IMPLICIT

DIFFERENTIATION
LESSON 5
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

determined the derivative by implicit functions;

determined derivative of natural logarithmic and exponential function.
Key Concepts

There are cases when we say that a functional relationship

is defined implicitly, in contrast to the explicit from where
the rule of is clearly seen as is indeed written in terms of .
We can still find the derivative even without writing explicitly
the functional relationship. This is accomplished via a
technique usually referred to as implicit differentiation.
Illustrative Examples:
1. Find the derivative if .

Solution:
In this case, we will not isolate . We apply the steps of implicit
differentiation described above: We differentiate both sides with
respect to . In the left – hand side involving , we apply the Chain Rule
since is a function of , we can consider the expression of the left as a
composition .
Activity 1: Find the derivative of the following functions.

1.

2.

3.

4.

6. 3
 1.
2.

[
2 𝑥− 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 ]
+ 𝑦 (1) + 3 𝑦2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=0
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+ 2 (− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 )
𝑑𝑦
=0
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑑𝑦
2 𝑥−𝑥 − 𝑦 +3 𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
−2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 =−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
−𝑥 +3 𝑦 =−2 𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
( − 𝑥 +3 𝑦 2 )=− 2 𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=
𝑑𝑦 −2 𝑥+ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 +3 𝑦 2
 3.

𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑥 (
+ 𝑦=𝑥𝑠𝑒 𝑐 𝑥𝑦 ) + 𝑦𝑠𝑒 𝑐 ( 𝑥𝑦 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

-y

𝑑𝑦
( 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑒 𝑐 2 ( 𝑥𝑦 ) ) =𝑦 (𝑠𝑒 𝑐 2 ( 𝑥𝑦 ) −1)
𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 ( 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( 𝑥𝑦 ) −1) − 𝑦 (− 𝑠𝑒 𝑐 ( 𝑥𝑦 ) +1) 𝑦
= = =−
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑥 (1− 𝑠𝑒 𝑐 ( 𝑥𝑦 ) ) 2
𝑥 (1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( 𝑥𝑦 ) ) 𝑥
 4.
𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥∙𝑒 +𝑒 ( 1 )=5 − 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥𝑒 + 𝑒 =5 −3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑥𝑒 +3 =− 𝑒 +5
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
( 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 +3 )=− 𝑒 𝑦 +5
𝑑𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑒 + 5
= 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 +3
 2 2
5. 𝑥 + 𝑦 =3 ln 𝑦

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
2 𝑥+2 y =3 ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
2y −3 ∙ =− 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 ( 3
2 𝑦 − =−2 𝑥
𝑦 )
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥 −2 𝑥 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦
= = =− 2 𝑥 ∙ =−
𝑑𝑥 3 2 𝑦
2
−3 2 𝑦
2
− 3 2 𝑦
2
−3
2 𝑦−
𝑦 𝑦
 6. 3

[
3 𝑡
𝑑𝑦
2
𝑑𝑡 ]
+ 𝑦 ( 2 𝑡 ) −5= 2
1
∙
𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦

2 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
3𝑡 +6 𝑡𝑦 −5= 2 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑦 +1 𝑑𝑡
2 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
3𝑡 − 2 ∙ =−6 ty +5
𝑑𝑡 𝑦 +1 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑡
2
(
1
3𝑡 − 2
𝑦 +1
=− 6 𝑡𝑦 +5
)
2
𝑑𝑦 − 6 𝑡𝑦 + 5 − 6 𝑡𝑦 +5 − 6 𝑡𝑦 +5 (− 6 𝑡𝑦 +5)( 𝑦 +1)
= = = =
𝑑𝑡 2 1 3 𝑡
2
( 𝑦
2
+1 ) − 1 3 𝑡 2
𝑦 2
+ 3 𝑡 2
− 1 3 𝑡 2
𝑦 2
+3 𝑡 2
−1
3𝑡 − 2
𝑦 +1 2
𝑦 +1 𝑦 2
+1
DERIVATIVES OF
HIGHER ORDER
LESSON 6
 Learning Outcome:
At the end of the lesson, the students must have:
o computed higher order derivative.

Key Concepts

We define the second derivative, or second – order derivative, of a function

at , which we denote as , as the derivative of the derivative of at :

We inductively define the derivative of , denoted by

 Illustrative Examples:
1. Find the second – derivative of .

Solution:
The derivative is given by

The second – derivative is obtained by differentiating the above:

2. Find the 4th derivative of

Solution:
3. Find if

Solution:
We first perform implicit differentiation to :

We now differentiate both sides of this new equation to obtain , still playing the Chain Rule

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(2 𝑦 − 𝑥 ) −2 ( 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 ) − 2 ( 𝑦 − 2 𝑥 ) +( 𝑦 −2 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
¿
( 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 )2
 (2 𝑦 − 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦
−2 ( 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 ) − ( 𝑦 −2 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦
+( 𝑦 −2 𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 − 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
¿ 2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥
( 2 𝑦 − 𝑥)

𝑦 −2 𝑥 𝑦 −2 𝑥
(2 𝑦 − 𝑥 ) − 2 ( 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 ) −[ ( 𝑦 −2 𝑥 ) + ( 𝑦 −2 𝑥 ) ]
2 𝑦 −𝑥 2 𝑦−𝑥
¿ 2
(2 𝑦 − 𝑥)

2 2
𝑦 − 4 𝑥𝑦 + 4 𝑥 (
2 𝑦 −2 𝑥 − 4 𝑦 +2 𝑥 −[ + 𝑦 − 2 𝑥 )]
𝑑 𝑦 2 𝑦 −𝑥
2
= 2
𝑑𝑥 ( 2 𝑦 − 𝑥)

2
𝑑 𝑦
=− 3 𝑦 ( 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 ) − ( 𝑦 − 4 𝑥𝑦 + 4 𝑥 ) −( 𝑦 − 2 𝑥) ¿ ¿ ¿
2 2
2
𝑑𝑥
 2
𝑑 𝑦
=− 3 𝑦 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4 𝑥𝑦 + 4 𝑥 ) −( 𝑦 − 2 𝑥) ¿ ¿ ¿
( 2 2
2
( )
𝑑𝑥
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑑 𝑦 −6 𝑦 +3 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 + 4 𝑥𝑦 − 4 𝑥 −2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 + 4 𝑥𝑦 −2 𝑥
2
= 3
𝑑𝑥 (2 𝑦 − 𝑥)
2 2 2 2 2
𝑑 𝑦 −9 𝑦 + 12 𝑥𝑦 −6 𝑥 − 3( 3 𝑦 − 4 𝑥𝑦 +2 𝑥 )
2
= 3
= 3
𝑑𝑥 (2 𝑦 − 𝑥) (2 𝑦 − 𝑥)
 Direction: Find the derivative of the following functions of
the indicated order.

1. ;

2. ;

3. ;

4. ;

5. ;

6. ;