Environmental Science Overview
Environmental Science Overview
Environmental Science Overview
A Student-Friendly Guide to
Sustainability and Our Planet
What is Environmental Science?
• Environmental Science is the study of how
humans interact with their surroundings,
including:
• - Natural Sciences (biology, chemistry, ecology,
etc.)
• - Social Sciences (economics, anthropology,
etc.)
• - Humanities (philosophy, ethics).
• Goal: Understand and solve environmental
problems to live sustainably.
Environmental Science vs
Environmentalism
• Environmental Science:
• - Interdisciplinary scientific study.
• - Focuses on understanding human-
environment interactions.
• Environmentalism:
• - A social movement.
• - Advocates for protecting Earth's life-support
systems.
Sustainability and Natural Capital
• Sustainability: The ability of systems to endure
and adapt indefinitely.
• Natural Capital = Natural Resources + Natural
Services:
• - Renewable Resources: Air, water, soil, plants.
• - Nonrenewable Resources: Oil, coal, minerals.
• - Natural Services: Ecosystem functions like air
and water purification.
Components of Sustainability
• 1. Nutrient Recycling
• 2. Preventing Natural Capital Degradation
• 3. Seeking Scientific Solutions
• 4. Making Trade-offs in Resource Management
Our Ecological Footprint
• Measures the land and water needed to
provide resources and absorb waste for a
population.
• Example: Calculate your footprint at
http://myfootprint.org/en
Pollution: Types and Effects
• Pollution: Harmful substances affecting
humans and ecosystems.
• Types:
• - Point Source: Single identifiable sources (e.g.,
factory smoke).
• - Nonpoint Source: Dispersed sources (e.g.,
pesticide runoff).
• Effects: Damages health, disrupts ecosystems,
creates nuisances.
Solutions to Pollution
• 1. Pollution Cleanup: Diluting pollutants after
production.
• 2. Pollution Prevention: Reducing pollutant
production.
• Challenges of Cleanup:
• - Temporary fix
• - Costs can be high
• - Sometimes shifts pollution elsewhere
Causes of Environmental Problems
• 1. Population Growth
• 2. Unsustainable Resource Use
• 3. Poverty
• 4. Excluding Environmental Costs from Prices
• 5. Limited Knowledge of Nature
Worldviews and Ethics
• Worldviews:
• - Planetary Management: Nature exists for
humans.
• - Stewardship: Manage Earth responsibly.
• - Environmental Wisdom: Humans are part of
nature.
• Ethics: Right and wrong in treating the
environment.