Cultural Gap Turkey 1

Cultural
Gaps in
TURKE
Y
Prepared By:
Angel Dee Corpez
Larra Janele G.
Baclagon
Vincent Lusterio,
Jr.
• Cultural Gap KEY TERMS
- Refers to the differences in values, beliefs,
customs, and behaviors between two or more
cultural groups. These differences can lead to
misunderstandings, challenges in
communication, or conflicts when individuals or
groups interact across cultural boundaries.
•GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
-A measure of a country's economic
performance, driven by industries like textiles,
tourism, automotive, etc.
•Ethnic Diversity KEY TERMS
-Refers to Turkey's population composition,
primarily Turks with significant Kurdish and other
minority groups.
•Globalization
-The process through which Turkey integrates
with global culture and economy, influencing its
traditions and industries.
•Secularism (Laiklik)
-The principle of separating religion from state
affairs, introduced in Turkey by Atatürk.
•Fez
KEY TERMS
-Is a traditional brimless, cylindrical or truncated
conical hat typically made of felt. It is often red
with a black tassel and is associated with the
Ottoman Empire.
•Hijab
-Is a traditional headscarf worn by many Muslim
women as a sign of modesty and religious
observance
•Sufi
-Rooted in Islamic mysticism, focusing on
spiritual growth, devotion, and connection with
God.
HISTORY OF COUNTRY
1 2 PROFILE
TURKEY
PRESENTATION &
3 4 CULTURE
ANALYSIS OF
RELATED ISSUES
CULTURE
5 INITIATIVES TO SUPPORT CULTURE

ISSUES IN THE COUNTRY
HISTOR
Y OF
TURKEY
Location of Turkey
Turkey is
located at the
crossroads
between
Europe and
Asia.
Key historical events that
shaped Turkey:
●In 1600 BCE, The first major empire
to form in the land was the Hittite
empire.
●In 47 CE, Saint Paul begins his
ministry in Turkey, establishing
Christian churches throughout the
region.
●In 330, Byzantium became
Constantilope which is now known as
Istanbul.
●Rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire
●Establishment of the Republic of
Turkey in 1923.
●Establishment of the Republic of
Turkey in 1923.
○Founded on October 29, 1923, by
Mustafa Kemal known as Atatürk.
○Implemented reforms focusing on
secularism and modernization.
Mustafa Kemal
First President of Turkey
Impact of colonization, wars, or
migrations
●Ottoman Empire's influence brought
cultural and religious diversity.
●Turkish War of Independence and
migrations reshaped demographics.
●Post-WWII labor migrations to Europe
affected the economy and society.
OTTOMAN EMPIRE TURKISH WAR OF
INDEPENDENCE
COUNTRY
PROFILE
KEY DEMOGRAPHICS
● Population size and distribution:
○ Predominantly youthful population.
○ 21.7% is under the age of 14, 68.6%
is aged between 15-64, and the
remaining 9.6% is 65 years old and
above.
○ Total population- 84,119,531
● Major ethnic groups:
○ Majority are Turks (70%- 75%)
○ Kurds are the largest minority group.
○ Other minorities include Armenians,
Greeks, Arabs, etc.
● Dominant language:
○ Turkish (official language); Kurdish
and Arabic spoken by minorities.
Economic Indicators
● GDP and economic structure:
○ The agricultural sector accounts for 6.2% of
GDP, whereas industrial and service sectors
make up 28.3% and 54%, respectively.
○ Tourism and trade play vital roles.
○ Türkiye is the 17th largest economy in the
world, according to the IMF, with a GDP of
$1.024 trillion as of 2023
● Main industries and sources of income:
○ Key industries: textiles, automotive
manufacturing, and construction.
○ Tourism generates significant revenue.
● Urbanization level:
○ Highly urbanized with Istanbul, Ankara, and
Izmir as major urban centers.
Other Information
● Literacy rate and education system:
○ Literacy rates exceed 95%.
○ Free and compulsory primary education;
universities are well-developed.
● Key natural resources:

○ Includes coal, iron ore, copper, and
renewable energy sources.
● The European side attracts significant foreign
investment, with thriving industries in
business, tourism, and technology. It often
reflects Turkey’s push toward economic
integration with the European Union.
● The Asian side, while developing, relies more
on agriculture and traditional industries. It
showcases economic practices deeply rooted
in local customs.
Prese
ntatio
n and
Analys
is of
Folkways, mores, and traditions
● General Social Etiquette
Turkish culture places a strong emphasis on
respect and hospitality.
○ Politeness
○ Personal Space
○ Punctuality
● Respect for Elders
● Sharing Food
● Islam and Daily Practices
○ Prayer Times: Muslims pray five times a
day, and you may hear the call to prayer
(adhan) from mosques.
○ Ramadan: Ramadan is a holy month of
fasting from dawn to dusk.
● Dress Code
○ Modesty
○ Headscarves
● Body Language
○ Gestures
○ Eye Contact
● The European side of Turkey,
particularly Istanbul, is heavily
influenced by Western values,
emphasizing modernization,
cosmopolitan lifestyles, and
individualism. This area often aligns
with European trends in fashion, arts,
and governance.
● The Asian side, in contrast, retains
more traditional and conservative
values. It emphasizes family-centric
lifestyles, religious practices, and
community-oriented living.
● The European region, dominated by
cities like Istanbul's western side, is
more urbanized and globally connected.
It boasts modern infrastructure, a
vibrant cultural scene, and a fast-paced
environment.
● The Asian side is more rural and slower-
paced, with a focus on agricultural
activities and preserving cultural
heritage. The people here often
maintain strong ties to ancestral
traditions and community rituals.
SPECIAL CELEBRATIONS
•Ramazan Bayramı (Eid al-Fitr):
-Known as the "Sugar Feast," it marks the end of
Ramadan, the holy month of fasting.
-Families come together, exchange gifts, and
children often receive sweets and money.
•Kurban Bayramı (Eid al-Adha):
-The "Feast of Sacrifice" commemorates
Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son.
-People distribute meat to the needy, and family
gatherings are held.
● Republic Day (October 29):
-Celebrates the founding of the Turkish
Republic in 1923.
-Marked by parades, concerts, and
fireworks across the country.
● Victory Day (August 30):
-Celebrates a key victory in the Turkish
War of Independence.
-Military parades and ceremonies are held
to honor this day.
Religious Practices
● Religion is more visibly integrated into daily

life on the Asian side, with a higher adherence
to Islamic customs and practices. For instance,
the call to prayer is a central part of daily
routines, and modest dress is more common.
● On the European side, religious
expression is less overt, and secular
lifestyles are more common, reflecting
the legacy of Atatürk's secular reforms
and the region's exposure to European
liberal values.
Social Dynamics
● The European side fosters greater gender
equality and a more liberal social framework,
with women participating actively in public and
professional life.
● The Asian side is relatively more patriarchal,
with traditional roles for men and women still
prominent in many areas.
Role of religion and beliefs
● Secular Governance:
○ Secularism is enshrined in the
constitution, separating religion from
state affairs.
○ Religious symbols and practices were
restricted in public life during
Atatürk’s reforms (e.g., banning the
fez and religious attire in public
offices).
● Social and Cultural Influence:
○ Religious traditions like Ramadan
fasting, Islamic holidays, and mosque
attendance are widely observed.
○ Folk Islam, including Sufi practices,
remains influential in rural areas.
Impact of laws and institutions:
● Secular laws modernized social norms

and governance.
● Equality and freedoms are emphasized
under Atatürk’s reforms.
Unique cultural elements
● Blend of modern and traditional clothing (e.g.,

hijabs and Western fashion).
● Turkish cinema and TV dramas enjoy global
popularity
TURKISH FASHION
TURKISH ENTERTAINMENT
Cultur
e-
relate
Current challenges or conflicts
● Tensions between Turkish majority and

Kurdish minority over cultural rights.
● Freedom of Expression, Association, and
Assembly
● Women’s Rights
● Human Rights
Modernity vs. traditional
practices
● Ongoing debates between secularists

and religious conservatives.
Impact of globalization
● Western influence evident in urban
areas, while rural areas retain traditions.
● Globalization has popularized Turkish
cuisine and media internationally.
● Private sector becomes an engine of
economic growth
● Boost export
● Customize state-owned industrial
enterprises and public enterprises
● Open markets to foreign direct
investment (FDI)
Initiativ
es to
Support
Culture
Policies and programs to
preserve cultural heritage
● Museums, UNESCO heritage sites, and

cultural festivals support preservation.
Government and NGO initiatives
● Ministry of Culture and Tourism

promotes cultural projects.
● NGOs work to bridge gaps between
ethnic groups.
Steps to resolve cultural
conflicts
● Efforts to address Kurdish issues,

including language rights and
education.
Role of education
● Schools promote cultural understanding

and inclusivity through curricula
CONCLUSION
Turkey is a nation of
diversity, balancing the
Eastern and Western
influences. Its melange is
both a strength and a
challenge.
By maintaining secular governance
while valuing religious traditions,
and by blending modern urban
development with cultural
preservation, both it’s tradition and
modernization can be balanced.
Turkey’s emphasis on secularism,
cultural preservation, and inclusivity
in governance provides an ideal
image of managing diversity.
Bridging the Gap
Turkey’s dual identity as both a European and
Asian country creates a fascinating cultural
mosaic. Policies that promotes communication
and exchange between the regions aims to
lessen the disparities, fostering unity while
embrasing diversity. Urban centers like Istanbul
play a key role in bridging these divides, acting
as a physical and cultural link between East and
West.
REPORTERS
Larra Janele G. Angel Dee

Vincent Lusterio
Baclagon Corpez
Jr.
REFERENCES:
● https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/turkey
● https://www.magnificenttravel.com/en/blog/turkey/customs-in-tur
key-a-comprehensive-guide-to-navigating-cultural-norms-1#:~:
text=Turkish%20culture%20places%20a%20strong,followed%20
by%20their%20first%20names
● https://
documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/586711511946404188/pdf
/121733-BRI-P154478-PUBLIC-Turkey-Snapshot-Print.pdf
● https://
www.researchgate.net/figure/Urbanization-trends-in-Turkey_tbl1_3
23475333
● https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/gdp
● https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey-turkiye/
#
people-and-society
● https://ktu.edu.tr/obsen/aboutturkeyeconomy#:~:text=The%20a
gricultural%20sector%20accounts%20for,%25%20and%2064.5%
25%2C%20respectively
Thanks!
GOD BLESS!!!
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Cultural

5 INITIATIVES TO SUPPORT CULTURE

● Key natural resources:

● Religion is more visibly integrated into daily

● Secular laws modernized social norms

● Blend of modern and traditional clothing (e.g.,

● Tensions between Turkish majority and

● Ongoing debates between secularists

● Museums, UNESCO heritage sites, and

● Ministry of Culture and Tourism

● Efforts to address Kurdish issues,

● Schools promote cultural understanding

Larra Janele G. Angel Dee

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by

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