EXCITABLE AND ONLINE
EXCITABLE AND ONLINE
EXCITABLE AND ONLINE
AND
CONTRACTILE TISSUES
EXCITABLE TISSUES AND
CONTRACTILE TISSUES : A SYNOSIS
DR WARIEBI KOIKOIBO
5. EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING
1 NERVE -70
2 SKELETAL MUSCLE -90
3 SMOOTH MUSCLE -35 to -45
4 PURKINJE FIBRES & VENTRICULAR
MUSCLE FIBRES OF THE HEART
-90
The sharp rise and rapid fall are called the SPIKE POTENTIAL.
REPOLARIZATION PHASE
• Efflux of K+ increases
• The potential again returns to its original negative
value.
• It should be clearly understood that, the excitation
means the depolarization.
• Repolarization means recovery from excitation.
RECOVERY PHASE
B) SMOOTH MUSCLES
C) CARDIAC MUSCLES
SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
• ATTACHED TO BONES AT BOTH ENDS
• STRIATED IN THE MICROSCOPIC
STRUCTURE
• VOLUNTARY IN ACTION
• HAVE SPECIFIC NERVE CONNECTIONS
• MAKES MOVEMENTS AND CONTROL THEM
INNER STRUCTURE OF THE
SKELETAL TISSUE
• STRIATED BECAUSE THE COMPONENTS ARE STRANDED
• THERE ARE TWO MAJOR MYOFIBRILS: ACTIN AND MYOSIN
• ACTIN: THIN FILAMENTS, ARISE FROM THE EITHER END OF A Z-LINE
• MYOSIN: THICK FILAMENTS,
• THE CONTRACTILE UNIT OF THE MUSCLE IS KNOWN AS THE
SACROMERE
• A SACROMERE IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN ONE Z-LINE AND THE NEXT
Z-LINE
• AT THE MIDDLE OF THE SACROMERE IS AN M-LINE
INNER STRUCTURE OF THE
SKELETAL TISSUE 2
• The ACTIN /THIN filaments are attached to the Z-Line
while the MYOSIN/THICK filaments are anchored at
the M=Line.
• Therefore, at some point, the Actin Filaments are
interspersed with the myosin filaments
• On either side of the Z-Line, there is a Light Area
known as the I-BAND containing ACTIN filaments only.
• At the centre of the Sacromere, there ia a Thick area
containing both Actin and Myosin filaments. This is
known as the A-BAND
INNER STRUCTURE OF THE
SKELETAL TISSUE 3
•The ratio of Thin: Thick filaments is 2:1
• A MIXED NERVE contains fibres that are Sensory and fibres that are
Motor, and these fibres function respectively, and appropriately.
SYNAPSE AND
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
• A SYNAPSE IS THE JUNCTION BETWEEN TWO NERVES
• BOTH SYNAPSE AND NMJ are discrete point for the handover of
signals via an action potential.
EXCITATION CONTRACTION
COUPLING
• An impulse crosses the neuromuscular junction
and excites the muscle membrane.
• The electrical excitation of the muscle results in
the mechanical event, that is, contraction of the
muscle.
• Thus, two different types of events are
“coupled”.
EXCITATION CONTRACTION
COUPLING: 1
•The Sarcoplasmic reticulum
(SR) is the site for coupling
between electrical excitation
of muscle and its mechanical
contraction
EXCITATION CONTRACTION
COUPLING: 2
•The SR has a longitudinal tubule with its
expanded ends called terminal cisternae.
•The T-tubules extend from muscle surface
membrane up to the terminal cisternae.
•The ends of T-tubules and terminal
cisternae on their either side create the
“triads”.
EXCITATION CONTRACTION
COUPLING : 3
•When depolarization travels
deep into the muscle via
T-tubules, it first activates the
sarcoplasmic reticulum via a
voltage-gated Ca++ channel.
EXCITATION CONTRACTION COUPLING: 4