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    BE-(PPE)

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    Linzaw Win

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    BE-(PPE)

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    BE-(PPE)

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    Linzaw Win

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    Basic Electricity

    Presented by Pont Pont Ei


    12.10.2022
    Contents
     Structure of Matter

     Overview of Electricity

     Resisters

     Fuse

     Relay
    Objectives
    To Know------------;

     The concepts of current, voltage, and resistance, as well as have insight


    into Ohm’s Law and the Power Law.

     How electrical circuits, series, and parallel, are structured.

     The most electrical components and their functions.


    Structure of Matter
     All matter ( solid, liquid, or gas ) is made up tiny particles that are called molecules.
     Molecules are made up of even smaller particles each of which is called an atom.
     Atoms are made up of electrons, protons and neutrons.
    Magnet
    RESISTANCE
    • RESISTANCE (OHMS) is a measure of the opposition
    to the flow (similar to a restriction vent)

    ℓ
    Fuses
    Function:
    A fuse is generally inserted into an electrical circuit for 1 of 2
    reasons;
     to protect the power source
     to protect the electronic equipment.

     The electronic equipment manufacturers specify a fuse rated to open the


    electrical circuit before damage can be done to the device or open the
    circuit if the electronic device fails in some way (electronic devices may
    pull excessive current when they fail).
    Types of Fuse
    Resistor
    A resistor is a passive two-terminal
    electrical component that implements electrical
    resistance as a circuit element.
    Overview of Electricity
    Mechanism of Electricity

     Electricity
    Does its job by using electric power.
    Unit-Watt (W), Symbol-P

     Voltage
    The pressure that propels the electricity to flow.
    Unit-Volts(V), Symbol- either V or E

     Current
    The amount of electric flow.
    Unit-Amperes(A), Symbol-I

     Resistance
    The power that prevents the electric flow.
    •Water = Charge
    •Pressure = Voltage
    •Flow = Current
    •Hose Width = Resistance
    Potential and Voltage

    Potential Voltage
    Energy status of electron flows from The "pressure" to forcibly flow electricity.
    high potential area to low potential area. The potential difference occurring is the voltage.

    Water pressure and water level


    Formula for calculating the voltage
    When the water level is high, the water
    pressure becomes high and the amount of V=IxR
    (R is constant.)
    water flow increases.
    The same can be said about electricity. The
    bigger the Voltage (V) is, the greater the
    current (I) will be.
    Voltage
    Same Electric Potential
    Same electric potential means the potentials of the compared areas are
    the same.
    Same water level

    Even if voltage is high, electricity (current) will not flow


    if there is no electric potential difference.
    Series Circuit
     A series circuit have no branches, current has only one path to follow.
     The same current remains together through all components from the positive
    terminal and back to the negative of the battery.
     The voltage across each will be different.
     If the path is broken, no current flow.
    Parallel Circuit
     In a parallel circuit you have branches, multiple paths to follow.
     So current splits up but later comes back together as it returns to the battery.
     The same voltage is applied across each branch.
     If one branch is broken, current will continue flowing to the other branches.
    Overall Series Circuit Rules Overall Parallel Circuit Rules
    VT = V1 + V2 + V3 + … VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = …
    IT = I 1 = I 2 = I 3 = … IT = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + …
    RT = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + … 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...
    Ohm’s Law
    Ohm’s law is the law on the current that flows into resistance and the
    electric potential difference that develops as a result.

    This equation is the Ohm’s law.


    The current that flows into the circuit is
    proportional to the voltage and inversely
    proportional to resistance.
    Direct Current and Alternating Current

    Direct Current Alternating Current

    Voltage value or current value is constant to Voltage / current varies to the time series.
    the time series.

    The flow of electric charge is only in one The flow of electric charge periodically
    direction reverses direction.

    Electronics components mounted on Home appliances (Example: PC,


    construction machinery or automobiles and refrigerator, etc.) and most of the electric
    electric equipment for their controls. equipment used for industry such as in a
    factory. Myanmar the standard voltage is
    230 V and the frequency is 50 Hz
    Overview of Electricity
    Electrical Circuit
    There are circuit with direct current or alternating current for electric circuit.

    Direct current Alternating current


    Circuit with direct current Circuit with alternating current

    Alternate-current
    power supply
    Direct-current
    power supply
    Direct-current Alternating
    flows current flows

    Lamp Lamp
    (Resistance) (Resistance)

    Example of direct-current circuit Example of alternate-current circuit


    Electrical Circuit
    A configuration of electrically or electromagnetically connected components or
    devices with electric wire (conducting wire) is called an electrical circuit.

    Simple Electrical Circuit Components:


    1. The power supply (battery or generator)
    2. Electric wire
    3. Lamp
    Series Power Supply Circuit

     When a circuit has its parts connected “in series” it is a series circuit.

     The larger the battery capacity is (more batteries are needed), the brighter the
    lamp lights.
    Parallel Power Supply Circuit
     When a circuit has its parts connected "in parallel", it is a parallel circuit.

     The illuminance of the lamp does not change even if the number of batteries are
    increased.
    Overview of Electricity
    Electrical Components
    Coil

    A coil is a wound spiral of electric wire or lead wire.


    It generates magnetic flux when current is applied to the lead wire.
    Coils are mainly used as electromagnets.

    S
    Overview of Electricity
    Electrical Components
    Coil

    As shown in the figure, connect a DC power supply to a coil to examine the


    magnet field generated upon connection by using a small core.
    Magnetic field lines
    S N N S
    S N N S

    - The north pole and south pole of an electromagnet is determined


    by the direction of the current and the winding of the coil.
    - The magnetic field intensity is directly proportional to the current
    magnitude and the number of windings.
    Overview of Electricity
    Electrical Components
    Switch

    A switch is a part used to control and switch on/off the electrical circuit.
    It employs knobs or buttons for operation by humans.

    Momentary:
    A type of switch usually in the form of a
    push button that is only engaged (being on) while
    it is being depressed, it returns to the original state
    (being off) when it is no longer depressed.

    Alternate:
    Whenever the switch is pushed, the operation is
    turned on or off.
    Relay
    Power off
    condition

    Power On condition
     Alternator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
    allowing the
    car to charge the battery while you are driving.

     Stator uses the complete opposite energy of the alternator


    (Electrical energy of the car and turns into
    mechanical energy.)

     Solenoid as a switch for power.(converts electrical energy to


    Electrical Components
    Diode
    Diode is a basic electronic device using a semiconductor that restricts
    current flow chiefly to one direction.
    The LED used for lighting is also categorized into the diode group.

    P-type semiconductorN-type semiconductor


    + + + - - - - Diode is a conjunction of P-type
    Anode
    + + + - - - Cathode semiconductor and N-type
    semiconductor.
    A K
    Hole Free electron
    Diode
    A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in
    one direction; it has low resistance in one direction, and high resistance in the other.

    Diode Usage and Symbol Representation

     to change the alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) in electric supply electricity.
     Prevention of backward current flow.
     Usage in switching to control electric current ON/OFF.
     Usage in protective circuit.
    Thank You

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