Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing is the services provided on the Internet to store a vast amount of
data in one place and can be used from anywhere and from any place. This minimizes
the cost of the physical installation of the data centers and servers.
 Some examples of cloud computing are −
 Dropbox − It is a one-stop solution for all the services like file storage, sharing, and
managing the system.
 Microsoft Azure − It provides a wide range of services like the backup of data and any
sudden recovery from any type of disaster.
Evolution of Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing has evolved from the Distributed system to the current technology.
Cloud computing has been used by all types of businesses, of different sizes and fields.
1. Distributed Systems
 In the networks, different systems are connected. When they target to send the
message from different independent systems which are physically located in various
places but are connected through the network. Some examples of distributed systems
are Ethernet which is a LAN technology, Telecommunication network, and parallel
processing. The Basic functions of the distributed systems are −
 Resource Sharing − The Resources like data, hardware, and software can be shared
between them.
 Open-to-all − The software is designed and can be shared.
 Fault Detection − The error or failure in the system is detected and can be corrected.
 Apart from the functions, the main disadvantage is that all the plan has to be in the
same location and this disadvantage is overcome by the following systems −
 Mainframe Computing
 Cluster Computing
 Grid Computing
2. Mainframe Computing
 It was developed in the year 1951 and provides powerful features. Mainframe Computing is still in
existence due to its ability to deal with a large amount of data. For a company that needs to access
and share a vast amount of data then this computing is preferred. Among the four types of
computers, mainframe computer performs very fast and lengthy computations easily.
 The type of services handled by them is bulk processing of data and exchanging large-sized
hardware. Apart from the performance, mainframe computing is very expensive.
3. Cluster Computing
 In Cluster Computing, the computers are connected to make it a single computing. The tasks in
Cluster computing are performed concurrently by each computer also known as the nodes which are
connected to the network. So the activities performed by any single node are known to all the nodes
of the computing which may increase the performance, transparency, and processing speed.
 To eliminate the cost, cluster computing has come into existence. We can also resize the cluster
computing by removing or adding the nodes.
4. Grid Computing
 It was introduced in the year 1990. As the computing structure includes different computers or
nodes, in this case, the different nodes are placed in different geographical places but are
connected to the same network using the internet.
 The other computing methods seen so far, it has homogeneous nodes that are located in the same
place. But in this grid computing, the nodes are placed in different organizations. It minimized the
problems of cluster computing but the distance between the nodes raised a new problem.
5. Web 2.0
 This computing lets the users generate their content and collaborate with other
people or share the information using social media, for example, Facebook, Twitter,
and Orkut. Web 2.0 is a combination of the second-generation technology World Wide
Web (WWW) along with the web services and it is the computing type that is used
today.
6. Virtualization
 It came into existence 40 years back and it is becoming the current technique used in
IT firms. It employs a software layer over the hardware and using this it provides the
customer with cloud-based services.
7. Utility Computing
 Based on the need of the user, utility computing can be used. It provides the users,
company, clients or based on the business need the data storage can be taken for
rent and used.
Types of Cloud Computing
Public Cloud
 Public clouds are cloud environments generally created by third parties not owned by the
end user. Public clouds are open to all the public to store, access, and manipulate data over
the internet.
 The cloud service provider manages and operates its resources. Some of the largest cloud
providers include the Google cloud platform(GCP), Amazon Web Services(AWS), Microsoft
Azure, IBM Cloud, and Alibaba Cloud.
Private Cloud
 A private cloud offers software services to a private internal network, typically within a
company or particular individuals, instead of being publicly accessible. Any location or
ownership rules are now irrelevant because businesses are already establishing private
clouds on rented, vendor-owned data centers that are off-site.
 We can create a private cloud in two different ways. The standard strategy is to have their
infrastructure set up for private networks or intranets. Organizations like Infosys, Wipro,
and other conventional service-based businesses adopt this method.
 A VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) is the second possibility (VPC). In this scenario, they still have
a private cloud, but with the aid of cloud service providers, it is reachable via the open
Internet. A company will employ a private cloud in this instance to host its website, with no
resources having any public IPs issued. Employees will use a VPN to access the website.
Hybrid Cloud
 A hybrid cloud is an IT environment comprising several environments that appear to be
connected by LANs, WANs, VPNs, or APIs to form a single, unified environment. You
should be able to link many machines and combine IT assets using hybrid clouds.
Finance, healthcare, and higher education are three industries that mostly use hybrid
clouds.
 However, when apps may move in and out of many distinct yet connected
environments, every IT system turns into a hybrid cloud. These environments must be
derived from centralized IT resources that can scale as needed, at the very least. And a
platform for integrated management and orchestration must be used to manage each of
those environments as a single environment.
Multi-Clouds
 Multi-cloud enables information sharing between an organization and a particular
community by allowing several organizations to access the systems and services. One
or more local nonprofits, a third party, or a combination of them all own, administer, and
run it.
 Multi clouds are generally used in media, healthcare, and scientific industries. An
environment with multi-clouds may exist accidentally or on purpose (to better protect
sensitive data or provide redundant storage for improved disaster recovery) (usually the
result of shadow IT).
Types of Cloud Services
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud computing service where enterprises rent
or lease servers for computing and storage in the cloud. Users can run any OS
(operating system) or application on rented servers without worrying about the
server's upkeep and running costs.
 IaaS provides compute storage, network, and load balancer services. IaaS provides
shared infrastructure, web access to the resources, a pay-as-per-use model, and on-
demand scalability.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 PaaS refers to an external cloud service provider providing and managing the
hardware and an application-software platform. Still, the user is in charge of the apps
that run on top of the platform, and the data such apps rely on. It makes it simple for
programmers to build, test, use, and deploy web apps.
 PaaS provides different programming languages, application frameworks, databases,
and other tools. PaaS provides simplified development, lower risks, pre-built business
functionalities, and scalability.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
 SaaS is a service that offers consumers access to a managed software program hosted
in the cloud. Most SaaS apps are web or mobile applications that consumers can
access through a web browser. The user connects to the cloud applications through a
dashboard or API, and software upgrades, bug fixes, and other general software
maintenance are taken care of for them.
 SaaS provides business services, document management, social networks, and mail
services. SaaS is easy to buy, has fewer hardware requirements, has low
maintenance, multi-device support.
Platform Examples

AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Google App

PaaS
Engine, and Adobe Commerce

Gmail, Slack, and Microsoft Office

SaaS
365

Amazon Web Services, Microsoft

IaaS
Azure, and Google Compute Engine
Amazon Web Services

 A broad set of global cloud-based products including compute,

storage, databases, analytics, networking, mobile, developer tools,
management tools, IoT, security, and enterprise applications: on-
demand, available in seconds, with pay-as-you-go pricing.
 From data warehousing to deployment tools, directories to content
delivery, over 200 AWS services are available.
 New services can be provisioned quickly, without the upfront fixed
expense.
 This allows enterprises, start-ups, small and medium-sized
businesses, and customers in the public sector to access the building
blocks they need to respond quickly to changing business
requirements.
Google Cloud Platform

 Google Cloud Platform is a set of Computing, Networking, Storage,

Big Data, Machine Learning and Management services provided by
Google that runs on the same Cloud infrastructure that Google uses
internally for its end-user products, such as Google Search, Gmail,
Google Photos and YouTube.