Origin of Cloud Computing

• Cloud came into existence with an idea of an “intergalactic computer network” was
introduced in the sixties by J.C.R. Licklider, who was responsible for enabling the
development of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) in 1969.

• The commercial advent came about a decade after when com in 1999, which
pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website.
The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream software firms
to deliver applications over the internet.

• The next development was Amazon Web Services in 2002, which provided a suite of
cloud-based services including storage, computation and even human intelligence
through the Amazon Mechanical Turk.

• The kindle was lit and made omnipresence with the technology influencers like
Microsoft and Google shaped into the cloud corridor and till today its reported that
a innumerable companies rely on Cloud.
 Define a cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a technology that uses the
internet and central remote servers to maintain
data and applications. Cloud computing allows
consumers and businesses to use applications
without installation and access their personal
files at any computer with internet access. This
technology allows for much more efficient
computing by centralizing storage, memory,
processing and bandwidth.
 Advantages of Cloud Computing
➢ Reduced Cost - Cloud technology is paid incrementally, saving
organizations money.
➢ Increased Storage - Organizations can store more data than on
private computer systems.
➢ Highly Automated - No longer do IT personnel need to worry about
keeping software up to date.
➢ Flexibility - Cloud computing offers much more flexibility than past
computing methods.
➢ More Mobility - Employees can access information wherever they
are, rather than having to remain at their desks.
➢ Allows IT to Shift Focus - No longer having to worry about constant
server updates and other computing issues, government organizations
will be free to concentrate on innovation.
 Challenges of Cloud
This is a list of all cloud computing threats and challenges:

1. Security & Privacy 6. Lack of resources

2. Interoperability & 7. Dealing with Multi-Cloud
Portability Environments
3. Reliable and flexible 8. Cloud Migration
4. Cost 9. Vendor Lock-In
5. Downtime 10. Privacy and Legal issues
6. Lack of resources
 Cloud Computing Architecture
Front End : The front end is used by the client. It contains
client-side interfaces and applications that are required to access
the cloud computing platforms. The front end includes web
servers (including Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin &
fat clients, tablets, and mobile devices.

Back End : The back end is used by the service provider. It

manages all the resources that are required to provide cloud
computing services. It includes a huge amount of data storage,
security mechanism, virtual machines, deploying models,
servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.
There are the following components of cloud
computing architecture -
1. Client Infrastructure
Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It
provides GUI (Graphical User Interface) to interact with
the cloud.
2. Application
The application may be any software or platform that a
client wants to access.
3. Service
A Cloud Services manages that which type of service
you access according to the client’s requirement.
Service Model of the Cloud Computing
 Software as a Service (SaaS)
In simple this is a service which leverages
business to roll over the internet. SaaS is also
called as “on-demand software” and is priced on
pay-per-use basis. SaaS allows a business to
reduce IT operational costs by outsourcing
hardware and software maintenance and
support to the cloud provider. SaaS is a rapidly
growing market as indicated in recent reports
that predict ongoing double digit growth.
 Types of SaaS
Business Utility SaaS - Applications like Salesforce
automation are used by businesses and individuals
for managing and collecting data, streamlining
collaborative processes and providing actionable
analysis. Most popular uses are respectively:
Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Human
Resources and Accounting.
Social Networking SaaS - Applications like
Facebook are used by individuals for networking
and sharing information, photos, videos, etc.
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS is quiet similar to SaaS rather than SaaS been
offered through web the PaaS creates software,
delivered over the web.
PaaS provides a computing platform and solution
stack as a service. In this model user or consumers
creates software using tools or libraries from the
providers. Consumer also controls software
deployment and configuration settings. Main aim of
provider is to provide networks, servers, storage
and other services.
 Types of PaaS
Social Application Platforms - Platforms like Facebook
provide APIs so third parties can write new application
functionality that is made available to all users.
Computing Platforms - Platforms like Amazon Web services,
Rackspace, Opsource and others provide storage, processor, and
bandwidth as a service. As a developer you can upload
traditional software stack and run applications on their
computing infrastructure.
Web Application Platforms – Google Apps provide APIs and
functionality for developers to build Web applications that
leverage its mapping, calendar, and spreadsheets plus YouTube
and other services. More ideal for light weight web applications!
 Types of PaaS
(Continued...)
Business Application Platforms - Platforms like WOLF
provide a higher layer of abstraction from technical
complexities and is specifically geared toward transactional
business applications such as database, integration,
workflow, and user interface services. Developers &
business analyst can develop complex and robust business
applications and also create customized user interface –
providing higher freedom with lesser efforts.

Not all Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solutions are

created equal. Choose the platform which suits your
needs carefully.
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Infrastructure is the foundation of cloud computing.
It provides delivery of computing as a shared
service reducing the investment cost, operational
and maintenance of hardware. Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS) is a way of delivering Cloud
Computing infrastructure – servers, storage,
network and operating systems – as an on-demand
service. Rather than purchasing servers, software,
datacenter space or network equipment, clients
instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced
service on demand.
 Types of IaaS
There are also different types of cloud IaaS providers,
depending on what you looking for:

• Computing, Storage and Bandwidth

• Development and Test
• High Performance Computing
• Resource Sharing
Leading Service Providers
 Classification of the Cloud Deployment Model

Private cloud
The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an
organization. It may be managed by the organization or a
third party and may exist on premise or off premise.
Community cloud
The cloud infrastructure is shared by several
organizations and supports a specific community that
has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security
requirements, policy, and compliance considerations).
Classification of the Cloud Deployment Model :
(Continued...)
Public cloud
The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general
public or a large industry group and is owned by an
organization selling cloud services.
Hybrid cloud
The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more
clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique
entities but are bound together by standardized or
proprietary technology that enables data and application
portability (e.g., cloud bursting).
There are the following components of cloud
computing architecture -
1. Client Infrastructure
Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides
GUI (Graphical User Interface) to interact with the cloud.
2. Application
The application may be any software or platform that a
client wants to access.
3. Service
A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you
access according to the client’s requirement.
Cloud Computing Adoption Model
Cloud Computing Adoption Model
• Virtualization: Virtualize application and Infrastructure
• Cloud Experiment: Experiment in Amazon EC2,
define reference architecture
• Cloud Foundation: Lay foundation for scalable
application architecture
• Cloud Exploitation: Select cloud environment and
begin broad-based deployments, manual
provisioning and load balancing
• Hyper Cloud: Achieve dynamic sharing of
application workload, capacity arbitrage and self-
service application provisioning
Virtualization can increase IT agility, flexibility and
scalability while creating significant cost savings. Greater
workload mobility, increased performance and availability
of resources, automated operations – they’re all benefits of
virtualization that make IT simpler to manage and less
costly to own and operate.
Benefits of Virtualization
 HOW VIRTUALIZATION WORKS ?
• Due to the limitations of x86 servers, many IT
organizations must deploy multiple servers, each
operating at a fraction of their capacity, to keep pace
with today’s high storage and processing demands. The
result: huge inefficiencies and excessive operating
costs.
• Enter virtualization. Virtualization relies on software to
simulate hardware functionality and create a virtual
computer system. This enables IT organizations to run
more than one virtual system – and multiple operating
systems and applications – on a single server. The
resulting benefits include economies of scale and
greater efficiency.
 Virtual Machines Explained
• Virtual machines (VMs)
A virtual computer system is known as a “virtual machine”
(VM): a tightly isolated software container with an
operating system and application inside. Each self-
contained VM is completely independent. Putting multiple
VMs on a single computer enables several operating
systems and applications to run on just one physical server,
or “host.”
• Hypervisors
A thin layer of software called a “hypervisor” decouples the
virtual machines from the host and dynamically allocates
computing resources to each virtual machine as needed.
 Key Properties of Virtual Machines
Partitioning Encapsulation
• Run multiple operating • Save the entire state of a
systems on one physical virtual machine to files.
machine. • Move and copy virtual
• Divide system resources machines as easily as moving
between virtual machines. and copying files.
Isolation Hardware
• Provide fault and security Independence
isolation at the hardware • Provision or migrate any virtual
level. machine to any physical server.
• Preserve performance with
advanced resource controls.
Types of Virtualization
 Desktop Virtualization
Deploying desktops as a managed service enables IT
organizations to respond faster to changing workplace needs
and emerging opportunities. Virtualized desktops and
applications can also be quickly and easily delivered to branch
offices, outsourced and offshore employees, and mobile
workers using iPad and Android tablets.
 Application virtualization
Application virtualization runs application software
without installing it directly on the user’s OS. This differs
from complete desktop virtualization (mentioned above)
because only the application runs in a virtual
environment—the OS on the end user’s device runs as
usual.
 Server virtualization
Server virtualization enables multiple
operating systems to run on a single
physical server as highly efficient
virtual machines. Key benefits
include:

• Greater IT efficiencies
• Reduced operating costs
• Faster workload deployment
• Increased application
performance
• Higher server availability
• Eliminated server sprawl and
complexity
 Storage Virtualization
Storage virtualization is
the process of grouping
the physical storage from
multiple network storage
devices so that it looks like
a single storage device.
Storage virtualization is
mainly done for back-up
and recovery purposes.
 Network Virtualization
By completely reproducing a physical network, network virtualization allows
applications to run on a virtual network as if they were running on a physical
network — but with greater operational benefits and all the hardware
independencies of virtualization. (Network virtualization presents logical
networking devices and services — logical ports, switches, routers, firewalls,
load balancers, VPNs and more — to connected workloads.)
Any Questions...???

Thank You.....
Arghyadip Mandal