The document provides detailed information on the naming conventions and structures of alcohols, ethers, and thiols, including IUPAC and common names. It outlines the rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, the placement of functional groups, and the use of prefixes for multiple groups. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice and examples of various compounds.
The document provides detailed information on the naming conventions and structures of alcohols, ethers, and thiols, including IUPAC and common names. It outlines the rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, the placement of functional groups, and the use of prefixes for multiple groups. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice and examples of various compounds.
The document provides detailed information on the naming conventions and structures of alcohols, ethers, and thiols, including IUPAC and common names. It outlines the rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, the placement of functional groups, and the use of prefixes for multiple groups. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice and examples of various compounds.
The document provides detailed information on the naming conventions and structures of alcohols, ethers, and thiols, including IUPAC and common names. It outlines the rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, the placement of functional groups, and the use of prefixes for multiple groups. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice and examples of various compounds.
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ALCOHOLS, ETHERS, AND
THIOLS By emt
1 Alcohol IUPAC NAME Function Alcohols use the same formats as al alkanes. To name alcohol, group: Determine the parent chain. The
-OH parent chain must be the longest
that includes the carbon holding the OH group. Number according to the end General closest to the OH group regardless of where alkyl formula: substituent’s are.
- R OH Change the parent chain –e ending and replace it with an –ol. 2 Rules for naming the alcohols Find the longest chain containing the hydroxyl group (OH). If there is a chain with more carbons than the one containing the OH group it will be named as a substituent. Place the OH on the lowest possible number for the chain. With the exception of carbonyl groups such as ketones and aldehydes, the alcohol or hydroxy groups have first priority for naming. When naming a cyclic structure, the -OH is assumed to be on the first carbon unless the carbonyl group is present, in which case the later will get priority at the first carbon. When multiple -OH groups are on the cyclic structure, number the carbons on which the -OH groups reside. Remove the final e from the parent alkane chain and add -ol. When multiple alcohols are present use di, tri, etc before the ol, after the parent name. ex. 2,3-hexanediol. If a carbonyl group is present, the -OH group is named with the prefix "hydroxy," with the carbonyl group attached to the parent chain name so that it ends with -al or -one. 3 NOTE: In the IUPAC system, a compound containing multiple –OH group: the final -e in the name of the parent alkane is retained. example 1,2-ethanediol
4 Alcohol Functio COMMON NAME nal group: Give the name of the -OH alkyl group and add General the word alcohol. formula: R-OH
5 Alcohol
6 Isopropyl group A portion of a molecular structure equivalent to propane minus one hydrogen atom from the middle carbon.
7 Isobutyl group • A portion of a molecular structure equivalent to isobutane (2-methylpropane) minus one hydrogen atom from carbon one.
21 ETHERS R – O – R’ Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an oxygen between two alkyl groups
They have the formula R-O-R', with
R's being the alkyl groups
these compounds are used in dye,
perfumes, oils, waxes and 22 industrial use ETHERS R – O – R’
Ethers are named as
alkoxyalkanes
An aliphatic ether is an ether in
the molecule of which there are no aryl groups on the ether group example:
23 ETHERS R – O – R’
An ether molecule may contain
aryl groups example:
24 IUPAC NAME 1. Identify the two alkyl group at both ends of the – O – 2. Give the name of the shorter alkyl group with an ending of – oxy . 3. Name the longer alkyl group with an ending of –ane.
COMMON NAME 1. Common names for ethers are formed by naming the alkyl groups (alphabetical order) followed by the word ether. 2. Use the greek prefix di for two same alkyl group located at both sides of the oxygen atom.
functional group composed of a sulfur atom and a hydrogen atom (-SH).
also known as mercaptans, they are
analogous to alcohols.
33 Thiols They are named in a similar fashion as alcohols except the suffix -thiol is used in place of -ol.
The functional group of a thiol -SH group is
called sulfhydryl group sometimes name as mercapto group.
34 Naming IUPAC NAME IUPAC name for Thiols are similar to that of the alcohol. Retain the full name of the alkane. Add the word –thiol as the suffix after the parent name of the compound.
35 COMMON NAME Name the alkyl group attached to –SH and add the word mercaptan.
Example name: Ethyl mercaptan Isobutyl mercaptan
36 37 38 Answer exercise 14-7 page 354 (thiol)
39 reading assignments: Physical properties of alcohols, ethers, thiols Reactions of alcohols, ethers, thiols
