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Enhanced_Basics_of_C_Programming

This document covers the basics of C programming, including algorithms, flowcharts, program structure, data types, and operators. It outlines key steps for writing algorithms, the structure of a C program, and predefined data types. Additionally, it explains the roles of compilers and linkers in the programming process.

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Amruta Wayal
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2 views

Enhanced_Basics_of_C_Programming

This document covers the basics of C programming, including algorithms, flowcharts, program structure, data types, and operators. It outlines key steps for writing algorithms, the structure of a C program, and predefined data types. Additionally, it explains the roles of compilers and linkers in the programming process.

Uploaded by

Amruta Wayal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit - I: Basics of C Programming

Overview and Key Concepts


1.1 Algorithms and Flowcharts
• 1.1.1 Steps for Writing Algorithm
(Highlighted):
• - **Define the problem clearly**.
• - Outline **key steps in logical sequence**.
• - Write pseudocode or step-by-step
instructions.
• - Test the algorithm with sample inputs.

• 1.1.2 Flow Chart Notations:


1.2 Structure of C Program
• Structure of a C Program:
• - Preprocessor Directives: #include <stdio.h>,
#define
• - Global Declarations: Declare global
variables/constants
• - main() Function: Entry point of the program
• - Local Declarations: Variables within main()
• - Statements: Logic and computation
• - Return Statement: Exits the program
1.3 Character Set, Keywords, and
Identifiers
• Character Set:
• - Alphabets: A-Z, a-z
• - Digits: 0-9
• - Special Characters: $, %, &, #, etc.
• - White Spaces: Space, tab, newline

• Keywords:
• - Reserved words like int, char, return.
• - Example: void, for, if, while, switch.
1.4 Data Types
• 1.4.1 Predefined Data Types:
• - Integer: int (signed, unsigned, long)
• - Float: float (e.g., 3.14), double for higher
precision
• - Character: char for single characters (e.g., 'a',
'z')
• - Octal: Numbers prefixed with 0 (e.g., 012)
• - Hexadecimal: Numbers prefixed with 0x (e.g.,
0x1A)
1.5 Operators and Expressions
• Logical Operators:
Operator Meaning Example
• Below is the table for logical operators:
&& Logical AND if (a > 0 && b > 0)
|| Logical OR if (a > 0 || b > 0)
! Logical NOT if (!a)
Algorithm Example
• Problem: Calculate the factorial of a number.
• Steps:
• 1. Start
• 2. Input a number n
• 3. Initialize result = 1
• 4. Repeat for i = 1 to n:
• result = result * i
• 5. Output result
• 6. Stop
Compiler and Linker Details
• Compiler:
• - Translates source code (C) into machine code
(binary).
• - Identifies errors during compilation.
• - Example: gcc, Turbo C compiler.

• Linker:
• - Combines object files to create a single
executable.

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