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What is Plagiarism?

Many people think of plagiarism as copying another’s work, or borrowing someone


else’s original ideas.
Merriam-Webster On Line Dictionary
1.to “plagiarize” means to steal and pass off the ideas or words of another
as one's own
2.to use (another's production) without crediting the source
3.to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product
derived from an existing source
All of the following are considered plagiarism:
•turning in someone else’s work as your own
•copying words or ideas from someone else without giving
credit
•failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
•giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
•changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source
without giving credit
•copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes
up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not
(see our section on “fair use” rules)
Types of Plagiarism?

Many people think of plagiarism as copying another’s work, or borrowing someone


else’s original ideas.
Merriam-Webster On Line Dictionary
1.to “plagiarize” means to steal and pass off the ideas or words of another
as one's own
2.to use (another's production) without crediting the source
3.to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product
derived from an existing source
1.“The Ghost Writer”
 The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own.
2. “The Photocopy”
 The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single
source, without alteration.
3. “The Potluck Paper”
 The writer tries to disguise plagiarism by copying from several
different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together
while retaining most of the original phrasing.
4. “The Poor Disguise”
Although the writer has retained the essential content of the source,
he or she has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key
words and phrases
5. “The Labor of Laziness”
The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from
other sources and make it all fit together, instead of spending
the same effort on original work.
6. “The Self-Stealer”
The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work,
violating policies concerning the expectation of originality
adopted by most academic institutions
Ways to prevent Plagiarism

•Quotation - must be identical to the


original, using a narrow segment of the source. They
must match the source document word for word and
must be attributed to the original author. Consider any
words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should
be quoted directly.
Ways to prevent Plagiarism

Paraphrasing - involves putting a passage


from source material into your own
• words. It must also be attributed to the source. Paraphrased
material is usually
• shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader
segment of the source
• and condensing it slightly.
Ways to prevent Plagiarism

•Summarizing - involves putting the main


idea(s) into your own words, including only
• the main point(s). Summaries are significantly shorter
than the original and take a
• broad overview of the source material.
• When to use it?
What is Citation?
A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain
material in your work came from another source. It also
gives your readers the information necessary to find that
source again, including:
•information about the author
•the title of the work
•the name and location of the company that published your
copy of the source
•the date your copy was published
•the page numbers of the material you are borrowing
When do I need to cite?
Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to acknowledge their
source.
The following situations almost always require citation:
•Whenever you use quotes
•Whenever you paraphrase
•Whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed
•Whenever you make specific reference to the work of another
•Whenever someone else’s work has been critical in developing your
own ideas.
APA Citation Style
The APA (American Psychological Association) citation style began in 1929,
when a group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business managers
gathered in order to establish a simple set of procedures, or style rules, that
would classify the many different components of scientific writing to increase
the ease of reading comprehension. This style is thus most used in psychology,
education, and the social sciences
 In-text citation- refers to any citation in our text which uses
the author’s last name and the year of publication.

 Reference list- appears at the end of your paper. It provides the


information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source
you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper
must appear in your reference list; likewise each entry in the
reference list must be cited in your text
1. The author’s name is art of the narrative. (NARRATIVE
CITATION)

Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most important element in
comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic

2. The author’s name is cited in parenthesis

One study found that the most important in


comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the
topic (Gass and Varonis, 1984)
IN-TEXT 1 2 authors 3 or Group
CITATION AUTHOR more authors
authors
Narrative Smith Mihrshahi Hewit et Departm
citation (2007) & Baur al. (2016)et of
(2018) health
(2020)
Parenthe Smith, (Mihrshahi (Hewit et (Depart
tical (2017) & Baur, al.,2016) met of
citation 2018) health,
2020)
Format Example Format Example
Books Author's last name. first Allen, T. (1974).
initial Vanishing Wildlife of
(Publication date). Book North America,
title. Washington, D.C.:
Additional information. Nalional Geographic
City of Society
publication: Publishing
company

Encyclopedia and Author's last name first Bergmann, P. G. (1993).


dictionary initial, (Date) Relativity. In The New
Title of Article, Title of Encyclopedia Britannia
Encyclopedia (Vol 26, pp. 501-508).
(Volume, pages). City of Chicago: Encyclopedia
publication! Britannica.
Publishing company.
Website and webpage Online periodical Devitt, T. (2001, August
Authors name 2), Lightning injures four
(Date of publication). Title at music festival. The
of article. Why? Files Retrieved
Title of Periodical, volume January 23, 2002, from
number, http://whytiles
Retrieved month day, org/137lightning/
year, from full URL index.html

Online document: Dove R. (1998) Lady


Author's name freedom among
(Date of publication). Title us. The Electronic Text
of work Center
Retrieved month day, Retrieved June 19 4998
year, from full. URL from Alderman
Library, University of
Virginia website e-text lib
CITATION
WORK Reference
In-text

Website and webpage

Books

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