The document outlines various methods of data collection, including surveys, interviews, observations, case studies, questionnaires, and experiments. Each method is described in detail, highlighting its purpose, advantages, and types, such as structured and unstructured questionnaires. The document emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate data collection methods to gather relevant information for research purposes.
The document outlines various methods of data collection, including surveys, interviews, observations, case studies, questionnaires, and experiments. Each method is described in detail, highlighting its purpose, advantages, and types, such as structured and unstructured questionnaires. The document emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate data collection methods to gather relevant information for research purposes.
The document outlines various methods of data collection, including surveys, interviews, observations, case studies, questionnaires, and experiments. Each method is described in detail, highlighting its purpose, advantages, and types, such as structured and unstructured questionnaires. The document emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate data collection methods to gather relevant information for research purposes.
The document outlines various methods of data collection, including surveys, interviews, observations, case studies, questionnaires, and experiments. Each method is described in detail, highlighting its purpose, advantages, and types, such as structured and unstructured questionnaires. The document emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate data collection methods to gather relevant information for research purposes.
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METHOD OF
DATA COLLECTIO N GROUP 1 WHAT IS DATA COLLECTION? Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF DATA COLLECTION? THESE ARE SOME SURVEY INTERVIEWS OBSERVATIONS
EXAMPLE OF DATA COLLLECTIO N METHOD CASE STUDIES QUESTIONNAIR EXPERIMENT E 1. SURVEY - involve gathering information from a group of people through a set of pre-determined questions. They can be conducted through online forms, phone interviews, or in-person questionnaires. Surveys are useful for collecting large amounts of data quickly and can provide quantitative and qualitative insights. 2. INTERVIEWS - involve direct one-on- one or group conversations with individuals to gather in- depth information. They can be structured (with a set of predetermined questions) or unstructured (allowing for more open-ended responses). Interviews are valuable for collecting detailed qualitative data and gaining a deeper understanding of participants' perspectives. 3. OBSERVATION - involve systematically watching and recording behaviors, events, or interactions in a natural or controlled setting. This method is useful for collecting qualitative data and understanding real-time behaviors and patterns. THERE ARE 4 TYPE OF OBSERVATION
1. PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION - is a research method where the researcher immerses themselves in a social setting or group to observe and actively participate in their activities and interactions. The researcher takes on the role of a complete participant or participant-as-observer to gain an insider's perspective and gather rich qualitative data. This method allows for a deep understanding of the context, dynamics, and experiences within the group being studied. It provides insights into underlying 2. meanings, NON PARTICIPANT values, and social OBSERVATION -processes, capturing is a research methodnuanced where thedetails and observes a social setting or group researcher nonverbal without cues.participating. They take on the role of an observer and carefully actively record behaviors, interactions, and events. This approach allows for systematic data collection and objectivity. Non-participant observation can be structured or unstructured, providing insights into the observed behaviors and their context. 3. COVER OBSERVATION - is a research method where the researcher observes a social setting or group without the participants' knowledge. The goal is to capture natural behaviors and interactions without altering them due to awareness of being observed. However, ethical concerns and potential legal issues make covert observation less commonly used in research. Overt observation with informed consent is generally preferred.
4. Overt observation - is a research method where the researcher openly observes a social setting or group with the participants' knowledge and consent. It involves studying behaviors, interactions, and dynamics while maintaining transparency and respecting ethical considerations. Overt observation promotes open communication, collaboration, and trust between the researcher and participants. 4. CASE STUDIES - are a qualitative research method that involves in- depth analysis of a specific individual, group, organization, or situation. They provide a comprehensive understanding of complex phenomena within their real-life context. Researchers collect and analyze various data sources to gain insights and identify patterns. Case studies are valuable for exploring unique occurrences, complex processes, and real-world situations. The findings are presented in a narrative format, contributing to theory development and practical applications in various fields. Descriptiv Explanato e case ry case studies. studies.
THE 6 TYPE Explorator Intrinsic
OF CASE y case case STUDIES reports. studies.
Instrumen Collective tal case case studies. reports. 1.Descriptive Case Studies: Descriptive case studies aim to describe or document the characteristics, behaviors, attitudes, opinions, or perceptions of a group or population being studied. They provide a comprehensive account of the phenomenon under investigation. 2.Explanatory Case Studies: Explanatory case studies explore why something occurs when limited information is available. They seek to increase understanding of a given topic, ascertain how or why a particular phenomenon is occurring, and predict future occurrences.
3.Exploratory Case Reports: Exploratory case reports investigate research questions that have not previously been studied in depth. They are often qualitative in nature and are used to gain insights into a phenomenon or to determine if further investigation is necessary.
4.Intrinsic Case Studies: Intrinsic case studies focus on a particular case that has a personal interest to the researcher. The case itself is of intrinsic value and provides unique insights or understanding.
5.Instrumental Case Studies: Instrumental case studies use a case to gain insights into a phenomenon. The case is not the main focus but serves as a means to understand more than what is initially obvious to observers.
6.Collective Case Reports: Collective case studies involve studying a group of individuals or cases. Researchers may study a group of people in a certain setting or look at an entire community to gain a broader understanding of the issue or phenomenon 5.QUESTIONNAIRE - is a research tool used to collect information from respondents. It consists of a set of questions designed to gather data on various topics. Questionnaires can be structured or unstructured, and they are administered through in- person interviews, online surveys, or paper-based forms. They allow researchers to collect data from a large number of respondents, standardize data collection, and analyze the results easily. Questionnaires are valuable in research as they provide insights and conclusions based on the responses of a targeted group of individuals. 1)Structured Questionnaire.
4 TYPES OF 2)Unstructured Questionnaire. QUESTIONNAIRE
3)Open ended Questionnaire.
4)Close ended Questionnaire
1.Structured Questionnaire: A structured questionnaire is a type of questionnaire that consists of predetermined questions with fixed response options. The questions are carefully designed to gather specific information from respondents in a standardized manner. The response options are typically provided in a multiple-choice format or with Likert scales, where respondents select the most appropriate option. Structured questionnaires allow for efficient data collection and analysis, as the responses can be easily quantified and compared.
2.Unstructured Questionnaire: An unstructured questionnaire is a type of questionnaire that does not have predetermined questions or fixed response options. Instead, it allows respondents to provide open-ended responses in their own words. Unstructured questionnaires are often used in qualitative research to gather rich and detailed information, as they allow respondents to express their thoughts, feelings, and experiences freely. The responses from unstructured questionnaires are typically analyzed through thematic analysis or content analysis to identify common themes or patterns.
3.Open-ended Questionnaire: An open-ended questionnaire is a type of questionnaire that includes questions that do not have predetermined response options. Instead, respondents are encouraged to provide detailed and descriptive answers in their own words. Open-ended questions allow for a more in-depth exploration of a topic and provide researchers with rich qualitative data. The responses from open-ended questionnaires require careful analysis to identify key themes or patterns.
4.Closed-ended Questionnaire: A closed-ended questionnaire is a type of questionnaire that includes questions with predetermined response options. Respondents are required to select their answers from a fixed set of options provided by the researcher. Closed-ended questions are often used in quantitative research as they allow for efficient data collection and analysis. The responses from closed-ended questionnaires can be easily quantified and summarized, making it easier to draw statistical conclusions. 6. EXPERIMENT - is a research approach used to investigate cause- and-effect relationships between variables. It involves manipulating independent variables and measuring the effect on dependent variables while controlling for other factors. Researchers formulate a hypothesis, design the experiment, collect data by implementing experimental conditions, analyze the data using statistical methods, and draw conclusions based on the results. Experiments provide a controlled and rigorous approach to data collection, allowing researchers to establish causal relationships between variables THAT’S ALL, THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! !
