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Transportmechanism 190108013954

The document outlines the transport mechanisms by which substances enter cells, distinguishing between passive and active transport. Passive transport includes diffusion and facilitated diffusion, while active transport requires energy and includes processes like endocytosis and exocytosis. Key concepts such as concentration gradients, osmosis, and types of solutions (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic) are also discussed.

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Jorvin Mendoza
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16 views28 pages

Transportmechanism 190108013954

The document outlines the transport mechanisms by which substances enter cells, distinguishing between passive and active transport. Passive transport includes diffusion and facilitated diffusion, while active transport requires energy and includes processes like endocytosis and exocytosis. Key concepts such as concentration gradients, osmosis, and types of solutions (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic) are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Jorvin Mendoza
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transport Mechanism

Transport Mechanism
Refer to the various ways
by which different
substances can be
allowed to enter the cell.
Key Terms
Solute
Refers to the substance that needs to be dissolved,
catalyzed or broken down in order to be utilized by
the cell
Solvent
refers to the substance that will dissolve the solute
such as water which is the versatile solvent
Concentration Gradient
Refers to how solute particles will move through a
gas or solution from an area with a higher number of
particles to one with a lower number of particles while
being separated by a membrane
2 Types of Transport Mechanisms
1. Passive transport –Movement of a
substance across a membrane with no
energy investment.
2. Active transport – involves carrier
molecules and cellular energy of ATP
against their concentration gradient.
2 Types of Passive Transport
1. Diffusion – involves the spontaneous
and random movement of molecules
from one place to another. They
move from a region where they are
more concentrated to a region where
they are less concentrated.
Examples of Diffusion
Diffusion
–The difference in concentration between these
two regions are called concentration gradients.
Diffusing molecules tend to move in greater
number down the concentration gradient called
net diffusion. Once equilibrium is attained, net
diffusion stops. In other words, net diffusion is
said to be equal to zero.
2 Types of Passive Transport
1. Diffusion
2 Types of Passive Transport
1. Diffusion – may also take place
through membranes. A permeable
membrane is one that allows both
solvent and solute molecules to
pass through it.
2 Types of Passive Transport
2. Facilitated Diffusion – the passage of
molecules through the cell is aided by certain
carrier proteins. It is also known as carrier-
assisted transport.
Osmosis – is a special term used for
the diffusion of solvent molecules
through a differentially permeable
membrane, that makes two solutions
separated. The net osmotic
movement will stop when equilibrium
reaches.
Query!!!
Does cell membrane undergo in
osmosis or diffusion?

Answer: Both
Osmosis
Hypotonic solution contains lower
concentration of dissolved materials than the
cell. In other words, the concentration of water
in the solution is greater than in cell.
Osmosis
Hypertonic solution contains higher
concentration of solutes than the cell. That is, the
concentration of water in the solution is lower
than in the cell.
Osmosis
Isotonic solution contains concentration of
the water molecules is the same as that in the
cell. The cell neither swells nor shrinks.
Active Transport
 Uses energy to move solutes
against their gradients
 To pump a solute across a
membrane against its gradient
requires work, the cell must
expand
energy
 Uses carrier protein
Primary Active Transport
Binding of three Na ions to their
active sites on the pump which are
bound to ATP
 ATP is hydrolyzed leading to
phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic side
of the pump
 Phosphorylation is caused by the
transfer of the terminal group of ATP to
the transport protein making ATP
become ADP
Secondary Active Transport
Once the Na ions are liberated,
the pump binds two molecules of
K to their respective binding sites
causing dephosphorylation of the
pump
 Two K ions are transported into
the cell
Bulk/Vesicular
Transport
Types of Active Transport
1.Endocytosis – involves
the entry into the cell of
materials that are too
large to get in by the
mere diffusion.
3 Types of Endocytosis
1. Phagocytosis – is the process by which
a cell engulfs or takes in solid particles that
are too large to enter the cell by diffusion.
(white blood cells and amoeba)
2.Pinocytosis – is the process of taking in
fluids by cells.
3. Receptor-mediated Endocytosis- is a key
cellular event of vascular trafficking where
cargo molecules are internalized through
binding to a specific receptor present on the
Types of Active Transport
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Types of Active Transport
2. Exocytosis – the reverse
of endocytosis, is the
process by which a cell
expels large molecules, such
as proteins and
polysaccharides.
References:
https://www.google.com/search?q=examples+of+diffusion&hl=en-PH
&authuser=0&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwja
ub3PidvfAhWGQZAKHcVlBT0Q_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=F
szGpK__ll3oyM
:
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en-
PH&authuser=0&biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=APYyXMbP
DceS9QPxwICYDQ&q=hypotonic+solution&oq=hypotonic+solution&gs
_l=img.3..0j0i67j0l8.1227284.1231017..1231287...0.0..0.744.7845.4-
7j7j1......1....1..gws-wiz-img.8qvtEswLnao#imgrc=B43H7SPeNSPXnM:
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en-
PH&authuser=0&biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=CwUzXKGo
OY_99QPJ5oCYDQ&q=pinocytic+vesicle&oq=pinocytic+vesicle&gs_l=i
mg.3..0j0i24l4.812711.818224..818563...0.0..0.247.2238.0j16j1......1....
1..gws-wiz-
img.......0i67j0i10i24.KwZH667PB2k#imgrc=6QOP1Zj9uopFoM:

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