Revision Pack

T1L2 T1L3
Measuring matter Changes in matter

T2L1 T2L3
States of matter Gas behavior
Topic 1
Lesson 2:
Measuring matter
Mass: Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
It's measured in kilograms or grams.
Weight: is the force of gravity pulls on an object. It's
measured in newtons.
Volume: Volume is the amount of space that an object
takes up. It's measured in liters or cubic centimeters.
Displacement: is the method used to measure the
volume for irregular solids.
Density: Density is how much mass in a given volume, it
describes why some objects can sink or flow. It's
calculated by dividing mass by volume.
 Mass
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

• It remains the same no matter where the object is

(on Earth, the Moon, etc.).
• Mass is measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

• Unlike weight, mass does not depend on gravity.

• A balance is used to measure mass.
 Weight
•Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object.

•It can change depending on where the object is

(like on the Earth or the Moon).

•Weight is measured in newtons (N).

•Unlike mass, weight depends on the strength of gravity.
 Weight on Earth, Moon, and Jupiter

•Earth: Weight is normal (gravity = 9.8 m/s²).

•Moon: Weight is much less.

•Jupiter: Weight is much more.

•Your mass stays the same, but your weight changes due to
different gravity.
 Mass & Weight
• Mass - the amount • Weight - a measurement of the
of matter in an gravitational force acting on an
object object
• Measured with a spring scale
• Measured with a
balance. balance • Changes depending on gravity
• Does not change
• Units - Newton
• Units grams
 • Volume
• Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.
• It is measured in cubic units (like cubic centimeters,
cm³) for solids and liters (L) or milliliters (mL) for
liquids.
• To find the volume of regular shapes, use formulas
(e.g., Length × Width × Height )
• For irregular shapes, use methods like water
displacement.
 Measuring Volume of Regular Objects
• To measure the volume of regular objects (like cubes and
rectangular use mathematical formulas.

• Volume = Length × Width × Height

• V = L × W × H
(e.g., a box with dimensions 4 cm × 5 cm ×
10 cm has a volume of

4 cm ×5cm ×10cm =200 cm3

 Measuring Volume of Irregular Objects
•The volume of irregular objects can be measured using the water
displacement method.
• Steps
1- Fill a graduated cylinder or measuring cup with a
known volume of water.
2- Carefully submerge the irregular object in the water.
3- Measure the new water level.
4- Subtract the original water level from the new water
level to find the volume of the object.

•Example: If the water level rises from 30 mL to 35 mL

after placing a rock in the cylinder, the volume of the rock
is 35 mL−30 mL=5 mL = 5 cm3
 Measuring Volume of liquids

•The volume of liquids is measured using graduated containers such

as measuring cups, beakers, or graduated cylinders.
•Units of measurement: Commonly measured in milliliters (mL) and
liters (L).
•Example:
• If you pour water into a graduated cylinder and it reaches the
250 mL mark, the volume of the liquid is 250 mL.
• For larger quantities, 1 liter (L) is equivalent to 1,000 mL. For
example, a 2-liter bottle contains 2,000 mL of liquid.
 Real-Life Connection: Class
Discussion
Why is it important to measure ingredients
accurately when baking?

Accurate measurements ensure that the

cookies turn out correctly in texture and
taste. Too much or
too little of an ingredient can change
how the cookies bake, affecting their
structure and flavor.
 What is density?
• Density is the amount of mass in a given
volume of a substance.

• It explains how objects can sink or float.

• Units of density are typically grams per

cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per
cubic meter (kg/m³).
How density Affects Objects?
• High-density objects, like rocks or metals, usually
sink when placed in a liquid like water because
they are denser than the liquid.

• Low-density objects, like wood or plastic,

tend to float on water because they are less
dense than the water.
How can we calculate density?
•The formula for density is:
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
(D = M/V).

•Example: If a block has a mass of 200 grams

and a volume of 50 cubic centimeters,
its density is:
200 g ÷ 50 cm3
=4 g/cm3
Imagine you have a glass, and you pour
honey, water, and oil into it one at a
time. The liquids form separate layers,
with honey at the bottom, water in the
middle, and oil on top.
•Why do these liquids stack up in
layers instead of mixing together?
•Which one has the most density? Which
one has the least?
 5
Minutes

• Remember to measure the mass we use the balance and it is

measured in units grams.

• To measure the volume of regular objects such as the eraser we

use ruler to measure the dimensions then the formula
( L × W × H ) and is measures in units cm3. and for the irregular
objects such as the penny we use the displacement method.

• Then we need to find the density by using the formula

• D =M/V
 Real-Life Connection: Class
Discussion

Possible answer

Even though boats and ships are made of dense

materials like metal, they are designed with
hollow areas, allowing them to displace enough
water to lower their overall density, enabling
them to float.
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T1L3: Changes
in Matter
Matter: Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
State of Matter: The state of matter is the form that matter can take, such
as solid, liquid, or gas.
Chemical Change: A chemical change happens when new substance is
created, and it can't easily be changed back.
Physical Change: A physical change happens when the substance changes
its shape, size, or state, but it stays the same substance.
Law of Conservation of Mass: This law says that matter cannot be
created or destroyed in a chemical or physical change; it just changes form.
Endothermic: An endothermic process gets in heat to happen.
Exothermic: An exothermic process gives off heat.
Thermal Energy: Thermal energy is heat energy that comes from moving
particles in matter.
 What is a Physical change?

• In a physical change, the material involved in the change is

structurally the same before and after the change.

• Types of some physical changes are texture, shape,

temperature, and a change in the state of matter. A change
in the texture of a substance is a change in the way it feels.
Examples of Physical Change
 What is a Chemical Change?

• A chemical change is a change of materials

into another, new materials with different
properties and one or more than one new
substances are formed. It results when a
substance combines with another to form a
new substance
Chemical Change
 Extend: Real Life connection

• Imagine you are a pastry chef for 1

day. Predict what type of changes
are happening when baking a
cake?

• Mixing : physical
• Baking: chemical
 Law of conservation of
mass

Law of conservation of mass, which states that during a

chemical reaction, the total mass of the products must be equal
to the total mass of the reactants. In other words, mass cannot
be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction but is always
conserved
Law of conservation of mass
Learning Intention: Analyze data to Predict the occurrence of a chemical reaction.

Extend: Real Life

Elaborat connection
Imagine you are working with a group of
e engineers on designing the ideal homes. These
homes should maintain a low energy exchange
between the interior and exterior of the house.
In your opinion what is the ideal materials to be
used in designing your homes?

Success Criteria:
 SC1: Define Temperature  SC 2: Use model to predict the flow of thermal energy
 SC 3: Differentiate between endothermic and exothermic reaction
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T2L1: States of matter
Solid: A solid is something that has a fixed shape and volume.
Amorphous Solid: An amorphous solid is a solid that doesn’t have a
regular pattern in how its particles are arranged.
Crystalline Solid: A crystalline solid is a solid where the particles are
arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

Liquid: A liquid is a substance that flows and takes the shape of its
container but has a fixed volume.

Viscosity: Viscosity is the measure of liquid resistance to flow.

Gas: A gas is the state of matter that doesn’t have a fixed shape or
volume. It spreads out to fill the space it’s in.
 States of Matter

A Particle is a small unit of

matter.
Characteristics of matter
Types of solids
 Properties of solids

1. It has fixed shape and volume

2. Don’t flow easily
3. Cannot be easily compressed

4. The particles in solid are in a

fixed position, and there is little
space between the particles.
Teacher
Talk:
Summary
Extend: Real Life connection
• why do jewelers add other metals in it?

Because these metals tend to be too

soft on their own the gold and silver
used for jewelry is mixed with other
metals, often silver, copper and zinc.

This makes the jewelry much

stronger while keeping its ability to
stay shiny.
Physical Properties of liquids:
 A liquid is fluid (material that flows)
that has a definite volume.
 It has no shape , it takes the shape of
container.
 The particles move past each other in
random directions.
 Surface tension and viscosity.
 Liquid surface
tension
“An inward force or pull among the molecules in a
liquid that brings the molecules on the surface close
together”

lets some insects walk on water or lets water form drops.

 • Viscosity is how thick or thin a liquid is.
• It measures a liquid’s resistance to flow.
• Liquids with high viscosity (like honey) flows slowly.
• Liquids with low viscosity (like water) flows quickly.
Learning Intention: Develop a model that predicts the states of matter characteristics and changes in
particle motion.

Teacher
Talk:
Summary

Predict Which liquid has the most viscosity,

which has the least?
Let’s recap the states of matter
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 T2L3:
Gas Behavior
Pressure: Pressure is the force applied on something over a certain area.
Pascal: Pascal is a unit used to measure pressure
Collide: Collide means to crash or bump into something.
Charles's Law: Charles's Law says that when the temperature of a gas
increases, its volume also increases, if the pressure stays the same.
Directly Proportional Relation: A proportional relation means that when
one thing increases, the other also increases, or when one decreases, the
other decreases.
Boyle's Law: Boyle's Law says that when the pressure on a gas increases,
its volume decreases, if the temperature stays the same.
Inversely Proportional Relation: An inversely proportional relation means
that when one thing increases, the other decreases.
 Extend: Real Life connection

• What are some variables that might

affect the pressure of balls through
games?

Temperature and outside pressure.

 What is gas pressure?

• As the particles of a gas collide with the

walls of their container, they exert a
force on these walls.
• Gas pressure is the name given to the
force exerted by gas particles colliding
with the wall of their container.
• Gas pressure is the force exerted by a
gas on a specific area.
 Pressure Unit

• The pressure of the gas is the force of

its outward push (in newton) over an
area (square meter) of the walls of the
container.
• Pressure is measured in units of Pascal
( Pa) or Kilopascal (Kpa)

Pa
 Impact of temperature on gas particles
When the temperature of the container increases,
the kinetic energy of the gas molecule becomes
high. This means the collision rate of the particles
increases.
 Gas pressure and physical
properties of objects.

The ball feel firm when the pressure inside the ball is greater than the
pressure outside the ball. Inside the ball the particles are tightly
packed and result in higher air pressure,
 Charles’s law
This law states that the volume occupied by
a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional
to its absolute temperature, if the pressure
remains constant.
At a constant pressure.

T V

T V
 Directly proportional Relationship

 The graph shows that the volume of a gas is

directly proportional to it temperature at
fixed pressure.

 As one variable increase the other variable

increase at the same rate.
Think aloud:
Predict how the change in temperature affected the volume of the
balloon
 Extend: Real Life connection

Rashed left his water bottle in the garden; he noticed some changes
in the bottle shape between the afternoon and cold night. How can
you explain his findings?

During the day the temperature is high the volume of the gas inside
of the bottle increased. While at night it is colder the volume of the
gas decreased
 At fixed temperature, the volume of
the gas change in opposite way to the
pressure.
At a constant
Temperature

P V

P V
 Inversely proportional Relationship
 The graph shows that when the pressure is
high the volume is low.

 As one variable increase the other variable

decrease at different rate
The graphed
relation shows
a curve and
not a straight
line.
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