Programming Fundamentals
Lecture 1
Course Objectives
1. To introduce the concept and usability of
the structured programming methodology
2. To develop proficiency in making useful
software using the C++ language/ python.
3. To appreciate the need for a programming
language
4. Improving reasoning abilities to solve
problems commonly encountered when
writing programs and developing skills
necessary to structure programs in a
logical manner.
Course Contents
History of C Language
Variables and expressions in C++
Control structures
Functions
Arrays
Structure
Pointers
File handling
Marks Distribution
Assignments/Quizzes/Attendance
20%
Mid Term 30 %
Final Term 50 %
Recommended Book
1. C++ How to Program by
H.M.Deitel and P.J.Deitel
2. Turbo C++ by Robert Lafore
3. C++ by Aikman Series
3. Lecture Notes
Program
“A precise sequence of steps to
solve a particular problem”
Things required to write a program
1. Source code
2. Text Editor
3. Compiler
1. SOURCE CODE:
• The files you create with your editor are
called source files and for C++ they
typically are named with the
extension .cpp, .cp, or .c.
• The source code of a C++ program is
stored on the disk with file extension .
• Any text editor be used to write and edit
C++ source code
2. Text Editor
This is a type of computer program
that has an interface, menus,
dialogue boxes and different options
to write your desired code.
3. Compiler
C++ compiler translates a source
program into the machine code.
Machine code is called object code, which
is stored in a new file with extension obj.
The Object code is linked to the libraries.
After linking an executable file with
extension exe is created
Programming Language Generations
Generations of programming languages are categorized
into 5 categories
First Generation of programming Language or
1GL
string of 0s and 1s
Second Generation of programming Language or
2GL
sometimes called Assembly language
e.g. ADD 12, 8
An assembler converts the assembly language
statements into machine language.
Programming Language Generations
Third Generation of Programming
Language or 3GL
Called High-Level programming languages
such as C/C++, Pascal or Java etc
Near to English
Compiled type languages i.e. C/C++,
Pascal, COBOL and Fortran etc
Interpreter based languages i.e. QBasic,
GW-Basic and Visual Basic etc are 3GL.
Programming Language
Generations
Fourth Generation of Programming
Language or 4GL
designed to be closer to natural language
than a 3GL.
for accessing databases are often described
as 4GLs
e.g.
SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE SALARY >
$7000
Fifth Generation of Programming
Language or 5GL
use a visual or graphical development
interface to create source language
IBM, Microsoft, Borland etc
Visual Studio.NET, JBuilder, NetBeans etc.
TASK
1. 1GL was dealing with 3. 4GL was dealing
__________. with ____________.
2. High Level Language is
___________.
4. What is a
PROGRAM?
