PRE-

CALCULUS
FOR
BUSINESS
GMTH 181B
Lecture 8
Linear
 Conte
1. nts
Introduction

2. Linear Equations vsLinear

Inequalities

3. Solving Systems of

Linear Equations

Graphically
8.1
Introduction

3
8.1
Introduction
• Linear Programming is a method for
solving problems in which a
particular quantity that must be
maximized or minimized is limited by
some factors
• It is one of the most widely used
tools in management science to
make business decisions
• It helps businesses allocate
4
resources to manufacture products
8.2 Linear Equations
vs Linear
Inequalities

5
8.2 Linear Equations
vs Linear
Inequalities

6
8.2 Linear Equations
vs Linear
Inequalities

7
8.3 Solving Systems
of Linear
Inequalities
Graphically

8
8.3 Solving Systems
of Linear
Inequalities
• Steps to graph the solution of a
Graphically
linear inequality :

• Rewrite the inequality in the y = mx

+ b form
• Graph the line
• If the inequality has < or > symbols,
use a dashed line for the graph
• If the inequality has  or  symbols,
(0,use a solid line for the graph 9
8.3 Solving Systems
of Linear
Inequalities
• Steps to graph the solution of a
Graphically
linear inequality (continued) :

• Substitute the x and y values of

the test points into the
inequality

• If the inequality is true at the

testpoint, shade the area that
contains the test point
10

• If the inequality is false, shade the

8.3 Solving Systems
of Linear
Inequalities
• Example :
Graphically
• Sketch 𝒚 ≤ 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐 on the xy
plane

line 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐 :
• Find
b x two points
y = on the
4x+ 2 straight
Point

• 0 y = 4 (0) + 2 = (0, 2)
2

0.5 y = 4 (0.5) +2 = (0.5, 4)

4 11
8.3 Solving Systems
of Linear
Inequalities
• Exampl
e : Graphically y
• Graph the

• 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐
line :

• Points : (0, 2) and

(0.5, 4)
• Choose a test point Test
point
x

: (0, 0) (0,0)

12
8.3 Solving Systems
of Linear
Inequalities
• Exampl
e : Graphically y
• Choose a test point :
(0, 0)
• Substitute x and y
values into the

• 𝒚 ≤ 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐
inequality :
x

• 0  4 (0) + 2
• 0  0 +2
• 0  2 = true 13

• Shade the side of

8.3 Solving Systems
of Linear
Inequalities
• Note
: Graphically y
• If the inequality
was in the form :

• 𝒚 < 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐

x
• Follow the
previous steps, but
represent the
straight line as a 14

dashed line
8.4 Linear
Inequalities

15
8.4 Linear
Inequalities
• Example 1 :
• Solve the following system of

• 𝒙 +𝒚 ≥ 𝟔
linear equalities graphically :

• 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
•

16
8.4 Linear
Inequalities
• Example 1 :
• Solve the following system of

• 𝒙 +𝒚 ≥ 𝟔
linear equalities graphically :

• 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
• Plot the points :

17
8.4 Linear
Inequalities
• Example 1 :
• Solve the following system of

• 𝒙 +𝒚 ≥ 𝟔
linear equalities graphically :

• 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
• Note the test points :
• Note the overlap :

18
8.4 Linear
Inequalities

19
8.4 Linear
Inequalities
• Example 2 :
• Solve the system of linea
following r
inequalities and the corn
graphically find er

• 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟐𝟐
points :
• 𝟐 +𝟓 ≤ 𝟓
• 𝒙
𝒙 + 𝒚𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟑𝟎
• 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
• 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎

20
8.4 Linear
Inequalities
• Example 2 :
• Solve the following system
of linear inequalities
graphically and find the corner
points :
•

21
8.4 Linear
Inequalities
• Example
2: followin system of linea
• Solve g r
the

𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟑
inequalit graphica and the corn
• ies lly find er
• 𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚 ≤ 𝟓
• 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 𝟐𝟐
points :
𝒙 𝟎
≤
• 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
• 𝒚 ≥ the
Plot 𝟎
points :
22
8.4 Linear
Inequalities
• Example 2 :
• Solve the following system
of linear inequalities
graphically and find the corner

𝒙 + +𝒚 ≤
• 𝟐𝒙 𝒚 𝟏𝟑
≤ 𝟐𝟐
points :

• 𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚 ≤ 𝟓
𝒙 𝟎
• 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
• Note the
overlap :
23
8.4 Linear
Inequalities
• Example 2 :
• Solve the following system
of linear inequalities
graphically and find the corner

𝒙 + +𝒚 ≤
• 𝟐𝒙 𝒚 𝟏𝟑
≤ 𝟐𝟐
points :

• 𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚 ≤ 𝟓
𝒙 𝟎
• 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
•• 𝒚 Locate
≥ 𝟎 the
corner points
: 24
8.4 Linear
Inequalities
• Example 2 :
• Solve the following system
of linear inequalities
graphically and find the corner
points :
•

25
8.4 Linear
Inequalities

26
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming
Problem

27
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem

• 𝒛 = 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚
• Maximize and Minimize :

• This is known as the "cost-

profit function"

• Subject to :
• 𝒙
𝒙 +𝒚𝟑𝒚≤ 𝟏 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
+ 𝟎
•

• 𝒙 𝟎

𝒚 𝟎
28

•
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem

𝒛 = 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚
• Maximize and Minimize :
•
•
𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
Subject to :
•
𝒙 +𝒚 ≤
𝒙  𝟎 𝟏𝟎
•

𝒚 𝟎
•
•
• Solve the above system of
linear inequalities graphically, find
the maximum
corner points,
and from
and calculate
minimum profit corner the
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem
• Solve system of linear

• 𝒙
𝒙 +𝒚𝟑𝒚≤ 𝟏 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
inequalities :

+ 𝟎
•

• 𝒙 𝟎

• 𝒚 𝟎


30
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem
• Solve system of linear

• 𝒙
𝒙 +𝒚𝟑𝒚≤ 𝟏 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
inequalities :

+ 𝟎
•

• 𝒙 𝟎

• 𝒚 𝟎
• Plot the
points :


31
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem
• Solve system of linear

• 𝒙
𝒙 +𝒚𝟑𝒚≤ 𝟏 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
inequalities :

+ 𝟎
•

• 𝒙 𝟎

• 𝒚 𝟎
• Note the
overlap :


32
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem
• Solve system of linear

• 𝒙
𝒙 +𝒚𝟑𝒚≤ 𝟏 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
inequalities :

+ 𝟎
•

• 𝒙 𝟎

• 𝒚 𝟎
• Locate the
corner
 points
:

33
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem
• Solve system of linear

• 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
inequalities :

• 𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟎
•

34
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem
• Solve system of linear

• 𝒙
𝒙 +𝒚𝟑𝒚≤ 𝟏 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
inequalities :

+ 𝟎
•

• 𝒙 𝟎

• 𝒚 𝟎
• Note the
overlap :


35
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem
• Solve system of linear

• 𝒙
𝒙 +𝒚𝟑𝒚≤ 𝟏 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
inequalities :

+ 𝟎
•

• 𝒙 𝟎

• 𝒚 𝟎
• Locate the
corner
 points
:

36
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem

37
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem

38
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming Problem

39
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming
Problem : Summary
• Steps to solve a linear programming
problem :

• Rewrite the inequality in the y = mx

+ b form
• Graph the line
• If the inequality has < or > symbols,
use a dashed line for the graph
• If the inequality has  or  symbols,
(0,use a solid line for the graph 5
4
8.5 Solving a Linear
Programming
Problem : Summary
• Steps to solve a linear
programming problem (continued) :

• Substitute the x and y values of

the test points into the
inequality
• If the inequality is true at the
testpoint, shade the area that
contains the test point
• If the inequality is false, shade the
opposite area 5
5