Do you know how to bake
brownies?
How do we learn to bake
brownies?
What is a recipe?
ALGORITHM &
FLOWCHART
At the end of the lesson, the
learners will be able to;
Identify the flowcharting symbols and
their uses.
Construct a simple flowchart for
simple programming problem.
Display accuracy in constructing a
flowchart for a programming problem.
ALGORITHM
• is a step by step procedure to solve logical and mathematical
problems
• A recipe is a good example of an algorithm because it tells
you what you need to do step by step. It takes inputs
(ingredients) and produces an output (the completed dish).
• The words 'algorithm' and 'algorism' come from the name of a
Persian mathematician called Al-Khwārizmī
• Informally, an algorithm can be called a "list of steps".
• Algorithms can be written in ordinary language.
• In computing, an algorithm is a precise list of operations that
could be done by a Turing machine. For the purpose of
computing, algorithms are written in pseudocode, flow
charts, or programming languages.
FLOWCHART
• is a type of diagram that represents a
workflow or process.
• can also be defined as a diagrammatic
representation of an algorithm, a step-
by-step approach to solving a task.
• are used in designing and
documenting simple processes or
programs.
COMMON SYMBOLS
• The American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) set standards for
flowcharts and their symbols in the
1960s.
• The International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) adopted the
ANSI symbols in 1970. The current
standard, ISO 5807, was revised in 1985.
• Generally, flowcharts flow from top to
Flowline (Arrow)
Shows the process's order of operation. A line coming from one
symbol and pointing at another.
Arrowheads are added if the flow is not the standard top-to-
bottom, left-to right.
Terminal
Indicates the beginning and ending of a program or sub-process
Represented as a stadium, oval or rounded (fillet) rectangle.
They usually contain the word "Start" or "End"
Process
Represents a set of operations that changes value, form, or
location of data.
Represented as a rectangle.
Decision
Shows a conditional operation that determines which one of the
two paths the program will take.
The operation is commonly a yes/no question or true/false test.
Represented as a diamond (rhombus).
Input/Output
Indicates the process of inputting and outputting data, as in
entering data or displaying results.
Represented as a parallelogram.
Predefined Process /
Function
Shows named process which is defined elsewhere.
Represented as a rectangle with double-struck vertical edges.
On Page Connector
Pairs of labeled connectors replace long or confusing lines on a
flowchart page.
Represented by a small circle with a letter inside.
Off Page Connector
A labeled connector for use when the target is on another page.
Represented as a home plate-shaped pentagon.
Preparation / Initialization
Represented by an elongated hexagon,
originally used for steps like setting a switch or initializing a
routine.
Datafile/Database
Data represented by a cylinder (disk drive).
Document
Single documents represented a rectangle with a wavy base.
Document
Multiple documents represented stacked rectangle with a wavy
base.
Manual Operation
represented by a trapezoid with the longest parallel side at the
top, to represent an operation or adjustment to process that
can only be made manually.
Manual Input
Represented by quadrilateral, with the top irregularly sloping up
from left to right, like the side view of a keyboard.
ACTIVITY
1. Create an algorithm and flowchart that
reads the two sides of a rectangle and
compute its area.
2. Create an algorithm and flowchart that
finds the largest number among three
different number.
