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    Celiac Disease

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    Marty Asis
    1. Celiac disease is a hereditary autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage of the small intestine lining, resulting in nutrient malabsorption. 2. It affects approximately 1 in 100 people in the United States. The only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet to avoid immune response and further intestinal damage. 3. Left untreated, celiac disease poses serious health risks like cancer and lymphoma, though following a strict gluten-free diet offers patients improved prognosis and quality of life.

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    Celiac Disease

    Uploaded by

    Marty Asis
    175 views15 pages
    1. Celiac disease is a hereditary autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage of the small intestine lining, resulting in nutrient malabsorption. 2. It affects approximately 1 in 100 people in the United States. The only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet to avoid immune response and further intestinal damage. 3. Left untreated, celiac disease poses serious health risks like cancer and lymphoma, though following a strict gluten-free diet offers patients improved prognosis and quality of life.

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    1. Celiac disease is a hereditary autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage of the small intestine lining, resulting in nutrient malabsorption. 2. It affects approximately 1 in 100 people in the United States. The only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet to avoid immune response and further intestinal damage. 3. Left untreated, celiac disease poses serious health risks like cancer and lymphoma, though following a strict gluten-free diet offers patients improved prognosis and quality of life.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    175 views15 pages

    Celiac Disease

    Uploaded by

    Marty Asis
    1. Celiac disease is a hereditary autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage of the small intestine lining, resulting in nutrient malabsorption. 2. It affects approximately 1 in 100 people in the United States. The only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet to avoid immune response and further intestinal damage. 3. Left untreated, celiac disease poses serious health risks like cancer and lymphoma, though following a strict gluten-free diet offers patients improved prognosis and quality of life.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    CELIAC DISEASE

    Berbano, Maria Lizabel M. Cabanero, Kathleen Rose R.

    Definition
    Coeliac Disease is a hereditary disorder of the immune system in which eating gluten leads to damage of the mucosa (lining) of the small intestine (small gut). This results in malabsorption of nutrients and vitamins. CD is the result of IgA and IgG antibody responses to gluten. It is important to differentiate between CD, mediated by IgA and IgG antibodies, and wheat allergy, which is mediated by IgE antibodies. It is thought to affect between 1 in 1,750 to 1 in 105 people in the United States.

    Other names
    celiac sprue non-tropical sprue endemic sprue gluten enteropathy gluten-sensitive enteropathy gluten intolerance

    Causes
    The exact cause of celiac disease is not known

    Risk Factors
    The list of risk factors mentioned for Celiac Disease in various sources includes: Family history of celiac Family history of autoimmune diseases Italian race - celiac is common in Italy and descendents.

    Signs and Symptoms


    Depending on the degree of malabsorption, the signs and symptoms of celiac disease vary among individuals, ranging from no symptoms, few or mild signs and symptoms, to many or severe signs and symptoms.

    1. weight loss 2. diarrhea 3. abdominal bloating 4. increased amounts of fat in the stool (steatorrhea). 5. azotorrhea (excessive discharge of nitrogenous substances in the feces or urine) 6. low D-xylose absorption 7. folate and iron malabsorption 8. anemia 9. osteomalacia

    Diagnostic exams
    1. Small intestinal biopsy
    It is considered the most accurate test for celiac disease. It is performed to assay enzyme activity or to identify infection or destruction of mucosa. Small intestinal biopsies can be obtained by performing an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). During an EGD, the doctor inserts a long, flexible viewing endoscope through the mouth and into the duodenum. A long, flexible biopsy instrument is then passed through a small channel in the endoscope to obtain samples of the intestinal lining of the duodenum. Multiple samples usually are obtained to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis. A pathologist then can examine the biopsies (under a microscope) for loss of villi and other characteristics of celiac disease such as increased numbers of lymphocytes.

    2. Lactose tolerance test


    Lactose tolerance tests measure the ability of your intestines to break down lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. How the Test is Performed Two common methods include: Lactose tolerance blood test Hydrogen breath test The hydrogen breath test is the preferred method. It measures the amount of hydrogen in the air you breathe out. You will be asked to breathe into a balloon-type container. Then, you will be asked to drink a flavored liquid containing lactose. Samples of your breath are collected at set time periods and the hydrogen level is checked. Normally, very little hydrogen is in your breath. But if your body has trouble breaking down and absorbing lactose, hydrogen levels increase. The lactose tolerance blood test looks for glucose in your blood. Your body creates glucose when lactose breaks down. For this test, several blood samples will be taken before and after you drink the lactose solution described above. For information on how a blood sample is obtained.

    3. D-xylose absorption tests


    The D-xylose absorption test measures the level of D-xylose, a type of sugar, in a blood or urine sample. This test is done to help diagnose problems that prevent the small intestine from absorbing nutrients in food. D-xylose is normally easily absorbed by the intestines. When problems with absorption occur, D-xylose is not absorbed by the intestines, and its level in blood and urine is low. Why It Is Done A test for D-xylose is done to: Check to see if malabsorption syndrome is causing symptoms, such as chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and weakness. A person with malabsorption syndrome is unable to absorb nutrients, vitamins, and minerals from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream. Find the cause of a child's failure to gain weight, especially when the child seems to be eating enough food.

    4. Complete blood cell count


    It is used to detect anemia and to determine malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies

    5. Specific antibody tests for celiac disease


    Elevated endomysial antibodies and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies have a greater than 95% chance of having celiac disease. Anti-gliadin antibodies levels are useful in monitoring the response to treatment because anti-gliadin antibody levels usually begin to fall within several months of successful treatment of celiac disease with a gluten free diet.

    6. Stool studies for quantitative and qualitative fat analysis


    Fat in a sample of stool placed on a glass slide can be stained with a dye (Sudan stain) to make the fat visible under the microscope as globules. Stool from patients with celiac disease often contains many stained globules of fat, and Sudan staining is a quick and easy screening test for increased amounts of fat in the stool (steatorrhea). To conclusively diagnose steatorrhea, however, stool is collected over a 72hour period, and the fat in the stool is chemically measured and quantified. Steatorrheic stools have abnormally high quantities of fat.

    Management
    There is no cure for celiac disease. No medication exists that will prevent damage or prevent the body from attacking the gut when gluten is present. The treatment of celiac disease is a gluten free diet. Patients with celiac disease vary in their tolerance of gluten; some patients can ingest small amounts of gluten without developing symptoms while others experience massive diarrhea with only minute amounts of gluten. The standard treatment calls for complete avoidance of gluten for life. The principles of a gluten free diet include:

    1. Avoid all foods made from wheat, rye, barley, and oats. Pay attention to processed foods that may contain gluten. Beware of tablets, capsules, and vitamin preparations that contain gluten. Avoid beer. 2. Avoid milk and other dairy products that contain lactose.

    Complications
    1. Cancer- Lymphoma tends to develop in adults who have had celiac disease for longer than 20-30 years. Symptoms of small intestinal lymphoma or carcinoma include anemia, bleeding into the intestine, abdominal pain, weight loss, fever, and small intestinal obstruction. 2. Ulcerative jejunoileitis - There are recurrent episodes of small intestinal ulcerations and formation of strictures (narrowing of the intestinal lumen). Small intestinal ulcerations and stricture formation can lead to intestinal bleeding, weight loss, abdominal pain, and intestinal obstruction. 3. Collagenous celiac disease

    Prognosis
    Celiac Disease is a lifelong disease. The prognosis for individuals with celiac disease who develop lymphoma, collagenous celiac disease, or jejunal ulcers is poor. Long-term survival (survival beyond 5 years) of patients with small intestinal lymphoma is estimated to be only 10%. Long-term survival for individuals with ulcerative jejunoileitis beyond 5 years is less than 50%.

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