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    Introduction To Genetics Unit 3

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    Vanee Gzz
    This document provides an introduction to genetics and key genetic concepts. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that laid the foundations of genetics. It defines important genetic terms like genes, alleles, traits, fertilization and hybrids. It describes Mendel's principles of inheritance including dominance, segregation and independent assortment. It also covers genetic crosses, Punnett squares, genotypes and phenotypes. Finally, it discusses additional genetic concepts such as incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and polygenic traits.

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    Introduction To Genetics Unit 3

    Uploaded by

    Vanee Gzz
    175 views19 pages
    This document provides an introduction to genetics and key genetic concepts. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that laid the foundations of genetics. It defines important genetic terms like genes, alleles, traits, fertilization and hybrids. It describes Mendel's principles of inheritance including dominance, segregation and independent assortment. It also covers genetic crosses, Punnett squares, genotypes and phenotypes. Finally, it discusses additional genetic concepts such as incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and polygenic traits.

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    Introduction to Genetics Unit 3

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    This document provides an introduction to genetics and key genetic concepts. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that laid the foundations of genetics. It defines important genetic terms like genes, alleles, traits, fertilization and hybrids. It describes Mendel's principles of inheritance including dominance, segregation and independent assortment. It also covers genetic crosses, Punnett squares, genotypes and phenotypes. Finally, it discusses additional genetic concepts such as incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and polygenic traits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    175 views19 pages

    Introduction To Genetics Unit 3

    Uploaded by

    Vanee Gzz
    This document provides an introduction to genetics and key genetic concepts. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that laid the foundations of genetics. It defines important genetic terms like genes, alleles, traits, fertilization and hybrids. It describes Mendel's principles of inheritance including dominance, segregation and independent assortment. It also covers genetic crosses, Punnett squares, genotypes and phenotypes. Finally, it discusses additional genetic concepts such as incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and polygenic traits.

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    Genetics

    Introduction to Genetics

    Gregor Mendel

    Genetics: the scientific study of heredity Gregor Mendel showed that the inheritance of these traits followed particular laws, which were named after him.

    Gregor Mendels experiments with peas laid the foundations of the science of genetics.

    Fertilization: process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell. Trait: a specific characteristic of an individual. Hybrids: offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

    An individuals characteristics are determined by factors that are passed from generation to the next.

    Genes: sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait; factor passed from parent to offspring. Chemical factors that determine traits.

    Alleles: different forms of a gene.

    #1 Principle of dominance States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

    Segregation: Separation of the alleles during gamete formation.

    #2 Principle of Segregation - The two factors for a characteristic separate during the formation of eggs and sperm.

    #3 The Principle of independent assortment states that genes from different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

    Probability: likehood that a particular event will occur The principle of probability: can be used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses.

    Punnett Square

    The gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross can be determined by drawing a diagram known as Punnett Square. Punnett Square can be used to predict and compare the genetic variations that will result from a cross.

    Homozygous: organism that have two identical alleles for a particular trait. Heterozygous: organism that have two different alleles for the same trait.

    Phenotype: physical characteristics. Genotype: genetic make up of an organism.

    Incomplete dominance: cases in which on allele is not completely dominant over another. Co dominance: refers to a relationship between two alleles of a gene. It occurs when the contributions of both alleles are visible in the phenotype.

    Multiple alleles: many genes have more than two alleles such as the ABO blood groups in humans. (Even though Any diploid individual can only have at most two alleles for any gene)

    Polygenic traits: controlled by two or more than genes at different loci or chromosomes

    The environmental conditions can affect gene expression an influence genetically determine traits.

    Homologous: it means that each of the 4 chromosomes that come from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent.

    Diploid: cell that contains both set of homologous chromosomes.

    Haploid: set that contain only a single set of chromosomes.

    Meiosis: produce sex cells by reducing their chromosomes number by half. Meiosis is important because it creates genetic variability in the gametes. Meiosis ll results in four haploid daughter cells.

    =Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis= Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells.

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