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    Agitation and Mixing

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    Mehran Rasheed Goraya
    This document discusses mixing in chemical engineering. It defines mixing and agitation and describes how mixing is used to homogenize mixtures, reduce viscosity and concentration, and promote heat and mass transfer. It also outlines different types of mixing mechanisms including laminar, turbulent, single phase liquid, gas-liquid, and solid mixing. Key aspects of mixing equipment like vessels, impellers, baffles, and agitators are summarized. Mixing is important in many industrial processes like chemical reactors, paint production, cement manufacturing, and fermentation.

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    Agitation and Mixing

    Uploaded by

    Mehran Rasheed Goraya
    1K views26 pages
    This document discusses mixing in chemical engineering. It defines mixing and agitation and describes how mixing is used to homogenize mixtures, reduce viscosity and concentration, and promote heat and mass transfer. It also outlines different types of mixing mechanisms including laminar, turbulent, single phase liquid, gas-liquid, and solid mixing. Key aspects of mixing equipment like vessels, impellers, baffles, and agitators are summarized. Mixing is important in many industrial processes like chemical reactors, paint production, cement manufacturing, and fermentation.

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    This document discusses mixing in chemical engineering. It defines mixing and agitation and describes how mixing is used to homogenize mixtures, reduce viscosity and concentration, and promote heat and mass transfer. It also outlines different types of mixing mechanisms including laminar, turbulent, single phase liquid, gas-liquid, and solid mixing. Key aspects of mixing equipment like vessels, impellers, baffles, and agitators are summarized. Mixing is important in many industrial processes like chemical reactors, paint production, cement manufacturing, and fermentation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views26 pages

    Agitation and Mixing

    Uploaded by

    Mehran Rasheed Goraya
    This document discusses mixing in chemical engineering. It defines mixing and agitation and describes how mixing is used to homogenize mixtures, reduce viscosity and concentration, and promote heat and mass transfer. It also outlines different types of mixing mechanisms including laminar, turbulent, single phase liquid, gas-liquid, and solid mixing. Key aspects of mixing equipment like vessels, impellers, baffles, and agitators are summarized. Mixing is important in many industrial processes like chemical reactors, paint production, cement manufacturing, and fermentation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 26

    Submitted To: Engr.

    Hamayoun Mehmood Submitted By: Mehran Rasheed Goraya 10043123-029 Department of Chemical Engineering University of Gujrat, pakistan

    Fluid Mechanics

    Introduction

    Agitation

    It is the induced motion of a material in a specified way, usually in a circulatory pattern in a container

    Mixing

    It is the field of pure chemical Engineering

    Mixing
    Mixing is the random distribution of material in different phases into another, forming a uniform homogenous phase.
    Homogeneous mixture
    Two component

    Mixing

    Reduce viscosity, concentration etc

    Promote Heat and Mass transfer

    Chemical Reaction involve

    Types of Mixing
    Single Phase liquid Mixing Gas Liquid Mixing Immiscible Liquids

    Mixing
    Solid-Solid Mixing

    Liquid Solids Mixing

    Examples

    Single phase Liquid Mixing Immiscible Liquid Mixing

    Blending of Petroleum Products Mechanical Agitation

    Production of stable emulsion in food, brewing, Pharmaceutical industry

    Gas Liquid Mixing

    Aerobic fermentation, waste water treatment, oxidation of hydrocarbon etc require gas liquid contact

    Liquid solid Mixing

    Formation of Composite material (Polymer) Carbon Black into Rubber

    Mixing Mechanism

    Requirement for Mixing: There must be bulk flow so that there are no dead zones. There must be a zone of high shear mixing in which the inhomogenities are broken down.

    Mixing Mechanism

    Laminar Mixing

    Turbulent Mixing
    7

    It is associated with the high viscosity liquid (>10 N s/m2) for either newtonian or non newtonian fluid. The velocity gradient close to impeller are high. Fluid element in that region deform and stretch. They repeatedly elongate and become thinner each time the fluid pass through the high shear zone.

    In addition, extensional flow elongational flow also occur simultaneously. It is the result of convergence of stream line and also increased velocity in direction of flow. Both these mechanism (shear and elongation) produce stresses which reduce droplet size and increase interfacial area by which desired homogeneity is obtained.

    For low viscosity liquid (< 10 mN s/m2) the bulk flow pattern in vessels is turbulent.

    Due to impeller inertia, turbulent eddy diffusion takes place, which is maximum near the impeller. Due to eddy diffusion turbulent mixing is faster than laminar.
    Mixing is rapid in impeller region because of high shear rate due to the presence of vortices. Large eddies are broken down into the small one and ultimately disappear converting kinetic energy into heat. Due to eddies homogeneity takes place.

    10

    The propeller creates an axial flow which may be upward or downward depends upon the direction of rotation. The radial flow pattern can be achieved by the disc turbine. Propeller mixer Disc Turbine mixer

    11

    The way of liquid moves depends upon, the type of impeller characteristics of liquid, especially its viscosity, size and proportion of the tank and baffles etc. The liquid velocity at any point has three component
    radial, longitudinal, and tangential or rotational

    When shaft is in the centre than the vortices are formed due to tangential flow, which is called swirling.

    Degree of Agitation is reduced

    12

    Prevention from Swirling


    To improve the mixing and to reduce the vortex formation

    Baffles are fitted in the tank

    To mount the agitator , off center

    13

    Mixing Equipment
    Mixing Equipment involve

    Vessels
    Mechanical Agitation

    Baffles

    Impellers

    Axial flow impeller

    Radial Flow impeller

    14

    Agitated Vessel

    Stirred tanks vary in proportion depending on the purpose for mixing. D4.6 m tank diameter restriction.

    Liquid height to vessel diameter H/D 1

    15

    Impeller

    Components of Impeller

    propeller
    High Efficiency impeller

    Turbine

    Axial, high speed Impeller


    To provide more uniform axial flow and better mixing

    Axial and Tangential motion no vertical motion

    16

    17

    Power Number

    Reynolds number
    It represent the ratio of the applied to the opposing viscous drag forces.

    18

    Froude Number for mixing


    It represent the ration of the applied to the opposing gravitational forces.

    Weber Number for mixing


    it represent the ratio of the applied to the opposing surface tension forces

    19

    Following are the mixing challenges in chemical industries


    Producing stable emulsions Disintegrating and Dissolving solids Blending liquid of different viscosities To increase the reaction acceleration

    Deagglomeration to avoid lumps


    Control rate of heat and mass transfer

    20

    Power consumption
    Impeller RPM

    Impeller Diameter

    21

    Chemical Reactor

    Paint Industry
    Cement Industry

    Fermentation Industry
    Food Industry Pharmaceutical Industry And so on..

    22

    The first step in making paint involve mixing of resin, solvents and additives to form paste. Sand mill a large cylinder that agitates tiny particle of sand to grind the pigment particle. Making smaller, to disperse through out mixture. Dispersion tank contain circular tooth blade.

    23

    It is vessel designed for chemical reaction.

    It contain agitator blade.

    24

    Pharmaceutical Mixer

    25

    Unit operation of chemical engineering by McCabe and Smith 7th Edition Chemical Engineering by Coulson and Richardson volume 1st , 6th edition Mixing in process Industry by

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