The Women of World War I — Part I
Before The Great War, working class women were not new to factory work. There was, however, a division between women's and men's jobs. After war was declared, women increasingly took on the men's jobs to fill the gap left when men were recruited as soldiers. With munitions factories producing for the war effort, there were even more jobs for women to fill – many of them dangerous and requiring significant physical strength.
While the fashion plates were still catering to the well-to-do, the war did influence women's fashion in consequential and lasting ways.
Clothing became more sensible. Gone were the restricting undergarments of past eras. Clothing was more tailored and most significantly, hemlines rose to several inches above the ankle.
In Britain women joined the Voluntary Aid Detachment and Queen Alexandra’s Royal Army Nursing Corps. In the USA, the Marine Corps Women’s Reserve, and the special women’s battalions on the Russian Front.
In rural areas women were called to duty to perform an assortment of farm work and chores that had been previously done by the men who went to war. In the image on the right, a catalog page displays styles of overalls and briches particularly suited to outdoor work.
Above are two very different roles that women took during WW I. The Women's Motor Corps of the American Red Cross was largely made up of wealthy women who had the means of access to an automobile and learned to drive. The munitions factory girls on the other hand, worked at physically demanding, dangerous work and likely came from modest means. The latter were called "Canary Girls" because the exposure to TNT caused a yellowing of the skin. They faced not only safety but als9 health hazards, for very low wages.
Flora Lion (British/English, 1878-1958) • Women's Canteen at Phoenix Works, Bradford, England • 1918
Flora Lion, an established society portrait artist, was commissioned by the Ministry of Information to complete two large paintings showing factory scenes during the First World War.
Stay tuned for Part II...
Sources: French History Podcast, Imperial War Museum, Wikipedia, American Red Cross, BBC.com