Thesis Chapters by Caroline Schneider
Frontiers in Psychology, Jan 2021
This article documents experiences of Glasgow Improvisers Orchestra’s virtual, synchronous improv... more This article documents experiences of Glasgow Improvisers Orchestra’s virtual, synchronous improvisation sessions during COVID-19 pandemic via interviews with 29 participants. Sessions included an international, gender balanced, and cross generational group of over 70 musicians all of whom were living under conditions of social distancing. All sessions were recorded using Zoom software. After 3 months of twice weekly improvisation sessions, 29 interviews with participants were undertaken, recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Key themes include how the sessions provided opportunities for artistic development, enhanced mood, reduced feelings of isolation, and sustained and developed community. Particular attention is placed upon how improvisation as a universal, real time, social, and collaborative process facilitates interaction, allowing the technological affordances of software (latencies, sound quality, and gallery/speaker view) and hardware (laptop, tablet, instruments, microphones, headphones, and objects in room) to become emergent properties of artistic collaborations. The extent to which this process affects new perceptual and conceptual breakthroughs for practitioners is discussed as is the crucial and innovative relationship between audio and visual elements. Analysis of edited films of the sessions highlight artistic and theoretical and conceptual issues discussed. Emphasis is given to how the domestic environment merges with technologies to create The Theatre of Home.
This exegesis examines influences, processes and idiosyncrasies in musical improvisation in a jaz... more This exegesis examines influences, processes and idiosyncrasies in musical improvisation in a jazz context, identified through analysis and observation of selected, recorded performances by the author. It is a practice-based research project with two objectives, the first to uncover degrees to which pre-learnt skills and idiosyncratic creations occur and interact in music-making, and the second to contribute to the body of knowledge in spontaneous improvised music research: an area of the art which at this time is beginning to invite intense enquiry.
It is argued that deep investigation into one's own playing, complemented by critical contemplation, offers insights into improvised performance that can add a significant dimension to the analysis and observations made by other people.
Notwithstanding the limitations of traditional musical notation, transcriptions examined in this study show clearly influences both from past learning and from musicians who continue to have a powerful influence - consciously and sub-consciously - on the author's playing and thought processes in music. While formal study with influential figures (players and teachers) is important, underpinning the whole learning process is the aural comprehension of sounds; the end musical product being recorded performances submitted here as the primary source.
The insights gained through this reflective self-examination suggests that not only is it a practice of great worth from a personal perspective, but also offers a model for others who wish to remain alert to the quality of their own musical output, and the measure, as far as it is possible, of their creativity.
Papers by Caroline Schneider
The uninsured rate has increased from 2016 to 2019 and due to the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020 and u... more The uninsured rate has increased from 2016 to 2019 and due to the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020 and unemployment, that number has likely jumped. Health care has proven to be costly, and the uninsured/underinsured population is viewed as a vulnerable population in the community due to a financial barrier or unemployed status that hinders their ability to receive the health care they need. It is proven that the uninsured/underinsured are more likely to forgo preventative care due to financial reasons. In addition, because the uninsured/underinsured are more likely to forgo preventative care they are more likely to be hospitalized with avoidable conditions and also do not receive the services or care for major health conditions and chronic diseases. Prevention is cheaper than maintenance of chronic conditions. Maintenance of chronic conditions may require additional resources that prove to be costly for the individual and the health care systems. Therefore the uninsured/underinsured impact...
Physical Therapy, 2019
Background Medicaid spending on the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) has grow... more Background Medicaid spending on the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) has grown rapidly over the last 5 years. Reducing hospitalization rates is a major goal for PACE. However, there is a paucity of research evaluating the relationship between impaired physical performance and hospitalizations in PACE. Objective This study tested whether physical therapist–assessed physical performance, measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), can be used to identify participants in PACE at risk for all-cause hospitalizations or potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAH). Design This was a retrospective cohort study of 1093 participants in PACE facilities in the Denver, Colorado, area. Methods Data were acquired from linked electronic medical record data and hospitalization claims. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between SPPB scores and the probabilities of both all-cause hospitalizations...
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2003
Dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra undergo a developmental cell death event that is bi... more Dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra undergo a developmental cell death event that is biphasic, with peaks just after birth and at postnatal day 14. As envisioned by neurotrophic theory, this cell death is likely to be regulated by target interactions because it is augmented by their disruption. However, the nature of the trophic molecules mediating this regulation are unknown. We showedin vitrothat glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is able to suppress apoptotic death in DA neurons in postnatal primary culture. We now demonstratein vivothat administration of GDNF into the striatal target is able to suppress apoptosis. Consistent with a possible physiologic role for endogenous striatal GDNF in regulating this event, two anti-GDNF neutralizing antibodies augment cell death. These antibodies augment cell death only during the first (immediately postnatal) phase of the biphasic death event. We conclude that GDNF is the leading candidate for a target-derived neu...
The Journal of Neuroscience, 1996
Weaveris a spontaneous mutation in mice characterized by the postnatal loss of external granule c... more Weaveris a spontaneous mutation in mice characterized by the postnatal loss of external granule cells in the cerebellum and dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain, especially in the substantia nigra. We have shown previously that natural cell death with the morphology of apoptosis occurs in the substantia nigra of normal rodents during postnatal development. We therefore sought to determine whether the loss of dopaminergic neurons in homozygous weaver mice occurs during the period of natural cell death in the substantia nigra and whether it has the morphology of apoptosis. We have found, using a silver stain technique, that although apoptotic cell death does occur early postnatally in homozygous weaver substantia nigra, it also does so with equal magnitude in wild-type and heterozygous weaver littermates. Unique to homozygous weavers is the occurrence of degenerating neurons in the nigra that are not apoptotic. These degenerating neurons are observed at postnatal day 7, and they are m...
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per res... more Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
This praCticum report describes the development and implementation of a teacher evaluation system... more This praCticum report describes the development and implementation of a teacher evaluation system at Eisenhower Elementary School in Pinellas County, Florida. The evaluation spstem developed was designed to address the goals of team teaching and individualized instruction.-The system is intended to evaluate teacher performance in three areas, including 1) teacher-pupil interaction, 2) utilization of resources, and 3) teacher-team interaction. The appendix contains copies of various teacher evaluation forms developed during the course of the practicum.
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems part 1 - AAMAS '02, 2002
Inspired by recent work in ethology and animal training, we integrate representations for time an... more Inspired by recent work in ethology and animal training, we integrate representations for time and rate into a behaviorbased architecture for autonomous virtual creatures. The resulting computational model of affect and action selection allows creatures to discover and refine their understanding of apparent temporal causality relationships which may or may not involve self-action. The fundamental action selection choice that a creature must make in order to satisfy its internal needs is whether to explore, react or exploit. In this architecture, that choice is informed by an understanding of apparent temporal causality, the representation for which is integrated into the representation for action. The ability to accommodate changing ideas about causality allows the creature to exist in and adapt to a dynamic world. Not only is such a model suitable for computational systems, but its derivation from biological models suggests that it may also be useful for gaining a new perspective on learning in biological systems. The implementation of a complete character built using this architecture is able to reproduce a variety of conditioning phenomena, as well as learn in real-time using a training technique used with live animals.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, Jan 16, 2008
There is extensive evidence that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade me... more There is extensive evidence that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade mediates programmed cell death in neurons. However, current evidence that the mixed linage kinases (MLKs), upstream in this cascade, mediate cell death is based, in the in vivo context, entirely on pharmacological approaches. The compounds used in these studies have neither complete specificity nor selectivity among these kinases. Therefore, to better address the molecular specificity of the MLKs in mediating neuron death, we used dominant-negative constructs delivered by AAV (adenoassociated virus) vector transfer. We assessed effects in a neurotoxin model of parkinsonism, in which neuroprotection by pharmacologic MLK inhibition has been reported. We find that two dominant-negative forms of dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) inhibit apoptosis and enhance long-term survival of dopamine neurons, but a dominant negative of MLK3 does not. Interestingly, the kinase-dead form of DLK not only bloc...
Cognitive Technologies, 2004
Medicine and health, Rhode Island, 2005
What this essay sets out to argue is for inclusion of futures studies within business studies as ... more What this essay sets out to argue is for inclusion of futures studies within business studies as a way of broadening the primarily economics discourse business schools are required to have. This can balance humani- ty's needs for societal transformation with the organisation's needs for organisational transformation through an inclusive integral leadership approach. Indeed, are the two different?
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2004
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to protect and restore dopamine... more Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to protect and restore dopamine (DA) neurons in injury models and is being evaluated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, little is known of its physiological role. We have shown that GDNF suppresses apoptosis in DA neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) postnatally bothin vitroand during their first phase of natural cell deathin vivo. Furthermore, intrastriatal injection of neutralizing antibodies augments cell death, suggesting that endogenous GDNF plays a role as a target-derived factor. Such a role would predict that overexpression of GDNF in striatum would increase the surviving number of SN DA neurons. To test this hypothesis, we used the tetracycline-dependent transcription activator (tTA)/tTA-responsive promoter system to create mice that overexpress GDNF selectively in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus. These mice demonstrate an increased number of SN DA neurons after the first phase ...
Molecular Psychiatry, 2005
A recent study using a 'partial' rodent model of schizophrenia has employed amygdalar activation ... more A recent study using a 'partial' rodent model of schizophrenia has employed amygdalar activation to induce reported changes in the expression of hippocampal genes associated with metabolic and signaling pathways in response to amygdalar activation. The amygdalohippocampal pathway plays a central role in the regulation of the stress response and emotional learning. In the current study, we have performed a chromosome mapping analysis to determine whether genes showing changes in response to environmental stress may form clusters and, if so, whether they might show a topographical association with linkage sites for schizophrenia. When the hippocampal genes showing changes in expression were topographically mapped on specific rat chromosomes, significant clustering was observed on chromosomes 1, 4 and 8, although chromosome 1 showed the largest amount of clustering. When these same rodent genes were mapped to human chromosomes, most of the genes found on chromosome 1 in rat mapped to chromosome 11 in human. The vast majority of the genes showing changes in regulation were excluded from known linkage sites for schizophrenia. Based on these findings, we postulate that environmental factors may contribute to the endophenotype for schizophrenia through the activation and/or deactivation of specific genetic clusters, ones that do not appear to be directly associated with susceptibility genes for this disorder.
Lung, 2008
Study Objectives-While sarcoidosis generally inflicts a greater morbidity on African-American com... more Study Objectives-While sarcoidosis generally inflicts a greater morbidity on African-American compared with Caucasian patients, no studies have examined whether racial differences exist in the intensity of the histologic hallmark of sarcoidosis, noncaseating granulomas. Design and Setting-The study was conducted as a retrospective case series in a tertiary referral center. Patients-The study included 187 patients with histopathologic confirmation of sarcoidosis by trans-and/or endobronchial biopsy between July 1991 and December 2001. Measurements and Results-Granuloma density was the average number of granulomas per biopsy piece on the slide with the most intense granulomatous inflammation at fourfold magnification. Overall, African-American patients had a twofold greater median granuloma density than Caucasians (p = 0.005). In a negative binomial multivariate model, radiographic pattern had the strongest association with granuloma density, with Scadding stage II and III patients having adjusted granuloma densities of 60% (p = 0.005) and 105% (p = 0.0001) higher than stage I patients. In the specific-tissue types, radiographic stage-adjusted granuloma densities in African-American patients were 49% greater in bronchial tissue (p = 0.03), but only a 27% greater in alveolar tissue (p = 0.51). Conclusions-A greater granuloma density in bronchiolar lung tissue of African-American sarcoidosis patients may explain racial differences in diagnostic yield by lung biopsy and disease
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2010
For many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, there is evidence that the dis... more For many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, there is evidence that the disease first affects axons and terminals of neurons that are selectively vulnerable. This would suggest that it may be possible to forestall progression by targeting the cellular mechanisms of axon degeneration. While it is now clear that these mechanisms are distinct from the pathways of programmed cell death, they are less well known. Compelling evidence of the distinctiveness of these mechanisms has derived from studies of the Wld S mutation, which confers resistance to axon degeneration. Little is known about how this mutation affects degeneration in dopaminergic axons, those that are affected in Parkinson's disease. We have characterized the Wld S phenotype in these axons in four models of injury: two that utilize the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine or axotomy to induce anterograde degeneration, and two that use these methods to induce retrograde degeneration. For both 6hydroxydopamine and axotomy, Wld S provides protection from anterograde, but not retrograde degeneration. This protection is observed as preserved immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase in axons and striatum, and by structural integrity visualized by GFP in tyrosine hydroxylase-GFP mice. Therefore, Wld S offers axon protection, but it reveals fundamentally different processes underlying antero-and retrograde degeneration in this system.
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2002
Programmed cell death has been proposed to play a role in the death of neurons in acute and chron... more Programmed cell death has been proposed to play a role in the death of neurons in acute and chronic degenerative neurologic disease. There is now evidence that the caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, mediate programmed cell death in various cells. In neurons, caspase-3 (CPP32/Yama/apopain), in particular, has been proposed to play a role. We examined the expression of caspase-3 in three models of programmed cell death affecting neurons of the substantia nigra in the rat: natural developmental neuron death and induced developmental death following either striatal target injury with quinolinic acid or dopamine terminal lesion with intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. Using an antibody to the large (p17) subunit of activated caspase-3, we have found that activated enzyme is expressed in apoptotic profiles in all models. Increased p17 immunostaining correlated with increased enzyme activity. The subcellular distribution of activated caspase-3 differed among the models: In natural cell death and the target injury model, it was strictly nuclear, whereas in the toxin model, it was also cytoplasmic. We conclude that p17 immunostaining is a useful marker for programmed cell death in neurons of the substantia nigra.
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Thesis Chapters by Caroline Schneider
It is argued that deep investigation into one's own playing, complemented by critical contemplation, offers insights into improvised performance that can add a significant dimension to the analysis and observations made by other people.
Notwithstanding the limitations of traditional musical notation, transcriptions examined in this study show clearly influences both from past learning and from musicians who continue to have a powerful influence - consciously and sub-consciously - on the author's playing and thought processes in music. While formal study with influential figures (players and teachers) is important, underpinning the whole learning process is the aural comprehension of sounds; the end musical product being recorded performances submitted here as the primary source.
The insights gained through this reflective self-examination suggests that not only is it a practice of great worth from a personal perspective, but also offers a model for others who wish to remain alert to the quality of their own musical output, and the measure, as far as it is possible, of their creativity.
Papers by Caroline Schneider
It is argued that deep investigation into one's own playing, complemented by critical contemplation, offers insights into improvised performance that can add a significant dimension to the analysis and observations made by other people.
Notwithstanding the limitations of traditional musical notation, transcriptions examined in this study show clearly influences both from past learning and from musicians who continue to have a powerful influence - consciously and sub-consciously - on the author's playing and thought processes in music. While formal study with influential figures (players and teachers) is important, underpinning the whole learning process is the aural comprehension of sounds; the end musical product being recorded performances submitted here as the primary source.
The insights gained through this reflective self-examination suggests that not only is it a practice of great worth from a personal perspective, but also offers a model for others who wish to remain alert to the quality of their own musical output, and the measure, as far as it is possible, of their creativity.