Thesis Chapters by Hannes Schiel
Pieler/P. Trebsche (Hrsg.), Beiträge zum Tag der Niederösterreichischen Landesarchäologie 2019, 2019
Das in den Jahren zwischen 1913 und 1974 ausgegrabene latènezeitliche Gräberfeld von Neunkirchen ... more Das in den Jahren zwischen 1913 und 1974 ausgegrabene latènezeitliche Gräberfeld von Neunkirchen liegt in der nordwestlichen Vorstadt der Bezirkshauptstadt des gleichnamigen Bezirks und beinhaltet 22 Bestattungen in 21 Gräbern und weist zwei verschiedene Bestattungsformen, die über drei verschiedene Belegungsperioden hinweg laufen auf. Die Gräber 6, 7, 8, 9 , 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17/18, 19, 20, 21 und 22 sind Körperbestattungen und datieren in die Phase Latène B1. Die Bestatteten dieser Gräber wurden in einer SO-NW Orientierung, in gestreckter Rückenlage, in ihrer Tracht und mit Speise- und Trankbeigaben beigesetzt.
Die Gräber 15 und 16 sind Brandbestattungen in Form von Urnengräbern, die in die Phase Latène B1/B2 bis B2 datieren und die zwischen den Hügelgräbern lokalisiert wurden. Die übrigen Brandgräber, Gräber 1 bis 5, datieren in die Übergangsphase Latène B2/C1 und wurden nordöstlich der anderen Gräber, zumeist ohne Urne, in einem gesonderten Cluster angelegt.
Diese längere Belegungsdauer lässt darauf schließen, dass es mehr Gräber als die bis heute entdeckten gibt. Dennoch sind es insgesamt zu wenig Gräber, um als für die Gesamtheit der im Raum Neunkirchen lebenden Latènebevölkerung repräsentativ gelten zu können.
Papers by Hannes Schiel
The latène burial sight of Neunkirchen is located in the north-western suburbs of the district... more The latène burial sight of Neunkirchen is located in the north-western suburbs of the district's capital city Neunkirchen. It shows two different types of sepulchre rites in three different chronological periods. The first burial phase is dominated by inhumation graves and dates in the Latène Phase B1. In this period the dead were buried with their grave goods next to them in a SE-NW orientated and straight supine position. The lined up sepulchres were built by wooden chambers superposed with a layer of quarry stones and an earth mound. The second and third phase are dominated by cremation graves. The second phase graves 15 and 16 are urn burial rite graves and date in the Latène B1/B2 to B2 period. The cremation burials (graves 1 to 5) of the third phase are clustered in the NE of the barrows and date into the Latène B2/C1 period. So the latène burial sight of Neunkirchen was used for a longer term which shows that there must be more graves than discovered yet, but this is stil...
Les matériaux composites joueront un rôle essentiel dans le développement de systèmes de conversi... more Les matériaux composites joueront un rôle essentiel dans le développement de systèmes de conversion d'énergie marine renouvelable, et pour cette application compte tenu des contraintes liées à la maintenance une excellente durabilité à long terme s'avère indispensable. On dispose d'une bonne expérience de ces matériaux en milieu marin, et pour des applications, telles les éoliennes, où ils sont soumis à un chargement cyclique, mais on ne trouve que très peu d'informations sur leur comportement sous sollicitation cyclique dans l'eau de mer. Cet article adresse cette lacune, et présente les résultats d'une étude du comportement sous chargement quasi-statique et cyclique de composites renforcés de différentes fibres de verre dans l'eau de mer. Pour ces conditions de chargement couplé, le type de fibre, la résine et l'interface fibre/matrice influent tous sur la durée de vie.
Between 2016 and 2018, two large-scale geophysical survey campaigns were conducted at Pliska, the... more Between 2016 and 2018, two large-scale geophysical survey campaigns were conducted at Pliska, the first Early Medieval capital of Bulgaria (7th – 11th century AD). The aim was to document yet unknown archaeological remains, mainly in the central Inner City of Pliska, to achieve a better understanding of the urban layout and the successive construction phases of the entire settlement.The magnetic survey was conducted with a motorised Fluxgate magnetometer system, while the ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey was mainly conducted using a motorised four-channel 250 MHz GPR array. The integrated archaeological interpretation of the prospection data yielded countless newly discovered structures in the city centre, as well as several semi-urban settlements within the surveyed areas of the vast Outer City of Pliska.The results lead to a more detailed understanding and depiction of the historical development of the Inner City during its capital- and post-capital phases of use, while the d...
Remote Sensing, 2021
The Benedictine Convent of Saint John at Müstair is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the e... more The Benedictine Convent of Saint John at Müstair is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the eastern part of Switzerland close to South Tyrol’s border (Italy). Known as a well-preserved Carolingian building complex housing Carolingian and Romanesque frescoes, the convent has received much academic attention. However, all research activities so far have been concentrated on the area enclosed by the convent’s walls, even though the neighbouring fields to the east and south are also part of the convent’s property. This paper reports on the archaeological magnetic and ground-penetrating radar surveys of these areas, executed as part of a pilot project exploring the convent’s immediate environment. At present, these fields are used for agriculture and located on a massive alluvial fan of the mountain stream Valgarola. Dense geophysical sampling revealed an intricate network of distributary channels with stream and mudflow deposits, constituting a natural border of the convent’s territ...
Archaeologia Austriaca, 2020
For many decades the villa maritima of Vižula had been considered as one of the largest of its ki... more For many decades the villa maritima of Vižula had been considered as one of the largest of its kind in Istria, Croatia. In order to prove this theory, large-scale archaeological prospection was applied in Vižula from 2014 onwards, including geophysics (Ground Penetrating Radar) and remote sensing (Airborne Laser Scanning/Airborne Laser Bathymetry). Integrating the results of these non-invasive techniques with terrestrial and underwater surveys and excavations provided an opportunity to evaluate this architecture from a different perspective. Our research indicates that instead of a single luxurious residence, several contemporary complexes existed on Vižula, namely two villae maritimae and two villae rusticae. Furthermore, the results show that the combined methodology is able to integrate detail and context into an interpretative coherent model of a landscape going far beyond the analytical capabilities of each individual method.
Archaeological Prospection, 2018
Traditionally, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements for near-surface geophysical archaeolo... more Traditionally, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements for near-surface geophysical archaeological prospection are conducted with single-channel systems using GPR antennae mounted in a cart similar to a pushchair, or towed like a sledge behind the operator. The spatial data sampling of such GPR devices for the non-invasive detection and investigation of buried cultural heritage was, with very few exceptions, at best 25 cm in cross-line direction of the measurement. With two or three persons participating in the fieldwork, coverage rates between a quarter hectare and half a hectare per day are common, while frequently considerably smaller survey areas at often coarse measurement spacing have been reported. Over the past years, the advent of novel multi-channel GPR antenna array systems has permitted an enormous increase in survey efficiency and spatial sampling resolution. Using GPR antenna arrays with up to 16 channels operating in parallel, in combination with automatic positioning solutions based on real-time kinematic global navigation satellite systems or robotic total-stations, it has become possible to map several hectares per day with as little as 8 cm cross-line and 4 cm in-line GPR trace spacing. While this dramatic increase in coverage rate has a positive effect on the reduction of costs of GPR surveys, and thus its more widespread use in archaeology, the increased spatial sampling for the first time allows for the high-resolution imaging of relatively small archaeological structures, such as for example 25 cm wide post-holes of Iron Age buildings or the brick pillars of Roman floor heating systems, permitting much improved archaeological interpretations of the collected data. We present the state-of-the-art in large-scale high-resolution archaeological GPR prospection, covering hardware and software technology and fieldwork methodology as well as the closely related issues of processing and interpretation of the huge data sets. Application examples from selected European archaeological sites illustrate the progress made.
Zerstörungsfreie archäologische Prospektion des römischen Carnuntum – erste Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts „ArchPro Carnuntum“
Carnuntum Jahrbuch, 2018
Over the course of four years (2012–2015) the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prosp... more Over the course of four years (2012–2015) the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archeology (LBI ArchPro), in collaboration with the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) and on behalf of the provincial government of Lower Austria, has conducted the comprehensive, non-invasive archaeological prospection project entitled “ArchPro Carnuntum”. The purpose of this project has been to generate a basis for future archaeological research and the sustainable spatial planning and cultural heritage management in the area. By combining new information on buried archaeology using different aerial and ground-based archaeological prospection methods and a thorough archaeological interpretation of the combined data within the framework of a GIS environment, it was possible to document Carnuntum’s archaeological heritage, which is threatened by a dramatic increase in erosion and destruction through ploughing, infrastructure development and looting by treasure hunters. In total, an area covering eight square kilometres was explored at very high sampling resolution using magnetic prospection methods, while 2.5 square kilometres were mapped with ultra-high resolution ground-penetrating radar measurements. The results of the project and the spatio-temporal analysis and interpretation of the prospection data are presented here as a preliminary report.
Archaeologia Austriaca, 2020
For many decades the villa maritima of Vižula had been considered as one of the largest of its ki... more For many decades the villa maritima of Vižula had been considered as one of the largest of its kind in Istria, Croatia. In order to prove this theory, large-scale archaeological prospection was applied in Vižula from 2014 onwards, including geophysics (Ground Penetrating Radar) and remote sensing (Airborne Laser Scanning/Airborne Laser Bathymetry). Integrating the results of these non-invasive techniques with terrestrial and underwater surveys and excavations provided an opportunity to evaluate this architecture from a different perspective. Our research indicates that instead of a single luxurious residence, several contemporary complexes existed on Vižula, namely two villae maritimae and two villae rusticae. Furthermore, the results show that the combined methodology is able to integrate detail and context into an interpretative coherent model of a landscape going far beyond the analytical capabilities of each individual method. Keywords Mediterranean, Roman villa maritima, archae...
Zerstörungsfreie archäologische Prospektion des römischen Carnuntum – erste Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts „ArchPro Carnuntum“
Carnuntum Jahrbuch
Over the course of four years (2012–2015) the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prosp... more Over the course of four years (2012–2015) the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology (LBI ArchPro), in collaboration with the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) and on behalf of the provincial government of Lower Austria, has conducted the comprehensive, non-invasive archaeological prospection project entitled “ArchPro Carnuntum”. The purpose of this project has been to generate a basis for future archaeological research and the sustainable spatial planning and cultural heritage management in the area. By combining new information on buried archaeology using different aerial and ground-based archaeological prospection methods and a thorough archaeological interpretation of the combined data within the framework of a GIS environment, it was possible to document Carnuntum’s archaeological heritage, which is threatened by a dramatic increase in erosion and destruction through ploughing, infrastructure development and looting by treasure hunters. In total, an area covering eight square kilometres was explored at very high sampling resolution using magnetic prospection methods, while 2.5 square kilometres were mapped with ultra-high resolution ground-penetrating radar measurements. The results of the project and the spatio-temporal analysis and interpretation of the prospection data are presented here as a preliminary report.
Remote Sensing
Large parts of the urban layout of the abandoned Roman town of Bassianae (in present-day Serbia) ... more Large parts of the urban layout of the abandoned Roman town of Bassianae (in present-day Serbia) are still discernible on the surface today due to the deliberate and targeted quarrying of the Roman foundations. In 2014, all of the town’s intramural (and some extramural) areas were surveyed using aerial photography, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetometry to analyze the site’s topography and to map remaining buried structures. The surveys showed a strong agreement between the digital surface model derived from the aerial photographs and the geophysical prospection data. However, many structures could only be detected by one method, underlining the benefits of a complementary archaeological prospection approach using multiple methods. This article presents the results of the extensive surveys and their comprehensive integrative interpretation, discussing Bassianae’s ground plan and urban infrastructure. Starting with an overview of this Roman town’s research history, we present the...
The Rich and the Hard-Working: Roman Villae Near Lake Attersee, Austria
ArchéoSciences
Large-area high-resolution ground-penetrating radar measurements for archaeological prospection
Archaeological Prospection, 2018
Traditionally, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) measurements for near‐surface geophysical archaeolo... more Traditionally, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) measurements for near‐surface geophysical archaeological prospection are conducted with single‐channel systems using GPR antennae mounted in a cart similar to a pushchair, or towed like a sledge behind the operator. The spatial data sampling of such GPR devices for the non‐invasive detection and investigation of buried cultural heritage was, with very few exceptions, at best 25 cm in cross‐line direction of the measurement. With two or three persons participating in the fieldwork, coverage rates between a quarter hectare and half a hectare per day are common, while frequently considerably smaller survey areas at often coarse measurement spacing have been reported. Over the past years, the advent of novel multi‐channel GPR antenna array systems has permitted an enormous increase in survey efficiency and spatial sampling resolution. Using GPR antenna arrays with up to 16 channels operating in parallel, in combination with automatic positio...
Large-area high-resolution ground-penetrating radar measurements for archaeological prospection
Archaeological Prospection, 2018
Traditionally, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) measurements for near‐surface geophysical archaeolo... more Traditionally, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) measurements for near‐surface geophysical archaeological prospection are conducted with single‐channel systems using GPR antennae mounted in a cart similar to a pushchair, or towed like a sledge behind the operator. The spatial data sampling of such GPR devices for the non‐invasive detection and investigation of buried cultural heritage was, with very few exceptions, at best 25 cm in cross‐line direction of the measurement. With two or three persons participating in the fieldwork, coverage rates between a quarter hectare and half a hectare per day are common, while frequently considerably smaller survey areas at often coarse measurement spacing have been reported. Over the past years, the advent of novel multi‐channel GPR antenna array systems has permitted an enormous increase in survey efficiency and spatial sampling resolution. Using GPR antenna arrays with up to 16 channels operating in parallel, in combination with automatic positio...
Remote Sensing, 2021
The Benedictine Convent of Saint John at Müstair is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the e... more The Benedictine Convent of Saint John at Müstair is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the eastern part of Switzerland close to South Tyrol’s border (Italy). Known as a well-preserved Carolingian building complex housing Carolingian and Romanesque frescoes, the convent has received much academic attention. However, all research activities so far have been concentrated on the area enclosed by the convent’s walls, even though the neighbouring fields to the east and south are also part of the convent’s property. This paper reports on the archaeological magnetic and ground-penetrating radar surveys of these areas, executed as part of a pilot project exploring the convent’s immediate environment. At present, these fields are used for agriculture and located on a massive alluvial fan of the mountain stream Valgarola. Dense geophysical sampling revealed an intricate network of distributary channels with stream and mudflow deposits, constituting a natural border of the convent’s territory. In addition to different field systems, a newly discovered broad pathway appears to be an original Roman road. Numerous structural elements, mapped within the convent’s walls, could be attributed to specific building phases. Over 40 large and deep burial shafts, arranged in three rows, were discovered outside the convent’s burial ground. Their specific design and arrangement are characteristic of early medieval burials, such as those of the 6th century Lombards on the edge of the eastern Alps.
Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology , 2019
Between 2016 and 2018, two large-scale geophysical survey campaigns were conducted at Pliska, the... more Between 2016 and 2018, two large-scale geophysical survey campaigns were conducted at Pliska, the first Early Medieval capital of Bulgaria (7 th-11 th century AD). The aim was to document yet unknown archaeological remains , mainly in the central Inner City of Pliska, to achieve a better understanding of the urban layout and the successive construction phases of the entire settlement. The magnetic survey was conducted with a motorised Fluxgate magnetometer system, while the ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey was mainly conducted using a motorised four-channel 250 MHz GPR array. The integrated archaeological interpretation of the prospection data yielded countless newly discovered structures in the city centre, as well as several semi-urban settlements within the surveyed areas of the vast Outer City of Pliska. The results lead to a more detailed understanding and depiction of the historical development of the Inner City during its capital- and post-capital phases of use, while the data collected in the Outer City improved the knowledge about the complex landscape of this area extending over several square kilometres. However, the surveys also showed how fruitful the large-scale geophysical prospection of the entire Outer City could turn out to be for an exhaustive study and a deeper understanding of Pliska, and how much there remains yet unknown.
During an excavation in the city center of Neunkirchen (Lower Austria), underneath a roman vicus ... more During an excavation in the city center of Neunkirchen (Lower Austria), underneath a roman vicus house wall a skeleton in contracted position was found. Due to a 14C analysis of some bone material the burial was dated into the Chalcolithicum, a period where the area of Neunkirchen was inhabited by people of the Badener Kultur.
Due to the large scale geophysical prospection in the small town of Rechnitz in Burgenland, Austr... more Due to the large scale geophysical prospection in the small town of Rechnitz in Burgenland, Austria three circular ditch structures, so called Kreisgrabenanlagen (KGA's) as well as plenty of early neolithic house structures have been discovered.
Metallverarbeitende Betriebe im Vicus von Neunkirchen
Carnuntum Jahrbuch, 2016
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Thesis Chapters by Hannes Schiel
Die Gräber 15 und 16 sind Brandbestattungen in Form von Urnengräbern, die in die Phase Latène B1/B2 bis B2 datieren und die zwischen den Hügelgräbern lokalisiert wurden. Die übrigen Brandgräber, Gräber 1 bis 5, datieren in die Übergangsphase Latène B2/C1 und wurden nordöstlich der anderen Gräber, zumeist ohne Urne, in einem gesonderten Cluster angelegt.
Diese längere Belegungsdauer lässt darauf schließen, dass es mehr Gräber als die bis heute entdeckten gibt. Dennoch sind es insgesamt zu wenig Gräber, um als für die Gesamtheit der im Raum Neunkirchen lebenden Latènebevölkerung repräsentativ gelten zu können.
Papers by Hannes Schiel
Die Gräber 15 und 16 sind Brandbestattungen in Form von Urnengräbern, die in die Phase Latène B1/B2 bis B2 datieren und die zwischen den Hügelgräbern lokalisiert wurden. Die übrigen Brandgräber, Gräber 1 bis 5, datieren in die Übergangsphase Latène B2/C1 und wurden nordöstlich der anderen Gräber, zumeist ohne Urne, in einem gesonderten Cluster angelegt.
Diese längere Belegungsdauer lässt darauf schließen, dass es mehr Gräber als die bis heute entdeckten gibt. Dennoch sind es insgesamt zu wenig Gräber, um als für die Gesamtheit der im Raum Neunkirchen lebenden Latènebevölkerung repräsentativ gelten zu können.