杂种优势

杂种优势（英語：heterosis）是一个用在遗传学和人工育種上的术语。杂种优势是指杂交种通过继承其父母的不同的优势，可能获得一个更好的生物特性。^[1]当然也可能雜交後只繼承了父母各自的缺點導致變得更差，这就不算杂种优势。

杂种优势一般和近交衰退相对比。相对的也有远交衰退，如杂种衰败，杂种由于生殖隔离等原因不能产生后代。

杂种优势一般有这个解释：基因上杂合优势（英语：Heterozygote advantage）会导致隐形的坏等位基因被显性“好”等位基因替代，而两个不同的显性“好”等位基因又可能产生一种“超显性”现象造成更好的结果。现在还有发现表观遗传学也起到作用，有两种情况：一是负责调控基因的miRNA浓度并非双亲浓度平均，而是有更复杂、非线性的变化；二是基于双方不同组蛋白的修饰，即使是同样的基因组重复成多倍体，因为雌、雄双方修饰的不同，也会造成差别。^[2]^[3]

參見

參考資料

^ George Harrison Shull. What Is "Heterosis"?. Genetics. 1948, 33 (5): 439–446. PMC 1209417 . PMID 17247290.
^ Baranwal VK, Mikkilineni V, Zehr UB, Tyagi AK, Kapoor S. Heterosis: emerging ideas about hybrid vigour. J. Exp. Bot. November 2012, 63 (18): 6309–14. PMID 23095992. doi:10.1093/jxb/ers291 .
^ Ni Z, Kim ED, Ha M, et al. Altered circadian rhythms regulate growth vigour in hybrids and allopolyploids. Nature. January 2009, 457 (7227): 327–31. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..327N. PMC 2679702 . PMID 19029881. doi:10.1038/nature07523.

延伸閱讀

Bakker, Winfridus. Enhanced Hybrid Vigor Benefits Breeder and Broiler (PDF). Cobb Focus. 2006, (2). （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-12-17）.
Birchler JA, Auger DL, Riddle NC. In Search of the Molecular Basis of Heterosis. Plant Cell. October 2003, 15 (10): 2236–9. PMC 540269 . PMID 14523245. doi:10.1105/tpc.151030.
NOAA Tech Memo NMFS NWFSC-30: Genetic Effects of Straying of Non-Native Hatchery Fish into Natural Populations: Inbreeding Depression and Outbreeding Depression
Mac Gregor, S. E. Introduction: Hybrid vigor in plants and its relationship to insect pollination (PDF). Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants. Agriculture Handbook no. 496. Agricultural Research Service, U.S.D.A. 2009 [1976] [2022-05-11]. OCLC 243509268. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-06-17）.
"Hybrids & Heirlooms" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）—an article from University of Illinois Extension's Home Hort Hints
Roybal, J. (July 1, 1998). "Ranchstar （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Beef (beefmagazine.com).
"Sex-Links" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）—regarding poultry; at FeatherSite

这是一篇遗传学小作品。您可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。

[1] George Harrison Shull. What Is "Heterosis"?. Genetics. 1948, 33 (5): 439–446. PMC 1209417 . PMID 17247290.

[Baranwal-2] Baranwal VK, Mikkilineni V, Zehr UB, Tyagi AK, Kapoor S. Heterosis: emerging ideas about hybrid vigour. J. Exp. Bot. November 2012, 63 (18): 6309–14. PMID 23095992. doi:10.1093/jxb/ers291 .

[Ni-3] Ni Z, Kim ED, Ha M, et al. Altered circadian rhythms regulate growth vigour in hybrids and allopolyploids. Nature. January 2009, 457 (7227): 327–31. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..327N. PMC 2679702 . PMID 19029881. doi:10.1038/nature07523.

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