Security has always been a basic necessity in human life. Tourism and security are two categories... more Security has always been a basic necessity in human life. Tourism and security are two categories with different and interactive effects, and no industry is as dependent on security as tourism. Because tourists prioritize security factors when choosing a destination and accommodation. Thus, the management of destinations and ecolodges faces various challenges to achieving sustainable security. This article was designed with a practical purpose and in order to identify the factors affecting the security management of destinations and ecolodges and also to introduce the framework of these factors. Research was implemented by qualitative method. To obtain the required information, the knowledge and experience of managers of ecolodges and the challenges of their guests, snowball were used as sampling method and continued until the theoretical saturation was ensured. Data collection was done through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 experts and analysis of conversations was done using thematic analysis and using MAXQDA software and was approved for validation. From the analysis of the interviews, 342 concepts were extracted and during the coding process, a sixfold framework of factors affecting the security management of ecolodges including organization, people, technology, environment, experiences and time was obtained. Managers of sustainable ecolodges need to provide security and safety to satisfy guests through continuous planning, implementation, investigation and analysis of these six factors over time. In order to provide peace and comfort for the stakeholders, to provide economic, socio-cultural benefits and enjoyment of natural and man-made attractions for everyone.
Tour guides are frontline employees in the tourism industry who play an important role in providi... more Tour guides are frontline employees in the tourism industry who play an important role in providing informative and new experiences for tourists seeking exotic destinations like Iran. Success of the tourism industry very much depends on the performance of tour guides in each destination. Despite the importance of tour guiding in delivering a satisfied tour experience for package tourist, it has not attracted much of scholarly attention in the tourism discipline. Little research has been carried out in order to systematically examine the performance of tour guides throughout the world. This present research is aimed specifically at the assessment of attributes and performance parameters of tour guides in Iran. The evaluation here is based on the application of importance-performance analysis (IPA) factor as related to data assembled from incoming tours from European countries. IPA is a simple and useful technique in prioritizing decision options and resource allocation for an organiz...
Global warming caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions is be... more Global warming caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions is becoming the most important environmental issue in the world. Tourism industry causes 5% of total carbon dioxide and 14% of total green house of the world. Energy consumption in tourism is in direct relation with tourists behaviors. To succeed in changing unsustainable behavior and reinforce sustainable behavior should be aware of the factors affecting it. This study explores the factors affecting the tourists' intentions to conduct lowcarbon behaviors from a Protection Motivation theory perspective. Population of the study consists of Tehran citizens of district 1, which are selected by multi Stage Cluster Sampling. A questionnaire was used to collecte data. For analyzing collected data, structural equation modeling was used. Findings show that variables of tourists "Perceived vulnerability", "Perceived response efficacy" and "Perceives self-efficacy" hav...
The purpose of this research is to provide the "Three-Dimensional Model of Tehran Tourism Ma... more The purpose of this research is to provide the "Three-Dimensional Model of Tehran Tourism Management (TDMTTM)" using a two-stages exploratory mixed method design (qualitative-quantitative). At the first and second stages, content analysis and structural equation modeling have been used, respectively. The validity of questionnaire is as content and face validity. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) was estimated to be 0.69 and 0.79, respectively. The obtained reliability in Cronbach's Alpha coefficient method is 0.933 and in split of method is 0.0806, respectively. The sample comprises of 400 persons of tourism managers, experts, and professors, from whom the total of 387 valid questionnaires. Were obtaind the The results show that it is necessary to consider structural, environmental, and content factors in designing Tehran Tourism Management Model, and accordingly. " The Three-Dimensional Model of Tehran Tourism Management (TDMTTM) was d...
Tourism productivity relies heavily on social and economic improvement. Children have largely bee... more Tourism productivity relies heavily on social and economic improvement. Children have largely been ignored as beneficiaries of tourism who can play a highly influential role. Existing research had failed to considered children as active agents who can impact their lives and environments. The purpose of the current study was thus to address the existing research gap and qualitatively investigate children's perceptions of the trips they had experienced and to explore whether their decision making and the consequences of their leisure behaviors might play any ameliorating role in economic recovery. The research sample comprised 96 children within the age range of 9 -12 years old who had been selected based on gender and socioeconomic status, as the moderator variables, to take part in semi-structured interviews to narrate their memories. The recorded memories were further thematically analyzed. Exploration of their best trips revealed that novelty/entertainment, nature, and social ...
Since the emergence of the concept of ecotourism in the late twentieth century, the influence of ... more Since the emergence of the concept of ecotourism in the late twentieth century, the influence of knowledge and education on nature tourists' behaviour has been explored in a number of studies. This paper reports on Iranian mountaineering club members' engagement in and awareness of 'ideal' ecotourism practice. Also reported are observed relationships between participants' knowledge of ecotourism and engagement in ecotourism behaviour, and two explanatory variables, their level of formal education and hiking experience. A sample of 317 mountaineering club members in Isfahan, Iran, was conducted. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire measuring participants' behaviour in mountain environments and their knowledge of ecotourism, which was conceptualised as having three dimensions, environmental, sociocultural, and economic. Results indicated noticeable gaps between participants' knowledge and behaviour and between these two variables and ideal ecotourism practice. Analysis of variance followed by a Tukey test also revealed significant differences among hiking experience groups regarding participants' engagement in ecotourism and knowledge about ecotourism. No significant differences were found among groups segmented by education level. The importance of hiking experience, knowledge of the issue, and effectiveness of formal education in ecotourism practice is discussed.
Nowadays sustainable tourism development is no more considered as a choice but a necessity. In or... more Nowadays sustainable tourism development is no more considered as a choice but a necessity. In order to achieve sustainable tourism development, all actors in tourism system should undertake the sustainability commitments such as environmental commitment. The purpose of this paper is determining the level of environmental commitment in Tehran accommodation facilities, and identifying the factors that affect the propensity of managers of these units to adopt environmental considerations in this sector of tourism industry. Therefore the exploratory- descriptive research method is employed. Senior managers of 1-5 star hotels comprise the statistical population of this study. In addition to the descriptive statistics methods, various nonparametric inferential statistics tests are applied in analyzing the collected data. Findings of the study manifest that environmental management in the studied hotels can be classified into four levels of environmental commitment with most hotels situat...
Extended Abstract Sustainable tourism development recently as a management strategy for destinati... more Extended Abstract Sustainable tourism development recently as a management strategy for destinations has got special significant. However, there is Discontinuities between concept of sustainable tourism development (STD) and original paradigm that STD derived from it, means sustainable development, in terms of theoretical and practical viewpoints. The main goal of paper discusses and analyze around the most important practical and theoretical challenges that sustainable tourism development has face with them. The research method is literature content review of this field. This paper, Also, review different frameworks of sustainable tourism development. Dynamics of tourism destination development during the three Separate ways that according one environmental pragmatism move to sustainable mass tourism and finally converge will be discussed. Finding of this paper is identifying the most important theoretical and practical challenges and critics of sustainable tourism development form...
This paper aims to give a better understanding of the local community’ s perception on the curren... more This paper aims to give a better understanding of the local community’ s perception on the current homestay programme in the Bazm Village located in the Bavanat County of Fars Province of Iran. The socio-economic impacts of tourism on the community is evaluated, together with how its impact will influence future development of homestay to support community-based tourism (CBT). he transactions between visitors and hosts in a homestay concept is a regarded as new in the Iranian tourism industry . With the added dimension of the Islamic rules and values in Iran, a fundamental review is required to gauge the success level of homestay programme in this society and the possible conflicts it poses to the Iranian culture and values. The methodology adopted in this research was of a qualitative nature. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study . Following a series of interviews and focus group discussions with the local community and field observation of the homestay programme...
We show that tourism to a World Heritage Area generates economic opportunities in nearby rural co... more We show that tourism to a World Heritage Area generates economic opportunities in nearby rural communities, sufficient to reverse migration to the city. To carry out this test, we used an isolated region with a simple economic structure and a newly declared WHA, and analyzed economic constraints, opportunities, and decision processes at the micro scale of individual households, through qualitative analysis of interviews and on-site audits. Tourism triggered a switch from accelerating decline of rural villages, with closing schools and abandoned buildings and farmland, to accelerating recovery and reinvigoration, with new ecolodges and adventure tours employing household members and other local residents. The switch was assisted by low-interest ecotourism loans. It has also generated new economic opportunities for women specifically, and these have created much greater social freedom and self-determination, now also accepted by men.
Security has always been a basic necessity in human life. Tourism and security are two categories... more Security has always been a basic necessity in human life. Tourism and security are two categories with different and interactive effects, and no industry is as dependent on security as tourism. Because tourists prioritize security factors when choosing a destination and accommodation. Thus, the management of destinations and ecolodges faces various challenges to achieving sustainable security. This article was designed with a practical purpose and in order to identify the factors affecting the security management of destinations and ecolodges and also to introduce the framework of these factors. Research was implemented by qualitative method. To obtain the required information, the knowledge and experience of managers of ecolodges and the challenges of their guests, snowball were used as sampling method and continued until the theoretical saturation was ensured. Data collection was done through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 experts and analysis of conversations was done using thematic analysis and using MAXQDA software and was approved for validation. From the analysis of the interviews, 342 concepts were extracted and during the coding process, a sixfold framework of factors affecting the security management of ecolodges including organization, people, technology, environment, experiences and time was obtained. Managers of sustainable ecolodges need to provide security and safety to satisfy guests through continuous planning, implementation, investigation and analysis of these six factors over time. In order to provide peace and comfort for the stakeholders, to provide economic, socio-cultural benefits and enjoyment of natural and man-made attractions for everyone.
Tour guides are frontline employees in the tourism industry who play an important role in providi... more Tour guides are frontline employees in the tourism industry who play an important role in providing informative and new experiences for tourists seeking exotic destinations like Iran. Success of the tourism industry very much depends on the performance of tour guides in each destination. Despite the importance of tour guiding in delivering a satisfied tour experience for package tourist, it has not attracted much of scholarly attention in the tourism discipline. Little research has been carried out in order to systematically examine the performance of tour guides throughout the world. This present research is aimed specifically at the assessment of attributes and performance parameters of tour guides in Iran. The evaluation here is based on the application of importance-performance analysis (IPA) factor as related to data assembled from incoming tours from European countries. IPA is a simple and useful technique in prioritizing decision options and resource allocation for an organiz...
Global warming caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions is be... more Global warming caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions is becoming the most important environmental issue in the world. Tourism industry causes 5% of total carbon dioxide and 14% of total green house of the world. Energy consumption in tourism is in direct relation with tourists behaviors. To succeed in changing unsustainable behavior and reinforce sustainable behavior should be aware of the factors affecting it. This study explores the factors affecting the tourists' intentions to conduct lowcarbon behaviors from a Protection Motivation theory perspective. Population of the study consists of Tehran citizens of district 1, which are selected by multi Stage Cluster Sampling. A questionnaire was used to collecte data. For analyzing collected data, structural equation modeling was used. Findings show that variables of tourists "Perceived vulnerability", "Perceived response efficacy" and "Perceives self-efficacy" hav...
The purpose of this research is to provide the "Three-Dimensional Model of Tehran Tourism Ma... more The purpose of this research is to provide the "Three-Dimensional Model of Tehran Tourism Management (TDMTTM)" using a two-stages exploratory mixed method design (qualitative-quantitative). At the first and second stages, content analysis and structural equation modeling have been used, respectively. The validity of questionnaire is as content and face validity. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) was estimated to be 0.69 and 0.79, respectively. The obtained reliability in Cronbach's Alpha coefficient method is 0.933 and in split of method is 0.0806, respectively. The sample comprises of 400 persons of tourism managers, experts, and professors, from whom the total of 387 valid questionnaires. Were obtaind the The results show that it is necessary to consider structural, environmental, and content factors in designing Tehran Tourism Management Model, and accordingly. " The Three-Dimensional Model of Tehran Tourism Management (TDMTTM) was d...
Tourism productivity relies heavily on social and economic improvement. Children have largely bee... more Tourism productivity relies heavily on social and economic improvement. Children have largely been ignored as beneficiaries of tourism who can play a highly influential role. Existing research had failed to considered children as active agents who can impact their lives and environments. The purpose of the current study was thus to address the existing research gap and qualitatively investigate children's perceptions of the trips they had experienced and to explore whether their decision making and the consequences of their leisure behaviors might play any ameliorating role in economic recovery. The research sample comprised 96 children within the age range of 9 -12 years old who had been selected based on gender and socioeconomic status, as the moderator variables, to take part in semi-structured interviews to narrate their memories. The recorded memories were further thematically analyzed. Exploration of their best trips revealed that novelty/entertainment, nature, and social ...
Since the emergence of the concept of ecotourism in the late twentieth century, the influence of ... more Since the emergence of the concept of ecotourism in the late twentieth century, the influence of knowledge and education on nature tourists' behaviour has been explored in a number of studies. This paper reports on Iranian mountaineering club members' engagement in and awareness of 'ideal' ecotourism practice. Also reported are observed relationships between participants' knowledge of ecotourism and engagement in ecotourism behaviour, and two explanatory variables, their level of formal education and hiking experience. A sample of 317 mountaineering club members in Isfahan, Iran, was conducted. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire measuring participants' behaviour in mountain environments and their knowledge of ecotourism, which was conceptualised as having three dimensions, environmental, sociocultural, and economic. Results indicated noticeable gaps between participants' knowledge and behaviour and between these two variables and ideal ecotourism practice. Analysis of variance followed by a Tukey test also revealed significant differences among hiking experience groups regarding participants' engagement in ecotourism and knowledge about ecotourism. No significant differences were found among groups segmented by education level. The importance of hiking experience, knowledge of the issue, and effectiveness of formal education in ecotourism practice is discussed.
Nowadays sustainable tourism development is no more considered as a choice but a necessity. In or... more Nowadays sustainable tourism development is no more considered as a choice but a necessity. In order to achieve sustainable tourism development, all actors in tourism system should undertake the sustainability commitments such as environmental commitment. The purpose of this paper is determining the level of environmental commitment in Tehran accommodation facilities, and identifying the factors that affect the propensity of managers of these units to adopt environmental considerations in this sector of tourism industry. Therefore the exploratory- descriptive research method is employed. Senior managers of 1-5 star hotels comprise the statistical population of this study. In addition to the descriptive statistics methods, various nonparametric inferential statistics tests are applied in analyzing the collected data. Findings of the study manifest that environmental management in the studied hotels can be classified into four levels of environmental commitment with most hotels situat...
Extended Abstract Sustainable tourism development recently as a management strategy for destinati... more Extended Abstract Sustainable tourism development recently as a management strategy for destinations has got special significant. However, there is Discontinuities between concept of sustainable tourism development (STD) and original paradigm that STD derived from it, means sustainable development, in terms of theoretical and practical viewpoints. The main goal of paper discusses and analyze around the most important practical and theoretical challenges that sustainable tourism development has face with them. The research method is literature content review of this field. This paper, Also, review different frameworks of sustainable tourism development. Dynamics of tourism destination development during the three Separate ways that according one environmental pragmatism move to sustainable mass tourism and finally converge will be discussed. Finding of this paper is identifying the most important theoretical and practical challenges and critics of sustainable tourism development form...
This paper aims to give a better understanding of the local community’ s perception on the curren... more This paper aims to give a better understanding of the local community’ s perception on the current homestay programme in the Bazm Village located in the Bavanat County of Fars Province of Iran. The socio-economic impacts of tourism on the community is evaluated, together with how its impact will influence future development of homestay to support community-based tourism (CBT). he transactions between visitors and hosts in a homestay concept is a regarded as new in the Iranian tourism industry . With the added dimension of the Islamic rules and values in Iran, a fundamental review is required to gauge the success level of homestay programme in this society and the possible conflicts it poses to the Iranian culture and values. The methodology adopted in this research was of a qualitative nature. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study . Following a series of interviews and focus group discussions with the local community and field observation of the homestay programme...
We show that tourism to a World Heritage Area generates economic opportunities in nearby rural co... more We show that tourism to a World Heritage Area generates economic opportunities in nearby rural communities, sufficient to reverse migration to the city. To carry out this test, we used an isolated region with a simple economic structure and a newly declared WHA, and analyzed economic constraints, opportunities, and decision processes at the micro scale of individual households, through qualitative analysis of interviews and on-site audits. Tourism triggered a switch from accelerating decline of rural villages, with closing schools and abandoned buildings and farmland, to accelerating recovery and reinvigoration, with new ecolodges and adventure tours employing household members and other local residents. The switch was assisted by low-interest ecotourism loans. It has also generated new economic opportunities for women specifically, and these have created much greater social freedom and self-determination, now also accepted by men.
Transboundary Geopark Management in Iran and the Caucasus International Conference , 2020
COVID-19 pandemic had brought international travel to an abrupt halt and significantly impacted t... more COVID-19 pandemic had brought international travel to an abrupt halt and significantly impacted the tourism industry, although the outlook remains highly uncertain and fluid, recently destinations heavily reliant on tourism revenues have been planning to start welcoming tourists, but in some cases host communities’ unwillingness to receive tourists, due to xenophobia and anti-tourist sentiments often accompanied by epidemic events, creates an obstacle to recovery plans. The pandemic led many host communities to believe that benefits they receive from having tourists around, outweigh the costs and this perception in turn, negatively influenced their behavior towards tourists. For tourism destinations to get back on feet after the coronavirus crisis, it is crucial to understand how local residents perceive the presence of tourism, accordingly the purpose of this paper is to contribute to this understanding in the context of Deylam port (a highly seasonal tourism destination in southwestern Iran). An integration of Social Exchange Theory and Integrated Threat Theory was used as theoretical framework. A qualitative method (Illustrative Method and Pattern Matching) was used to collect data from local residents. The sampling method was judgmental, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the theoretical saturation principle. The data analysis was based on both open and axial coding content analysis. The research findings provided a revised version of the Integrated Threat Theory for understanding residents' negative behavior towards tourists during pandemic crisis. According to the findings while pandemic went on much more than locals expected and local markets as the backbone of the city's economy were left without customers, general perception toward tourist influx during the pandemic was still negative, even most local shopkeepers whose livelihoods are most dependent on tourist shopping moneys, have opposed tourism presence during the pandemic, especially in case, they have experienced the death or serious illness of someone close(realistic health threat) or found some sort of coping mechanism to deal with the situation.
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