Holds Integer values that can be represented in a native machine word (minus 1 bit). If any operation on a Fixnum exceeds this range, the value is automatically converted to a Bignum. Fixnum objects have immediate value. This means that when they are assigned or passed as parameters, the actual object is passed, rather than a reference to that object. Assignment does not alias Fixnum objects. Ther
Bignum objects hold integers outside the range of Fixnum. Bignum objects are created automatically when integer calculations would otherwise overflow a Fixnum. When a calculation involving Bignum objects returns a result that will fit in a Fixnum, the result is automatically converted. For the purposes of the bitwise operations and [], a Bignum is treated as if it were an infinite-length bitstring
Float objects represent inexact real numbers using the native architecture's double-precision floating point representation. Floating point has a different arithmetic and is an inexact number. So you should know its esoteric system. see following: docs.sun.com/source/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html wiki.github.com/rdp/ruby_tutorials_core/ruby-talk-faq#wiki-floats_imprecise en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floatin
A binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, a method for representing numbers that uses only two symbols for the natural numbers: typically "0" (zero) and "1" (one). A binary number may also refer to a rational number that has a finite representation in the binary numeral system, that is, the quotient of an integer by a power of two. The base-2 nume
Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 and "A"–"F" to represent values from ten to fifteen. Software developers and system designers w
Numbers written in different numeral systems A numeral system is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. The same sequence of symbols may represent different numbers in different numeral systems. For example, "11" represents the number eleven in the decimal or base-10 nu
This article is about the absolute value of real and complex numbers. For other absolute values in mathematics, see Absolute value (algebra). For other uses, see Absolute value (disambiguation). The graph of the absolute value function for real numbers The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero. In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number , denote
This article is about the binary operation mod(a,n). For the (mod n) notation, see Modular arithmetic. For other uses, see Modulo (disambiguation). In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is th
The integral part or integer part of a number (partie entière in the original) was first defined in 1798 by Adrien-Marie Legendre in his proof of the Legendre's formula. Carl Friedrich Gauss introduced the square bracket notation [x] in his third proof of quadratic reciprocity (1808).[3] This remained the standard[4] in mathematics until Kenneth E. Iverson introduced, in his 1962 book A Programmin
The Math module contains module functions for basic trigonometric and transcendental functions. See class Float for a list of constants that define Ruby's floating point accuracy. Domains and codomains are given only for real (not complex) numbers. Constants E Definition of the mathematical constant E (e) as a Float number. PI Definition of the mathematical constant PI as a Float number.
In mathematics and computer science, truncation is limiting the number of digits right of the decimal point. Truncation of positive real numbers can be done using the floor function. Given a number to be truncated and , the number of elements to be kept behind the decimal point, the truncated value of x is However, for negative numbers truncation does not round in the same direction as the floor f
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