Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail thei... more Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail their cost accounting to the level of each line they operate. Models used, however, fail to utilise the level of precision state of the art technology would allow for; therefore, state-owned providers become uncompetitive. Implementing new technologies such as electric buses have high investment costs; thus, reconsidering the cost structure of an operator is essential. The aim of this paper is to introduce an innovative cost calculation method for battery electric bus operation. The novelty of the model is its foundation on telemetric data generated by sensors hosted in electric buses and the consequent use of marginal consumption costs instead of averages based on aggregations. The model introduced focuses on the cost of energy consumption, examines influencing factors, such as the effect of meteorological externalities on auxiliary systems, and considers driving dynamics. Nonetheless, fix costs such as amortisation and labour costs are also accounted for to give a complete picture of per passenger numbers. The model developed was applied as a case study to prove its applicability. We found that the climbed elevation positively correlates, while the number of stops served at a given distance negatively correlates with the increase in consumption. The model is better suited for improving the operative competitiveness of PTPs rather than as a tool for regulatory compliance.
Munkácsy András, Jászberényi Melinda (szerk.): Fenntarthatóság és reziliencia a mobilitásban, Akadémia Kiadó, 2022
Az elektromos városi autóbuszok üzemeltetési jellemzői jelentősen eltérnek a hagyományos dízelaut... more Az elektromos városi autóbuszok üzemeltetési jellemzői jelentősen eltérnek a hagyományos dízelautóbuszokétól. Ezért olyan üzemeltetést támogató módszerekre van szükség, amelyek figyelembe veszik a technológia sajátosságait. A töltőinfrastruktúra optimalizálását támogató modellt dolgoztunk ki, amelyet a budapesti Kőbánya városrész autóbusz-hálózatára alkalmaztunk. Meghatároztuk a statikus és dinamikus töltőberendezések közötti egyensúlyi pontot a telepítési költség szempontjából.
Transportation systems are complex and dynamic systems which are influenced by the advancement of... more Transportation systems are complex and dynamic systems which are influenced by the advancement of economy, society, environment and technology. The application of novel solutions in vehicle and information technologies and the need for sustainability result in significant changes that alter travellers’ behaviours, too. In this book, the concepts, correspondences, technologies, fields of application and further development directions related to passenger transportation systems, travel modes and operation are examined. Since the passenger transportation system is transforming more and more into a special automated information system, the book deals with the modelling methods of complex information systems and the application of models related to transportation. We present, evaluate and compare novel travel modes and solutions and give a realistic scenario for the upcoming changes and opportunities. This book is the result of our continuous research. Primarily, we synthesize the long-standing knowledge that is the basic requirement of a master course (MSc). Hence, we use a high level of abstraction. We consider it important that MSc students realize the logical correspondences focusing on systems and processes, building on the knowledge they acquired previously, during their BSc courses. Thus, the graduates can take a significant part in the operational management, as well as the planning, research, development and innovation of complex systems.
The application of novel solutions in vehicle and information technologies and the need for susta... more The application of novel solutions in vehicle and information technologies and the need for sustainability result in significant change in urban mobility. Moreover, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to contribute to this alteration as well. The mobility is considered not only a single trip from A to B anymore but a comprehensive service. Shared and demand-driven services are more and more available besides traditional transportation modes. Modes are presented, evaluated, and compared, giving a realistic scenario for upcoming changes and opportunities. The development of the passenger transportation system requires an integrated approach considering user expectations. It is facilitated by the concept of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), in which improvement of the quality has higher relevance than before. The impacts of the alteration are also summarized.
The use of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has the potential to transform users’ behaviour and urban sp... more The use of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has the potential to transform users’ behaviour and urban space management. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of impacts require a scenario building method. We considered the fleet size, modal share, car ownership, parking preferences, and urban space repurposing during the elaboration of a novel method. Existing scenarios and results of a questionnaire survey have been used as sources. The method was applied to build scenarios in a case study in Budapest, Hungary. The results were used to calculate the impacts on urban space management, including environmental savings. The key findings are: scenarios with significant shared AV use show that parking demand may be minimised (almost 83%) and urban space repurposing has the highest potential; furthermore, AV use and sharing acceptability may decrease the fleet size and alter the type of shared mode to multiple occupancies. The developed scenario building method serves as a base for future studie...
Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail thei... more Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail their cost accounting to the level of each line they operate. Models used, however, fail to utilise the level of precision state of the art technology would allow for; therefore, state-owned providers become uncompetitive. Implementing new technologies such as electric buses have high investment costs; thus, reconsidering the cost structure of an operator is essential. The aim of this paper is to introduce an innovative cost calculation method for battery electric bus operation. The novelty of the model is its foundation on telemetric data generated by sensors hosted in electric buses and the consequent use of marginal consumption costs instead of averages based on aggregations. The model introduced focuses on the cost of energy consumption, examines influencing factors, such as the effect of meteorological externalities on auxiliary systems, and considers driving dynamics. Nonetheless, fix costs such as amortisation and labour costs are also accounted for to give a complete picture of per passenger numbers. The model developed was applied as a case study to prove its applicability. We found that the climbed elevation positively correlates, while the number of stops served at a given distance negatively correlates with the increase in consumption. The model is better suited for improving the operative competitiveness of PTPs rather than as a tool for regulatory compliance.
Az autonóm járművek megjelenésével várhatóan a városi, közúti mobilitási szolgáltatások is átalak... more Az autonóm járművek megjelenésével várhatóan a városi, közúti mobilitási szolgáltatások is átalakulnak. Igény-alapú, kiskapacitású járművel megvalósított, a jármű és a férőhely megosztást alkalmazó, személyre szabott eljutást kínáló mobilitási szolgáltatások terjednek el, ami a modal-share változását is eredményezheti. A változást eddig különböző jövőképek szimulációjával becsülték, a felhasználók váltási hajlandóságát valószínűségi változóként vették figyelembe. Olyan módszert dolgoztunk ki a városi modal-share változás számításához, amelyben figyelembe vesszük az utazók jelenlegi mobilitási szokásait és váltási hajlandóságát. A változók értékeinek meghatározásához kérdőíves módszert fejlesztettünk. A számítási módszert a budapesti modal-shift becslésére alkalmaztuk. Az eredmények a jelenlegi egyéni gépjármű használóknál mutatták a legnagyobb, míg a kerékpárosoknál a legkisebb váltási hajlandóságot. Megállapítottuk, hogy a kinyilvánított preferenciák alapján, az egyéni gépjárműhasz...
Efficiency enhancement for urban mobility is one of the key elements in smart city conceptions. N... more Efficiency enhancement for urban mobility is one of the key elements in smart city conceptions. Nowadays, there is significant underutilization of vehicle capacities in the case of individual vehicles, taxis, and vehicles, especially for food or small package delivery services. The motivation of our research is to reveal opportunities for so-called dynamic, combined ridesourcing service. Passengers and certain goods sharing the same destination can be transported in shared vehicles. Since such novel service concepts are based on new forms of information management, the research question is: how the information systems and the operations are to be modeled in order to create the service. In such a service, demands and capacities are coordinated by dynamic prices based on real-time data. The logical correspondences of pricing are also revealed. During model development, we considered autonomous vehicles as well, because their emergence requires fundamentally new operational approaches. Accordingly, the developed information management method can be adopted for services based on autonomous vehicles. The results provide a basis for innovation and development of these services.
International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure, 2021
Alteration in road-based mobility services in cities is expected due to introduction of autonomou... more Alteration in road-based mobility services in cities is expected due to introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs). On-demand and shared services based on small capacity AVs emerge, which influence the modal share. The alteration has been estimated by simulation of scenarios; the travellers’ willingness-to-shift to an AV-based mobility service has been considered as a random variable in studies. In our developed modal share estimation method, the travellers’ current mobility habits and willingness-to-shift are considered. To determine the value of variables, a questionnaire survey was elaborated. The method was applied to calculate the modal shift in Budapest, Hungary. According to the results, willingness-to-shift is the highest among car users and the lowest among bikers. Based on the stated preferences, individual car use can be reduced by shared, on-demand, AV-based mobility services. Our method is applicable to determine the impacts of AVs.
A folyamatosan fejlődő jarmű- es informacios technologiak atalakitjak a jelenlegi kozlekedesi ren... more A folyamatosan fejlődő jarmű- es informacios technologiak atalakitjak a jelenlegi kozlekedesi rendszert. A kozlekedesi modok es eszkozok kozotti hatarok a megosztason alapulo kozlekedesi modok megjelenesevel elmosodnak, ami az autonom jarművek megjelenesevel tovabb fokozodik. A jovőben a jarműves mozgasok egy integralt, megosztott, smart mobilitasi szolgaltatas formajaban vehetők igenybe, ahol az automatizalas kovetkezteben az utaskezelesi funkciok es az utaskiszolgalo szemelyzet feladatai is megvaltoznak. Feltartuk a mobilitasi szolgaltatasokban bekovetkező valtozasokat, azonositva az ujszerű es jovőben elterjedő, megvaltozo mobilitasi formakat, valamint definialva az autonom szemelykozlekedessel osszefuggő alapvető fogalmakat. Kidolgoztuk az autonom jarműveket is alkalmazo varosi szemelykozlekedesi rendszer modelljet, figyelembe veve a jarművek fokozatos megjeleneseből adodo dinamizmust is. Azonositottuk az utaskezelesi funkciokat, valamint azok fejlesztesi lehetősegeit; majd megh...
Emerging infocommunication and vehicle technologies (e.g. autonomous vehicle) facilitate evolveme... more Emerging infocommunication and vehicle technologies (e.g. autonomous vehicle) facilitate evolvement of autonomous public transportation in urban areas. It involves launching new service concepts (e.g. telematics-based shared demand responsive transportation), transformation of existing modes and automatization of passenger handling functions. However, there are debates about which processes how to be utomatized. The aim is to replace human personnel by machines so as to improve service quality and decrease expenditures. The research questions were, how the functions are to be automatized and what the consequences are on both the machine and the human side. All the passenger handling functions, the existing and altering ones as well as the new functions have been investigated in process and system oriented approach. We have considered the most relevant technological novelties and their application opportunities, and then the required abilities (skills) of travelers. We have revealed ...
A mobilitasi igenyek jellemzőinek es a minősegi elvarasok valtozasa miatt a kozlekedők egyre inka... more A mobilitasi igenyek jellemzőinek es a minősegi elvarasok valtozasa miatt a kozlekedők egyre inkabb igenylik a helyvaltoztatasra es annak előkeszitesere forditott idő csokkenteset, a helyvaltoztatas kellemesse tetelet, es a megbizhato adatokon alapulo utazastervezest.Ezert a nemzetkozi es a hazai kutatasok is kiterjedten foglalkoznak az utazastervezes optimalizalasaval. Leteznek peldaertekű alkalmazasok, azonban ezek szemelyre szabott jellege esetleges es csekely mertekű.. A bemutatott kutatas ujdonsagereje abban rejlik, hogy pontos fizikai jellemzőket es a felhasznaloi elvarasokat figyelembe veve valosaghű az ertekeles.
Az autonóm személygépjárművek fejlesztése rendkívül felgyorsult; a technológia érettsége közelít ... more Az autonóm személygépjárművek fejlesztése rendkívül felgyorsult; a technológia érettsége közelít a piaci bevezethetőséghez. Az autonóm egyéni és közösségi használatú járművek megjelenése alapjaiban változtatja meg a városi közlekedést, ezért az átalakulás várható hatásainak vizsgálata különösen időszerű. Rendszerszemléletben dolgoztuk ki az autonóm személyközlekedés működési modelljét. Azonosítottuk a mobilitási szolgáltatásokban bekövetkező változásokat, feltárva az új és a változó közlekedési módokat. Különös hangsúlyt fektettünk az utazói elvárások, szokások és viselkedés vizsgálatára. Feltártuk és elemeztük az autonóm személyközlekedés, mint rendszer, külső-belső kapcsolatrendszerét. Megállapítottuk a hatások mértékét és összefüggéseit. Az eredmények a jövő közlekedésének további részletes elemzéséhez, modellezéséhez szolgálnak alapul.
The current transportation system, services, and traveler’s habit are altering as the Autonomous ... more The current transportation system, services, and traveler’s habit are altering as the Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) emerge. The individual car travels are more and more replaced by shared, demand-driven mobility services based on small capacity AVs. The exploration of user expectations is needed to plan, organize and operate these novel mobility services properly. The questions of our research were: what kind of service characteristics are expected by the travelers and how the expectations are influenced by the socio-demographic characteristics. Accordingly, the mobility services and the planning functions were identified. The traveler expectations were measured by a complex questionnaire survey. Several correlations between the socio-demographic characteristics or current mobility habits and the expectations towards the future services were revealed. The results can be applied for planning the transport process and the related information management.
Abstract Limited range of electric vehicles is still a huge barrier compared to conventional vehi... more Abstract Limited range of electric vehicles is still a huge barrier compared to conventional vehicles. A well-established charging station network, which is derived from users' charging demand, facilitates the spread of electric vehicles and lessens the range anxiety. Several methods have been developed for locating fast-charging stations along national roads in Europe according to the given objective function. In this paper, an arc-based location optimisation method realized by using a geographic information system and greedy algorithm is presented. An ‘oil stain’ deployment strategy is used to achieve even coverage with the minimum number of fast-charging stations along the roads. Several demographic, neighbourhood, and transport-related attributes, as well as the available services that influence the utilization of a fast-charging station, have been identified and their effects have been revealed in a systematic approach. The developed multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied to evaluate the rest areas along motorways and main roads and to propose deployment locations for fast-charging stations. The method was applied for Hungary as a case study and validated using real origin-destination (O-D) data. By the application of the locating method, the user can specify a network character by geographic parameters. The method can be especially beneficial if the O-D flows are unknown. Furthermore, the even distribution of the stations contributes to the high utilization of the fast-charging stations.
Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail thei... more Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail their cost accounting to the level of each line they operate. Models used, however, fail to utilise the level of precision state of the art technology would allow for; therefore, state-owned providers become uncompetitive. Implementing new technologies such as electric buses have high investment costs; thus, reconsidering the cost structure of an operator is essential. The aim of this paper is to introduce an innovative cost calculation method for battery electric bus operation. The novelty of the model is its foundation on telemetric data generated by sensors hosted in electric buses and the consequent use of marginal consumption costs instead of averages based on aggregations. The model introduced focuses on the cost of energy consumption, examines influencing factors, such as the effect of meteorological externalities on auxiliary systems, and considers driving dynamics. Nonetheless, fix costs such as amortisation and labour costs are also accounted for to give a complete picture of per passenger numbers. The model developed was applied as a case study to prove its applicability. We found that the climbed elevation positively correlates, while the number of stops served at a given distance negatively correlates with the increase in consumption. The model is better suited for improving the operative competitiveness of PTPs rather than as a tool for regulatory compliance.
Munkácsy András, Jászberényi Melinda (szerk.): Fenntarthatóság és reziliencia a mobilitásban, Akadémia Kiadó, 2022
Az elektromos városi autóbuszok üzemeltetési jellemzői jelentősen eltérnek a hagyományos dízelaut... more Az elektromos városi autóbuszok üzemeltetési jellemzői jelentősen eltérnek a hagyományos dízelautóbuszokétól. Ezért olyan üzemeltetést támogató módszerekre van szükség, amelyek figyelembe veszik a technológia sajátosságait. A töltőinfrastruktúra optimalizálását támogató modellt dolgoztunk ki, amelyet a budapesti Kőbánya városrész autóbusz-hálózatára alkalmaztunk. Meghatároztuk a statikus és dinamikus töltőberendezések közötti egyensúlyi pontot a telepítési költség szempontjából.
Transportation systems are complex and dynamic systems which are influenced by the advancement of... more Transportation systems are complex and dynamic systems which are influenced by the advancement of economy, society, environment and technology. The application of novel solutions in vehicle and information technologies and the need for sustainability result in significant changes that alter travellers’ behaviours, too. In this book, the concepts, correspondences, technologies, fields of application and further development directions related to passenger transportation systems, travel modes and operation are examined. Since the passenger transportation system is transforming more and more into a special automated information system, the book deals with the modelling methods of complex information systems and the application of models related to transportation. We present, evaluate and compare novel travel modes and solutions and give a realistic scenario for the upcoming changes and opportunities. This book is the result of our continuous research. Primarily, we synthesize the long-standing knowledge that is the basic requirement of a master course (MSc). Hence, we use a high level of abstraction. We consider it important that MSc students realize the logical correspondences focusing on systems and processes, building on the knowledge they acquired previously, during their BSc courses. Thus, the graduates can take a significant part in the operational management, as well as the planning, research, development and innovation of complex systems.
The application of novel solutions in vehicle and information technologies and the need for susta... more The application of novel solutions in vehicle and information technologies and the need for sustainability result in significant change in urban mobility. Moreover, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to contribute to this alteration as well. The mobility is considered not only a single trip from A to B anymore but a comprehensive service. Shared and demand-driven services are more and more available besides traditional transportation modes. Modes are presented, evaluated, and compared, giving a realistic scenario for upcoming changes and opportunities. The development of the passenger transportation system requires an integrated approach considering user expectations. It is facilitated by the concept of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), in which improvement of the quality has higher relevance than before. The impacts of the alteration are also summarized.
The use of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has the potential to transform users’ behaviour and urban sp... more The use of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has the potential to transform users’ behaviour and urban space management. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of impacts require a scenario building method. We considered the fleet size, modal share, car ownership, parking preferences, and urban space repurposing during the elaboration of a novel method. Existing scenarios and results of a questionnaire survey have been used as sources. The method was applied to build scenarios in a case study in Budapest, Hungary. The results were used to calculate the impacts on urban space management, including environmental savings. The key findings are: scenarios with significant shared AV use show that parking demand may be minimised (almost 83%) and urban space repurposing has the highest potential; furthermore, AV use and sharing acceptability may decrease the fleet size and alter the type of shared mode to multiple occupancies. The developed scenario building method serves as a base for future studie...
Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail thei... more Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail their cost accounting to the level of each line they operate. Models used, however, fail to utilise the level of precision state of the art technology would allow for; therefore, state-owned providers become uncompetitive. Implementing new technologies such as electric buses have high investment costs; thus, reconsidering the cost structure of an operator is essential. The aim of this paper is to introduce an innovative cost calculation method for battery electric bus operation. The novelty of the model is its foundation on telemetric data generated by sensors hosted in electric buses and the consequent use of marginal consumption costs instead of averages based on aggregations. The model introduced focuses on the cost of energy consumption, examines influencing factors, such as the effect of meteorological externalities on auxiliary systems, and considers driving dynamics. Nonetheless, fix costs such as amortisation and labour costs are also accounted for to give a complete picture of per passenger numbers. The model developed was applied as a case study to prove its applicability. We found that the climbed elevation positively correlates, while the number of stops served at a given distance negatively correlates with the increase in consumption. The model is better suited for improving the operative competitiveness of PTPs rather than as a tool for regulatory compliance.
Az autonóm járművek megjelenésével várhatóan a városi, közúti mobilitási szolgáltatások is átalak... more Az autonóm járművek megjelenésével várhatóan a városi, közúti mobilitási szolgáltatások is átalakulnak. Igény-alapú, kiskapacitású járművel megvalósított, a jármű és a férőhely megosztást alkalmazó, személyre szabott eljutást kínáló mobilitási szolgáltatások terjednek el, ami a modal-share változását is eredményezheti. A változást eddig különböző jövőképek szimulációjával becsülték, a felhasználók váltási hajlandóságát valószínűségi változóként vették figyelembe. Olyan módszert dolgoztunk ki a városi modal-share változás számításához, amelyben figyelembe vesszük az utazók jelenlegi mobilitási szokásait és váltási hajlandóságát. A változók értékeinek meghatározásához kérdőíves módszert fejlesztettünk. A számítási módszert a budapesti modal-shift becslésére alkalmaztuk. Az eredmények a jelenlegi egyéni gépjármű használóknál mutatták a legnagyobb, míg a kerékpárosoknál a legkisebb váltási hajlandóságot. Megállapítottuk, hogy a kinyilvánított preferenciák alapján, az egyéni gépjárműhasz...
Efficiency enhancement for urban mobility is one of the key elements in smart city conceptions. N... more Efficiency enhancement for urban mobility is one of the key elements in smart city conceptions. Nowadays, there is significant underutilization of vehicle capacities in the case of individual vehicles, taxis, and vehicles, especially for food or small package delivery services. The motivation of our research is to reveal opportunities for so-called dynamic, combined ridesourcing service. Passengers and certain goods sharing the same destination can be transported in shared vehicles. Since such novel service concepts are based on new forms of information management, the research question is: how the information systems and the operations are to be modeled in order to create the service. In such a service, demands and capacities are coordinated by dynamic prices based on real-time data. The logical correspondences of pricing are also revealed. During model development, we considered autonomous vehicles as well, because their emergence requires fundamentally new operational approaches. Accordingly, the developed information management method can be adopted for services based on autonomous vehicles. The results provide a basis for innovation and development of these services.
International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure, 2021
Alteration in road-based mobility services in cities is expected due to introduction of autonomou... more Alteration in road-based mobility services in cities is expected due to introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs). On-demand and shared services based on small capacity AVs emerge, which influence the modal share. The alteration has been estimated by simulation of scenarios; the travellers’ willingness-to-shift to an AV-based mobility service has been considered as a random variable in studies. In our developed modal share estimation method, the travellers’ current mobility habits and willingness-to-shift are considered. To determine the value of variables, a questionnaire survey was elaborated. The method was applied to calculate the modal shift in Budapest, Hungary. According to the results, willingness-to-shift is the highest among car users and the lowest among bikers. Based on the stated preferences, individual car use can be reduced by shared, on-demand, AV-based mobility services. Our method is applicable to determine the impacts of AVs.
A folyamatosan fejlődő jarmű- es informacios technologiak atalakitjak a jelenlegi kozlekedesi ren... more A folyamatosan fejlődő jarmű- es informacios technologiak atalakitjak a jelenlegi kozlekedesi rendszert. A kozlekedesi modok es eszkozok kozotti hatarok a megosztason alapulo kozlekedesi modok megjelenesevel elmosodnak, ami az autonom jarművek megjelenesevel tovabb fokozodik. A jovőben a jarműves mozgasok egy integralt, megosztott, smart mobilitasi szolgaltatas formajaban vehetők igenybe, ahol az automatizalas kovetkezteben az utaskezelesi funkciok es az utaskiszolgalo szemelyzet feladatai is megvaltoznak. Feltartuk a mobilitasi szolgaltatasokban bekovetkező valtozasokat, azonositva az ujszerű es jovőben elterjedő, megvaltozo mobilitasi formakat, valamint definialva az autonom szemelykozlekedessel osszefuggő alapvető fogalmakat. Kidolgoztuk az autonom jarműveket is alkalmazo varosi szemelykozlekedesi rendszer modelljet, figyelembe veve a jarművek fokozatos megjeleneseből adodo dinamizmust is. Azonositottuk az utaskezelesi funkciokat, valamint azok fejlesztesi lehetősegeit; majd megh...
Emerging infocommunication and vehicle technologies (e.g. autonomous vehicle) facilitate evolveme... more Emerging infocommunication and vehicle technologies (e.g. autonomous vehicle) facilitate evolvement of autonomous public transportation in urban areas. It involves launching new service concepts (e.g. telematics-based shared demand responsive transportation), transformation of existing modes and automatization of passenger handling functions. However, there are debates about which processes how to be utomatized. The aim is to replace human personnel by machines so as to improve service quality and decrease expenditures. The research questions were, how the functions are to be automatized and what the consequences are on both the machine and the human side. All the passenger handling functions, the existing and altering ones as well as the new functions have been investigated in process and system oriented approach. We have considered the most relevant technological novelties and their application opportunities, and then the required abilities (skills) of travelers. We have revealed ...
A mobilitasi igenyek jellemzőinek es a minősegi elvarasok valtozasa miatt a kozlekedők egyre inka... more A mobilitasi igenyek jellemzőinek es a minősegi elvarasok valtozasa miatt a kozlekedők egyre inkabb igenylik a helyvaltoztatasra es annak előkeszitesere forditott idő csokkenteset, a helyvaltoztatas kellemesse tetelet, es a megbizhato adatokon alapulo utazastervezest.Ezert a nemzetkozi es a hazai kutatasok is kiterjedten foglalkoznak az utazastervezes optimalizalasaval. Leteznek peldaertekű alkalmazasok, azonban ezek szemelyre szabott jellege esetleges es csekely mertekű.. A bemutatott kutatas ujdonsagereje abban rejlik, hogy pontos fizikai jellemzőket es a felhasznaloi elvarasokat figyelembe veve valosaghű az ertekeles.
Az autonóm személygépjárművek fejlesztése rendkívül felgyorsult; a technológia érettsége közelít ... more Az autonóm személygépjárművek fejlesztése rendkívül felgyorsult; a technológia érettsége közelít a piaci bevezethetőséghez. Az autonóm egyéni és közösségi használatú járművek megjelenése alapjaiban változtatja meg a városi közlekedést, ezért az átalakulás várható hatásainak vizsgálata különösen időszerű. Rendszerszemléletben dolgoztuk ki az autonóm személyközlekedés működési modelljét. Azonosítottuk a mobilitási szolgáltatásokban bekövetkező változásokat, feltárva az új és a változó közlekedési módokat. Különös hangsúlyt fektettünk az utazói elvárások, szokások és viselkedés vizsgálatára. Feltártuk és elemeztük az autonóm személyközlekedés, mint rendszer, külső-belső kapcsolatrendszerét. Megállapítottuk a hatások mértékét és összefüggéseit. Az eredmények a jövő közlekedésének további részletes elemzéséhez, modellezéséhez szolgálnak alapul.
The current transportation system, services, and traveler’s habit are altering as the Autonomous ... more The current transportation system, services, and traveler’s habit are altering as the Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) emerge. The individual car travels are more and more replaced by shared, demand-driven mobility services based on small capacity AVs. The exploration of user expectations is needed to plan, organize and operate these novel mobility services properly. The questions of our research were: what kind of service characteristics are expected by the travelers and how the expectations are influenced by the socio-demographic characteristics. Accordingly, the mobility services and the planning functions were identified. The traveler expectations were measured by a complex questionnaire survey. Several correlations between the socio-demographic characteristics or current mobility habits and the expectations towards the future services were revealed. The results can be applied for planning the transport process and the related information management.
Abstract Limited range of electric vehicles is still a huge barrier compared to conventional vehi... more Abstract Limited range of electric vehicles is still a huge barrier compared to conventional vehicles. A well-established charging station network, which is derived from users' charging demand, facilitates the spread of electric vehicles and lessens the range anxiety. Several methods have been developed for locating fast-charging stations along national roads in Europe according to the given objective function. In this paper, an arc-based location optimisation method realized by using a geographic information system and greedy algorithm is presented. An ‘oil stain’ deployment strategy is used to achieve even coverage with the minimum number of fast-charging stations along the roads. Several demographic, neighbourhood, and transport-related attributes, as well as the available services that influence the utilization of a fast-charging station, have been identified and their effects have been revealed in a systematic approach. The developed multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied to evaluate the rest areas along motorways and main roads and to propose deployment locations for fast-charging stations. The method was applied for Hungary as a case study and validated using real origin-destination (O-D) data. By the application of the locating method, the user can specify a network character by geographic parameters. The method can be especially beneficial if the O-D flows are unknown. Furthermore, the even distribution of the stations contributes to the high utilization of the fast-charging stations.
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) facilitate alteration in the passenger transportation. Shared, demand-d... more Autonomous vehicles (AVs) facilitate alteration in the passenger transportation. Shared, demand-driven mobility services based on small-capacity AVs emerge in urban areas. In order to provide highly personalized services and to enhance the acceptance of AVs, the user expectations are to be revealed. The research question is what kind of information is needed to plan various service types with the consideration of user expectations and operational constraints. Accordingly, the planning functions, as well as their input and output data have been identified. Then, the connections between the functions have been explored. In order to provide input data for planning functions, we have elaborated a data collection method applying a questionnaire survey with stated preferences. Based on the survey data correlations could be revealed between socio-demographic characteristics or mobility habits and expected mobility service attributes. The results can be used as a framework for planning mobility services based on AVs.
Before the widespread use of autonomous vehicles, it is needed to reveal the travelers' inten... more Before the widespread use of autonomous vehicles, it is needed to reveal the travelers' intentions and behavior patterns; with the conclusions gained appropriate response can be provided by the vehicle in a conflict situation. This paper focuses on vehicle-pedestrian conflict points. The aim was to elaborate a method to prevent pedestrians from being hit by an autonomous vehicle. Typical pedestrian movements have been identified by an on-site measurement and a questionnaire survey. Pedestrian crossing patterns were categorized based on the onsite measurement, whereas general habits and feelings behind a crossing were identified by the questionnaire survey. We found that the typical approach angle of a crossing point is 90 degrees. Moreover, the movements approaching a crossing point are strongly influenced by the environment (e.g. location of public transportation stop). Additionally, crossing behavior is strongly influenced by gender. The results support the prediction of pedestrians' position, which can be used in the software development of autonomous vehicles.
Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, 2021
AbstractAutomation in road public transportation has been facilitated by the emergence of infocom... more AbstractAutomation in road public transportation has been facilitated by the emergence of infocommunication and vehicle technologies. The widely accepted definitions of automation level focus solel...
Urban mobility is particularly affected by technology development. This research focuses on the m... more Urban mobility is particularly affected by technology development. This research focuses on the mobility system of cities in the foreseeable futurethat is, until the 2030s. A systematic literature review (SLR) of 62 scientific documents and 52 scenarios predicted and developed by researchers are presented here, providing a comprehensive picture of current urban transport research perspectives. Based on a complex method built for this review, four scenarios ('Grumpy old transport', 'At an easy pace', 'Mine is yours', and 'Tech-eager mobility') have been created, each forecasting a different path towards future urban mobility. The scenarios so formed describe the expected role and potential of emerging mobility solutions (namely autonomous vehicles, shared mobility, and electrification) and include socioeconomic and environmental perspectives. By 2030, most likely pathways are the 'At an easy pace' or the 'Mine is yours' scenarios, which means that only an incremental advance, such as a slow shift towards self-driving, electric and shared vehicle use is predicted.
XX. EUROPEAN TRANSPORT CONGRESS and XII. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on TRANSPORT SCIENCES, 2022
Infrastructure and vehicle manufacturers create standard vehicles all over the world though the c... more Infrastructure and vehicle manufacturers create standard vehicles all over the world though the characteristic of vehicle use and electromobility system is different in countries and continents. In our research, Chinese and Hungarian characteristics and peculiarities are analysed; special focus is given to the applicability and involvement of renewable energy sources. Considering the limitations of data collection, two regions are selected: Chongqing region of China and Hungary. This paper is part of a long-term project which final aim is the elaboration of methods that maximize the energy efficiency of electric road vehicles during movements and charging. The first step of cooperation is the road electromobility system analysis according to energy production, vehicle stock, charging facility, operational aspects, and incentives. The results are summarized and compared in this paper. It was found that despite the similar size of the areas, the population density, subsidies, and vehicle industry have a significant impact on electromobility. China provides an indirect support through subsidies to the national electric car and battery manufacturers. In Hungary, the main aim is to reduce global emission of road traffic. Accordingly, pure electric vehicles are favoured in Chongqing, and plug-in electric vehicles in Hungary. Another key finding that public charging plays a significantly greater role in Chongqing than in Hungary.
XX. EUROPEAN TRANSPORT CONGRESS and XII. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on TRANSPORT SCIENCES, 2022
The barriers between mobility subsystems are to be broken. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is implem... more The barriers between mobility subsystems are to be broken. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is implemented as a platform-based, integrated mobility service, which is open to facilitate further cooperation of mobility related services. The joint operation of smart parking, smart charging, and smart grid services could be expected, as the charging and energy management of road electric vehicle is a supplementary task during parking. Considering this tendency within the MaaS framework, the research question is how the information flow coordinates the smart parking-based charging service. The research objective is to elaborate an information system concept to provide public parking-based charging service in MaaS. The system engineering, process-oriented approach is applied. The information system architecture and its main functions are elaborated, as well as the calculation method of energy power distribution regarding energy management function. Our results intend to support information system planning for such parking-based charging service.
Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail thei... more Regulatory environment in the EU already mandates public transport providers (PTP) to detail their cost accounting to the level of each line they operate. Models used, however, fail to utilise the level of precision state of the art technology would allow for; therefore, state-owned providers become uncompetitive. Implementing new technologies such as electric buses have high investment costs; thus, reconsidering the cost structure of an operator is essential. The aim of this paper is to introduce an innovative cost calculation method for battery electric bus operation. The novelty of the model is its foundation on telemetric data generated by sensors hosted in electric buses and the consequent use of marginal consumption costs instead of averages based on aggregations. The model introduced focuses on the cost of energy consumption, examines influencing factors, such as the effect of meteorological externalities on auxiliary systems, and considers driving dynamics. Nonetheless, fix costs such as amortisation and labour costs are also accounted for to give a complete picture of per passenger numbers. The model developed was applied as a case study to prove its applicability. We found that the climbed elevation positively correlates, while the number of stops served at a given distance negatively correlates with the increase in consumption. The model is better suited for improving the operative competitiveness of PTPs rather than as a tool for regulatory compliance.
6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure, 2021
Alteration in road-based mobility services in cities is expected due to introduction of autonomou... more Alteration in road-based mobility services in cities is expected due to introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs). On-demand and shared services based on small capacity AVs emerge, which influence the modal share. The alteration has been estimated by simulation of scenarios; the travellers' willingness-to-shift to an AV-based mobility service has been considered as a random variable in studies. In our developed modal share estimation method, the travellers' current mobility habits and willingness-to-shift are considered. To determine the value of variables, a questionnaire survey was elaborated. The method was applied to calculate the modal shift in Budapest, Hungary. According to the results, willingness-to-shift is the highest among car users and the lowest among bikers. Based on the stated preferences, individual car use can be reduced by shared, on-demand, AV-based mobility services. Our method is applicable to determine the impacts of AVs.
6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure, 2021
The integration in transport informatics is facilitated by the rapid development of Information a... more The integration in transport informatics is facilitated by the rapid development of Information and Communication Technology. One of the realizations of the integration is Mobility as a Service (MaaS), which is proposed as a data-driven, user-centric, personalized mobility service. It integrates various forms of mobility services covering the entire travel chain. Qualitative methods have been applied in existing studies to analyse the integration of MaaS. However, a comprehensive quantitative method is still missing, which could be introduced as a supplementary tool to compare MaaS services. Therefore, we have developed a weighted elaboration method to calculate the complex integration index for MaaS systems. Three aspects are determined as variables, which are the functions of the MaaS application, involved transport modes as well as the tariff structure. Moreover, the organization as the backbone of such integration is considered as the fourth aspect. The integration phases of MaaS are introduced regarding these four aspects, then the calculation method of the complex index is developed by considering the weighted variables. Fourteen MaaS services are evaluated with the method and categorized by organization aspect. We found that public authority is proposed to be the inter-city MaaS operator, and the private company is proposed to be the MaaS operator in intra-city or national level. Our method may support decision-makers to have an abstract overview of MaaS and identify the possible development stage.
Autonomous vehicles contribute to the development of on-demand mobility services for commuters in... more Autonomous vehicles contribute to the development of on-demand mobility services for commuters in a metropolitan area. The aim of our research is to develop a method of determining the number of collection points for a shared autonomous vehicle-based mobility service. In the service, microcars are used to serve the demands. However, only the first and last kilometers of a trip are done by the microcars; they are transported together on a trailer for common route sections. The boarding and alighting of microcars are managed in collection points. The collection point number determination method is based on Newton’s model of gravity; variables about territorial and commuting aspects were considered (e.g., distance, public transportation availability, population, job opportunities, modal share, willingness to change). The method was applied to a certain part of the Budapest metropolitan area as a case study. The results contribute to the introduction of autonomous vehicle-based mobility services.
Modal shift to micromobility, namely bicycle and scooter, has the potential to impact urban space... more Modal shift to micromobility, namely bicycle and scooter, has the potential to impact urban space through the changes in parking demand. Investigating the factors affecting the shift and its likelihood is necessary to forecast the changes. In this paper, a novel method for the estimation of parking demand generated by rising micromobility use is presented. Private and shared ownerships, docking types (dockless and docked), users’ preferences, trip characteristics, and endogenous factors are considered. Sections of a questionnaire survey are proposed to provide inputs to the method. The method is validated using a simulation. The key findings are: (i) shifting from car use reduces car parking demand by 37%, freeing urban space up; (ii) public transport/walking shift to micromobility requires 17% more parking spaces for bicycle and scooter, increasing the demand for urban space; (iii) shared docked mobility forms require 67% more urban space than dockless ones. The application of the method allows a detailed analysis of the barriers to modal shift and facilitates the proposition of efficient measures to improve the shifting.
X. Nemzetközi Közlekedéstudományi Konferencia, 2020
A technológia fejlődésének köszönhetően számos új jelenség figyelhető meg a városi személyközleke... more A technológia fejlődésének köszönhetően számos új jelenség figyelhető meg a városi személyközlekedési rendszerben. Teret nyernek a fenntartható és megosztáson alapuló mobilitási szolgáltatások, és egyre hangsúlyosabbá válik az automatizálás, melynek hatására a közeljövőben az autonóm járművek számottevő terjedése várható. A kutatások többsége elsősorban az önvezető járműtechnológiára és azok teljes elterjedésére fókuszálnak, míg a közeljövő változásainak, az ún. átmeneti időszaknak a vizsgálata jelenleg kevésbé hangsúlyos a szakirodalomban. Ebből kiindulva kutatásunk célja a városi személyközlekedési rendszer változásainak vizsgálata a belátható jövőre (2030) vonatkozóan. A téma feltárásához szekunder kutatást végeztünk, amely során a különböző mobilitási jelenségek (járműmegosztás, elektromos meghajtású járművek stb.) és az önvezető járművek terjedését vizsgáló tudományos cikkeket elemeztük. Az elemzés alapján a belátható jövőre vonatkozóan különböző fejlődési irányú forgatókönyveket alakítottunk ki. Az újonnan létrehozott négy forgatókönyv (Grumpy old transport: Jó öreg közlekedés, At an easy pace: Csak szép nyugodtan, Mine is yours: Az enyém a tiéd is, Tech-eager mobility: Techmániás mobilitás) a fenntartható és megosztáson alapuló mobilitási szolgáltatások, valamint az automatizálás szerepét és alkalmazási lehetőségeit írják le közlekedési és társadalmi-gazdasági vonatkozásban, melyek további, a városi személyközlekedést vizsgáló társadalomtudományi kutatások alapjául használhatók fel.
X. Nemzetközi Közlekedéstudományi Konferencia, 2020
Az autonóm járművek széleskörű elterjedéséhez a többi közlekedő szándékának és viselkedési mintáz... more Az autonóm járművek széleskörű elterjedéséhez a többi közlekedő szándékának és viselkedési mintázatának feltárása szükséges, amelyek felhasználásával a jármű megfelelő reakciót tud adni konfliktus helyzetekben. Kutatásunk során a jármű-gyalogos találkozásra helyeztük a hangsúlyt. Célunk az elütéses balesetek megelőzését elősegítő módszer kidolgozása volt. Csomóponti helyszíni mérések és kérdőíves felmérés segítségével azonosítottunk a jellegzetes gyalogos mozgásokat. A helyszíni mérés alapján kategorizáltuk a gyalogátkelőhely-megközelítési mintázatokat, míg a kérdőíves kikérdezés alapján általános úttestkeresztezéssel kapcsolatos szokásokat és érzéseket tártunk fel. Megállapítottuk, hogy átkelés előtt az átkelőhely jellemző megközelítési szöge 90 fok, továbbá, hogy a gyalogátkelőhely megközelítést erősen befolyásolja a környezet (pl. közforgalmú közlekedési megálló közelsége), míg az átkelési viselkedést a gyalogátkelőhely kiépítettsége és a gyalogosok neme. Az eredmények a gyalogos lelépések előre becsléséhez nyújtanak segítséget, amelyeket az autonóm járművek szoftveres fejlesztésénél lehet felhasználni.
X. Nemzetközi Közlekedéstudományi Konferencia, 2020
Az autonóm járművek megjelenésével várhatóan a városi, közúti mobilitási szolgáltatások is átalak... more Az autonóm járművek megjelenésével várhatóan a városi, közúti mobilitási szolgáltatások is átalakulnak. Igény-alapú, kiskapacitású járművel megvalósított, a jármű és a férőhely megosztást alkalmazó, személyre szabott eljutást kínáló mobilitási szolgáltatások terjednek el, ami a modal-share változását is eredményezheti. A változást eddig különböző jövőképek szimulációjával becsülték, a felhasználók váltási hajlandóságát valószínűségi változóként vették figyelembe. Olyan módszert dolgoztunk ki a városi modal-share változás számításához, amelyben figyelembe vesszük az utazók jelenlegi mobilitási szokásait és váltási hajlandóságát. A változók értékeinek meghatározásához kérdőíves módszert fejlesztettünk. A számítási módszert a budapesti modal-shift becslésére alkalmaztuk. Az eredmények a jelenlegi egyéni gépjármű használóknál mutatták a legnagyobb, míg a kerékpárosoknál a legkisebb váltási hajlandóságot. Megállapítottuk, hogy a kinyilvánított preferenciák alapján, az egyéni gépjárműhasználat jelentősen csökkenthető igényalapú, megosztott autonóm közúti járműves szolgáltatással. A módszer az autonóm járművek hatásainak kvantitatív meghatározásánál használható.
Before the widespread use of autonomous vehicles, it is needed to reveal the travelers' intention... more Before the widespread use of autonomous vehicles, it is needed to reveal the travelers' intentions and behavior patterns; with the conclusions gained appropriate response can be provided by the vehicle in a conflict situation. This paper focuses on vehicle-pedestrian conflict points. The aim was to elaborate a method to prevent pedestrians from being hit by an autonomous vehicle. Typical pedestrian movements have been identified by an on-site measurement and a questionnaire survey. Pedestrian crossing patterns were categorized based on the on-site measurement, whereas general habits and feelings behind a crossing were identified by the questionnaire survey. We found that the typical approach angle of a crossing point is 90 degrees. Moreover, the movements approaching a crossing point are strongly influenced by the environment (e.g. location of public transportation stop). Additionally, crossing behavior is strongly influenced by gender. The results support the prediction of pedestrians' position, which can be used in the software development of autonomous vehicles.
CMDTUR 2018 Proceedings of 8th International Scientific Conference, 2018
The current transportation system, services, and traveler's habit are altering as the Autonomous ... more The current transportation system, services, and traveler's habit are altering as the Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) emerge. The individual car travels are more and more replaced by shared, demand-driven mobility services based on small capacity AVs. The exploration of user expectations is needed to plan, organize and operate these novel mobility services properly. The questions of our research were: what kind of service characteristics are expected by the travelers and how the expectations are influenced by the socio-demographic characteristics. Accordingly, the mobility services and the planning functions were identified. The traveler expectations were measured by a complex questionnaire survey. Several correlations between the socio-demographic characteristics or current mobility habits and the expectations towards the future services were revealed. The results can be applied for planning the transport process and the related information management.
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) facilitate alteration in the passenger transportation. Shared, demand-d... more Autonomous vehicles (AVs) facilitate alteration in the passenger transportation. Shared, demand-driven mobility services based on small-capacity AVs emerge in urban areas. In order to provide highly personalized services and to enhance the acceptance of AVs, the user expectations are to be revealed. The research question is what kind of information is needed to plan various service types with the consideration of user expectations and operational constraints. Accordingly, the planning functions, as well as their input and output data have been identified. Then, the connections between the functions have been explored. In order to provide input data for planning functions, we have elaborated a data collection method applying a questionnaire survey with stated preferences. Based on the survey data correlations could be revealed between socio-demographic characteristics or mobility habits and expected mobility service attributes. The results can be used as a framework for planning mobility services based on AVs.
Efficiency enhancement for urban mobility is one of the key elements in smart city conceptions. N... more Efficiency enhancement for urban mobility is one of the key elements in smart city conceptions. Nowadays, there is significant underutilization of vehicle capacities in the case of individual vehicles, taxis, and vehicles, especially for food or small package delivery services. The motivation of our research is to reveal opportunities for so-called dynamic, combined ride-sourcing service. Passengers and certain goods sharing the same destination can be transported in shared vehicles. Since such novel service concepts are based on new forms of information management, the research question is: how the information systems and the operations are to be modeled in order to create the service. In such a service, demands and capacities are coordinated by dynamic prices based on real-time data. The logical correspondences of pricing are also revealed. During model development, we considered autonomous vehicles as well, because their emergence requires fundamentally new operational approaches. Accordingly, the developed information management method can be adopted for services based on autonomous vehicles. The results provide a basis for innovation and development of these services.
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survey with stated preferences. Based on the survey data correlations could be revealed between socio-demographic characteristics or mobility habits and expected mobility service attributes. The results can be used as a framework for planning mobility services based on AVs.
and development of these services.