History

This study in three parts aims to demonstrate that the king known from Jewish biblical texts as "Darius the Mede" is in fact an historical figure. He was installed king of Babylon by Cyrus the Great in 530 BCE and he ruled Babylonia down to 520 BCE. Identifying him has been hampered to a large degree due to an idealized king list tradition introduced by the Achaemenid king Darius Hystaspes and also because contemporary records in Babylonia naming the enigmatic Median ruler have been confused in modern times as records of his more famous Achaemenid namesake.

The Seleucid Era remains problematic because there were apparently two different starting points in two different calendar years. This has always implied the existence of two separate systems of year reckonings within the Seleucid empire but scholarly opinion has remained divided. This brief note attempts to elucidate the two eras and offer a new interpretation as to how and why they arose.

The Seleucid Era remains problematic because there were apparently two different starting points in two different calendar years. This has always implied the existence of two separate systems of year reckonings within the Seleucid empire but scholarly opinion has remained divided. This brief note attempts to elucidate the two eras and offer a new interpretation as to how and why they arose.

The discovery of numerous fragments of the Book of Jubilees among the Qumran corpus sparked renewed interest in the peculiar 364-day calendar advocated by the Jewish author of the work (ca. 200-150 BCE). This study demonstrates that embedded within the text are a set of precisely dated events which to the modern reader seem almost nonsensical, but they are put there to preserve the method by which the septenary calendar was intercalated. The calendar is therefore a practical one that was actually put into use. The study also contends that the calendar was the civil calendar of the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. The PDF file is chapter one of work.

Part II of this study presents evidence for a 13-year co-regency between Darius Hystaspes (509-473 BCE) and his son Xerxes (486-465 BCE). The gap this downdating creates in the period before Darius Hystaspes became king is to be filled with the reigns of the kings he omitted from his idealized version of the Babylonian kinglist as discussed in Part I.

Simultaneous measurements of mass transfer rates to quasisteadystate pendant aqueous droplets and rates of surface renewal due to Marangoni effects have been carried out using the water / toluene system with acetone as solute. The surface renewal measurements were made with the photochromic dye tracer technique reported earlier .

Local search procedures for solving satisfiabil-ity problems have attracted considerable attention since the development of GSAT in 1992. How-ever, recent work indicates that for many real-world problems, complete search methods have the ad-vantage, because modern ...

Recent research has focused on bridging the gap be-tween the satisfiability (SAT) and constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) formalisms. One approach has been to develop a many-valued SAT formula (MV-SAT) as an intermediate paradigm between SAT and ...

In this paper we describe a stochastic local search (SLS) procedure for finding models of satisfiable propositional formulae. This new algorithm, gNovelty+, draws on the fea-tures of two other WalkSAT family algorithms: AdaptNovelty+ and G2WSAT, while also successfully employing a ...

Zeolithe sind eine der wichtigsten Klassen von heterogenen Katalysatoren. Ihre mikroporosen Eigenschaften und die sich daraus ergebenden grooen Oberflachen sorgen sowohl fur hohe Selektivitat als auch fur hohe Aktivitat. Zwar konnen mittlerweile mehr als hundert zeolithartige Verbindungen rnit unterschiedlichen Porengeometrien hergestellt werden, doch ist ihre Synthese noch immer eine ,,schwarze Kunst". Zeolithe werden aus alkalischen Alumosilicat-Gelen hergestellt, die in einigen Fallen organische Kationen enthalten. Es gibt mindestens zwei Kristallisationswege: GemaB der ersten Route kristallisieren Gel-Partikel direkt ohne Materialtransport, was zu kugelformigen, hochgradig verzwillingten Kristallen fuhrt. Nach der zweiten wachsen einzelne Zeolithkristalle, wobei die zum Wachstum benotigten Teilchen dem Kristall aus der Gelphase zugefuhrt werden. Diese Untersuchung beschaftigt sich rnit Kristallisationen vom zweiten Typ.

The relative importance of intra-industry or inter-industry knowledge spillovers for the growth of cities remains an open question. Using a unique data set on the growth of 109 British cities during 1951-1991, we find evidence suggesting that the most important knowledge spillovers occur between rather than within industries, which is consistent with .