Svalbard er en norsk øygruppe i Nordishavet og består av alle øyer, holmer og skjær mellom 74 og 81 grader nordlig bredde og 10 og 35 grader østlig lengde. Tre øyer er befolket: Spitsbergen, Bjørnøya, og Hopen. Største bosetning er Longyearbyen. Etter Svalbardtraktaten (av 9. februar 1920) er Norge tilkjent full og uinnskrenket suverenitet over Svalbard, med de begrensningene som følger av traktaten. Ifølge lov av 17. juli 1925 er Svalbard en del av Kongeriket Norge og er ikke et biland.
Nynorsk: Svalbard er ei øygruppe i Nordishavet, og utgjør alle øyar, holmar og skjer mellom 74 og 81 grader nordlig bredde og 10 og 35 grader austlig lengde. Den totale storleiken er på ca 62 050 km². Dei største øyane er Spitsbergen, Nordaustlandet, Edgeøya, og Bjørnøya. Etter Svalbardtraktaten (av 9. februar 1920) er Noreg tilkjent full og uinnskrenka suverenitet over Svalbard, med dei begrensningane som fylgjer av traktaten. I fylgje lov av 17. juli 1925 er Svalbard en del av Kongeriket Noreg.
Шпицберген — остров в составе принадлежащего Норвегии архипелага Свальбард, расположенного между северной частью Атлантического океана и Северным Ледовитым океаном. Общая площадь — 61 723 км².
Svalbard is an archipelago lying in the Arctic Ocean north of mainland Europe, about midway between ► Norway and the North Pole, east of ► Greenland. It consists of a group of islands ranging from 76° to 81° North, and 10° to 35° East. The archipelago is the northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway. Three islands are populated: Spitsbergen, Bjørnøya, and Hopen. The largest settlement is Longyearbyen. The Svalbard Treaty recognises Norwegian sovereignty over Svalbard. With the 1925 Svalbard Act, Norway chose to make Svalbard a part of the Kingdom, and it remains one of four special entities whose status is recognized by international treaty in the world today.
Short name
Svalbard
Official name
Svalbard
Status
► Norwegian since 1920, part of Norway since 1925, with international treaty rights for other countries
This section holds a short summary of the history of the area of present-day Svalbard, illustrated with maps, including historical maps of former countries and empires that included present-day Svalbard.
Spitzbergen is discovered by Norwegian fisherman in 1194 and rediscovered by the Dutchman Willem Barentz in 1596. In 1920 Norwegian sovereignity over what it calls Svalbard is recognized and in 1925 Norway officially annexes the islands. Between 1942 and 1943 Spitzbergen is occupied by Germany. Svalbard includes Bjornoya (Bear Island). Spitzbergen is administered as part of the mainland.
Old maps
This section holds copies of original general maps more than 70 years old.
Portion of 1599 map of Arctic exploration by Willem Barentsz. Spitsbergen, here mapped for the first time, is indicated as "Het Nieuwe Land" (Dutch for "the New Land")
Satellite maps
Satellite image
Notes and references
General remarks:
The WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. The main page is therefore the portal to maps and cartography on Wikimedia. That page contains links to entries by country, continent and by topic as well as general notes and references.
Every entry has an introduction section in English. If other languages are native and/or official in an entity, introductions in other languages are added in separate sections. The text of the introduction(s) is based on the content of the Wikipedia encyclopedia. For sources of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries linked to. The same goes for the texts in the history sections.
Historical maps are included in the continent, country and dependency entries.
The status of various entities is disputed. See the content for the entities concerned.
The maps of former countries that are more or less continued by a present-day country or had a territory included in only one or two countries are included in the atlas of the present-day country. For example the Ottoman Empire can be found in the Atlas of Turkey.
↑Romanization of Russian according to the BGN/PCGN standard: Sval'bard. Another used romanization is the ISO 9 standard.
