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Patsy Kraeger

California State University, Bakersfield, Public Policy and Administration, Faculty Member

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Patsy received her Ph.D. in Public Administration from the School of Public Affairs at Arizona State University. She has worked in the public, nonprofit and private sectors. . She is faculty associate at the ASU School of Public Affairs. She teaches Democracy Theory and Practice with a focus on participatory civic engagement as well as Public Management and Administration. She is also an adjunct at the Colangelo College of Business at Grand Canyon University where she teaches graduate level courses in public administration. She has published in academic and practitioner journals and presented at scholarly and professional conferences. She is also interested in strategic nonprofit management and philanthropy as well research in the area of hybrid social benefit corporation outcomes with a lens in community well being and community development.

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Robbie Robichau

Georgia Southern University

City University of Hong Kong

Indiana University Indianapolis

Kandyce Fernandez

Arizona State University

Case Western Reserve University

Stuart C Mendel

Meilinda Trifatmasari

United States of surabaya

Case Western Reserve University

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Book Reviews by Patsy Kraeger

An Integrated Framework of Intersectorality.Nonprofitness ...

by Robbie Robichau and Patsy Kraeger

Cross-sector interactions have long occurred in the public delivery of goods, services, and inter... more Cross-sector interactions have long occurred in the public delivery of goods, services, and interests.
While scholars have often addressed cross-sector interactions using the dimensions of publicness
(state) and privateness (market), an intersectoral framework necessitates the understanding and
incorporation of nonprofitness to account for the dimensions of nonprofits along the public-private
continuum. This article proposes a framework for identifying the dimensions of nonprofits in an
intersectoral world and draws on relevant examples to illustrate the presence and influence of
nonprofitness. The article then focuses on the future of education in the field of public administration
and, in light of the proposed framework, makes and considers recommendations to help educational
programs better equip students to appreciate work across sectors.

Book Review: Advocacy Organizations and Collective Action

A review of Safeguarding Federalism: HowStates Protect Their Interests in National Policymaking.

Review of a book about religious based NGOs called for the Love of God.

role of faith-based organizations in the developing world. The book presents an example of the sh... more role of faith-based organizations in the developing world. The book presents an example of the sheer complexity that faith-based non-governmental organizations (FBOs) face when trying to attain organizational effectiveness and legitimacy. Flanigan sets the stage by giving an overview of the role of violence, conflict management, and religion in the developing world. Here, especially in conflict or post-conflict countries, it is non-governmental organizations (NGOs) rather than the state that provide services to the poor and the needy. Flanigan posits that religion can extend and reinforce biases and societal conflicts in service delivery. FBOs can serve dual purposes-charitable aims and the extension of conflict. This theme is constant throughout the book.

Nation Building: How Dysfunctional Nations Can AchieveLegitimacy and Prosperity in the Twenty-First Century

of law, strong state eff ectiveness, collaboration with citizens, and transparent and open govern... more

The Social Economy

NGO Legitimacy: Challenges with Globalization and Education Reform

Talks by Patsy Kraeger

Foundation Supported Social Enterprises

This talk in part 1 addresses how a private foundation uses a for-profit business organizational... more

Foundation Supported Social Enterprises (FOSE): Expanding the Use of Program Related Investments

This talk in part 2 addresses how a private foundation uses a for-profit business organizational... more

Next Gen Philanthropists and the Transfer of Intergenerational Wealth

p o s te d b y P a t s y Kra e ge r, P h.D.

Human Capital Performance Bonds. Wha tare they? How do they work?

Social Impact Bonds: A New Tool for Scaling Impact

Strengthening the Economy through Civic Engagement

When he visited America in 1831, French philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville was impressed with the ... more When he visited America in 1831, French philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville was impressed with the way Americans from all walks of life gathered together in associations. Tocqueville declared in Democracy in America that these associations were indispensable to a functional democracy and that the knowledge of how to work together was the "mother of all forms of knowledge" in a democratic country.

Transforming the Mindset from Charitable Giving to the Social Economy

p o s te d b y Pat sy Krae ge r, Ph.D.

Book Chapters by Patsy Kraeger

The Community Indicator and Community Foundation Interface: Exploring Best Practices and Standards

Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being Best Cases Vol IX , 2022

Community foundations (CF) exist to serve the communities in which they are based. Community indi... more Community foundations (CF) exist to serve the communities in which they are based. Community indicators exist to measure community changes, outcomes, conditions and progress towards goals. In this chapter, we explore how community indicators can be helpful in carrying out the core mission of community foundations. Recent literature has highlighted natural synergies between community indicators and community foundations, drawing particular attention to shared interest, vision and outcomes (Ridzi & Prior, International Journal of Community Well Being, 2020). As a result, both the community indicators and community foundation movements and scholarly research in these areas are able to greatly benefit expanding the field of practice and scholarship through alignment. Place-based philanthropy improves as a field of practice not only with a strategic outcome focus but also when guided by community indicators. In this chapter, we assert that a new regimen of best practices incorporating both the field of community indicators and the field of community foundations is needed. We conclude with a call for a better understanding of the extent to which community foundations across the U.S. and even globally can and should utilize community indicators to carry out the well-being.

Kraeger 2020 Chapter 15 RHCD

Building a Healthy Community: The Coastal Indicators Coalition in the Research Handbook for Community Development , 2020

This book chapter 15 in the Research Handbook on Community Development (2020) SBN: 978 1 78811 84... more

Kraeger, P., & Dahlstrom, T. “Establishing Community-Based Organizations” in R. Phillips & R. Pittman, eds., An Introduction to Community Development. (New York, NY: Routledge, 2014)

This chapter describes various types of community based organizations, central purpose and forms... more

Academic Encyclopedias by Patsy Kraeger

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: David and Lucile Packard Foundation. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: Habitat for Humanity. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

An Integrated Framework of Intersectorality.Nonprofitness ...

by Robbie Robichau and Patsy Kraeger

Cross-sector interactions have long occurred in the public delivery of goods, services, and inter... more Cross-sector interactions have long occurred in the public delivery of goods, services, and interests.
While scholars have often addressed cross-sector interactions using the dimensions of publicness
(state) and privateness (market), an intersectoral framework necessitates the understanding and
incorporation of nonprofitness to account for the dimensions of nonprofits along the public-private
continuum. This article proposes a framework for identifying the dimensions of nonprofits in an
intersectoral world and draws on relevant examples to illustrate the presence and influence of
nonprofitness. The article then focuses on the future of education in the field of public administration
and, in light of the proposed framework, makes and considers recommendations to help educational
programs better equip students to appreciate work across sectors.

Book Review: Advocacy Organizations and Collective Action

A review of Safeguarding Federalism: HowStates Protect Their Interests in National Policymaking.

Review of a book about religious based NGOs called for the Love of God.

role of faith-based organizations in the developing world. The book presents an example of the sh... more role of faith-based organizations in the developing world. The book presents an example of the sheer complexity that faith-based non-governmental organizations (FBOs) face when trying to attain organizational effectiveness and legitimacy. Flanigan sets the stage by giving an overview of the role of violence, conflict management, and religion in the developing world. Here, especially in conflict or post-conflict countries, it is non-governmental organizations (NGOs) rather than the state that provide services to the poor and the needy. Flanigan posits that religion can extend and reinforce biases and societal conflicts in service delivery. FBOs can serve dual purposes-charitable aims and the extension of conflict. This theme is constant throughout the book.

Nation Building: How Dysfunctional Nations Can AchieveLegitimacy and Prosperity in the Twenty-First Century

of law, strong state eff ectiveness, collaboration with citizens, and transparent and open govern... more

The Social Economy

NGO Legitimacy: Challenges with Globalization and Education Reform

Foundation Supported Social Enterprises

This talk in part 1 addresses how a private foundation uses a for-profit business organizational... more

Foundation Supported Social Enterprises (FOSE): Expanding the Use of Program Related Investments

This talk in part 2 addresses how a private foundation uses a for-profit business organizational... more

Next Gen Philanthropists and the Transfer of Intergenerational Wealth

p o s te d b y P a t s y Kra e ge r, P h.D.

Human Capital Performance Bonds. Wha tare they? How do they work?

Social Impact Bonds: A New Tool for Scaling Impact

Strengthening the Economy through Civic Engagement

When he visited America in 1831, French philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville was impressed with the ... more When he visited America in 1831, French philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville was impressed with the way Americans from all walks of life gathered together in associations. Tocqueville declared in Democracy in America that these associations were indispensable to a functional democracy and that the knowledge of how to work together was the "mother of all forms of knowledge" in a democratic country.

Transforming the Mindset from Charitable Giving to the Social Economy

p o s te d b y Pat sy Krae ge r, Ph.D.

The Community Indicator and Community Foundation Interface: Exploring Best Practices and Standards

Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being Best Cases Vol IX , 2022

Community foundations (CF) exist to serve the communities in which they are based. Community indi... more Community foundations (CF) exist to serve the communities in which they are based. Community indicators exist to measure community changes, outcomes, conditions and progress towards goals. In this chapter, we explore how community indicators can be helpful in carrying out the core mission of community foundations. Recent literature has highlighted natural synergies between community indicators and community foundations, drawing particular attention to shared interest, vision and outcomes (Ridzi & Prior, International Journal of Community Well Being, 2020). As a result, both the community indicators and community foundation movements and scholarly research in these areas are able to greatly benefit expanding the field of practice and scholarship through alignment. Place-based philanthropy improves as a field of practice not only with a strategic outcome focus but also when guided by community indicators. In this chapter, we assert that a new regimen of best practices incorporating both the field of community indicators and the field of community foundations is needed. We conclude with a call for a better understanding of the extent to which community foundations across the U.S. and even globally can and should utilize community indicators to carry out the well-being.

Kraeger 2020 Chapter 15 RHCD

Building a Healthy Community: The Coastal Indicators Coalition in the Research Handbook for Community Development , 2020

This book chapter 15 in the Research Handbook on Community Development (2020) SBN: 978 1 78811 84... more

Kraeger, P., & Dahlstrom, T. “Establishing Community-Based Organizations” in R. Phillips & R. Pittman, eds., An Introduction to Community Development. (New York, NY: Routledge, 2014)

This chapter describes various types of community based organizations, central purpose and forms... more

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: David and Lucile Packard Foundation. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: Habitat for Humanity. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: Center for Women’s Global Leadership. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: Charity Bank. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: Anti-Slavery International. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

Kraeger, P. (2010). Organizational Profile: Alliance for Justice. In Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, Regina List (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. New York, NY: Springer

An Integrated Framework for Intersectorality: Nonprofitness and Its Influence on Society and Public Administration Programs

Cross-sector interactions have long occurred in the public delivery of goods, services, and inter... more Cross-sector interactions have long occurred in the public delivery of goods, services, and interests. While scholars have often addressed cross-sector interactions using the dimensions of publicness (state) and privateness (market), an intersectoral framework necessitates the understanding and incorporation of nonprofitness to account for the dimensions of nonprofits along the public-private continuum. This article proposes a framework for identifying the dimensions of nonprofits in an intersectoral world and draws on relevant examples to illustrate the presence and influence of nonprofitness. The article then focuses on the future of education in the field of public administration and, in light of the proposed framework, makes and considers recommendations to help educational programs better equip students to appreciate work across sectors

Community Philanthropy

International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 2010

An Integrated Framework of Inter-Sectorality: Nonprofitness and Its Influence on Society and Public Administration Programs

Journal of Public Affairs Education, 2015

As an academic discipline, public administration has long recognized and asserted the distinction... more As an academic discipline, public administration has long recognized and asserted the distinctions between the public, private, and, more recently, nonprofit sectors (Weisbrod, 1997). Over time, organizations traditionally attributed to a particular sector (i.e., market, state, nonprofit) have fused practices to carry out their work in response to pressure for greater efficiency and effectiveness with fewer resources. Fused practices have essentially blurred the lines of demarcation between the sectors. Organizations are expected to compete, partner, or adapt to survive among a growing pool of organizational types with competing, comparable, or hybrid institutional practices (Smith, 2010). This competition often challenges the perceived and realized sectoral advantages, motivating organizations to incorporate differing institutional logics (Knutsen, 2012) and thus replicate

Community Development Organizations

International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 2010

Book Review: Uluorta, H. M. The Social Economy: Working Alternatives in a Globalizing Era (Rethinking Globalizations). Abingdon, UK, and New York: Routledge, 2009. 242 pp. $140.00 (hardback)

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 2011

American Enterprise Institute

International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 2010

Questioning Stakeholder Legitimacy: A Philanthropic Accountability Model

Journal of health and human services administration, 2017

Philanthropic organizations contribute to important work that solves complex problems to strength... more Philanthropic organizations contribute to important work that solves complex problems to strengthen communities. Many of these organizations are moving toward engaging in public policy work, in addition to funding programs. This paper raises questions of legitimacy for foundations, as well as issues of transparency and accountability in a pluralistic democracy. Measures of civic health also inform how philanthropic organizations can be accountable to stakeholders. We propose a holistic model for philanthropic accountability that combines elements of transparency and performance accountability, as well as practices associated with the American pluralistic model for democratic accountability. We argue that philanthropic institutions should seek stakeholder and public input when shaping any public policy agenda. This paper suggests a new paradigm, called philanthropic accountability that can be used for legitimacy and democratic governance of private foundations engaged in policy work....

NGO Mission Success: The Field Office Perspective

Anti-Slavery International

International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 2010

Alliance for Justice

International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 2010

Center for Women’s Global Leadership

International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 2010

Shifting philanthropic engagement : moving from funding to deliberation in the eras of the COVID -19 global pandemic and black lives matter

Local Development and Society , 2021

Institutional Philanthropy has the opportunity to rethink its role and build trust and deeply eng... more Institutional Philanthropy has the opportunity to rethink its role and build trust and deeply engage with communities beyond grantmaking in minority communities in the United States. The global pandemic highlights inequalities in the United States from health inequality to social inequalities. Institutional philanthropy can focus on doing more than giving money; organization leaders and program staff can deliberately engage and listen to communities and the public to drive systems change. This commentary examines the role of philanthropic foundations and philanthropic support organizations regarding advocacy, public policy and community listening when philanthropy has been asked to step up to deliver increased funding given the increases in COVID-19 cases and deaths in minority communities in light of the toll the pandemic has taken on minority communities, the unjust death of George Floyd and others and the Black Lives Matters movement. Philanthropic foundation leaders are faced with “the fierce urgency of now” to change organizational behavior from the relational to meaningful community engagement and social cohesion.

Shawn T. Flanigan: For the Love of God: NGOs and Religious Identity in a Violent World Virginia

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 2012

For the Love of God: NGOs and Religious Identity in a Violent World addresses the role of faith-b... more For the Love of God: NGOs and Religious Identity in a Violent World addresses the role of faith-based organizations in the developing world. The book presents an example of the sheer complexity that faith-based non-governmental organizations (FBOs) face when trying to attain organizational effectiveness and legitimacy. Flanigan sets the stage by giving an overview of the role of violence, conflict management, and religion in the developing world. Here, especially in conflict or post-conflict countries, it is non-governmental organizations (NGOs) rather than the state that provide services to the poor and the needy. Flanigan posits that religion can extend and reinforce biases and societal conflicts in service delivery. FBOs can serve dual purposes-charitable aims and the extension of conflict. This theme is constant throughout the book. Three case studies focus on the work of FBOs in conflict ridden Lebanon, Sri Lanka, and Bosnia-Herzegovina as leading examples of countries undergoing ethnic and religious tensions. She studied FBOs offering services to clients while advancing civil society initiatives through a variety of programs. The case studies compare three different national programs and their service provision success based upon the political and religious atmosphere of the differing countries, including a tolerance for the work of NGOs in general and FBOs in particular. The three chapters provide a brief historical geo-political overview of each country since the recent conflicts and of the NGO/FBO sectors. The author argues, for instance, that in Bosnia-Herzegovina NGOs have not developed as in Lebanon and Sri Lanka because of the religious and cultural heritage. In her conclusion, Flanigan discusses her interview data and how she has drawn conclusions surrounding whether FBOs are inclusive or exclusive in service delivery based upon religious beliefs. The interview data identifies a common feeling between workers that the faith-based nature adds value and a common

The Trust Environment: Democratic Institutions, Nonprofits and Institutional Philanthropy

NACC News, 2019

NACC News offers brief articles contributed by representatives of member institutions. This colum... more NACC News offers brief articles contributed by representatives of member institutions. This column offers an opportunity to the faculty of member institutions to present their thinking and begin an exchange of ideas about issues that affect the nonprofit sector. Patsy Kraeger offers this month's column about the level of our trust in institutions. Thank you Patsy.

Mini-public deliberation in philanthropy: A new way to engage with the public

newDemocracy Foundation Research and Development Note , 2020

Follow these and additional works at http://www.newdemocracy.com.au * newDemocracy is an independ... more Follow these and additional works at http://www.newdemocracy.com.au * newDemocracy is an independent, non-partisan research and development organisation. We aim to discover, develop, demonstrate, and promote complementary alternatives which will restore trust in public decision making. These R&D notes are discoveries and reflections that we are documenting in order to share what we learn and stimulate further research and development.

Philanthropy, Race and Equity: The Use of Deliberative Processes

Patsy Kraeger Linked in Blog, 2020

Part One Philanthropy can and should capitalize on its unique ability to facilitate discussions t... more Part One Philanthropy can and should capitalize on its unique ability to facilitate discussions to improve the tensions in race and equity disrupting the United States. In order to do this organized philanthropy, (i.e., foundations and philanthropic service organizations) should begin to think about how to change the conversation and also who should be invited on the conversation to inform change? Insider, outsiders? How should the choice be made? Philanthropic Organizations "Philanthropic institutions, like nonprofits, have a variety of institutional and organizational forms, which include private independent foundations, community foundations, family and other trusts, corporate foundations and donor-advised funds held by various financial institutions from banks, investments firms or community foundations"(Kraeger and Robichau, 2017). Solidarity ++ Today on June 2nd, the Southern California Grantmakers Association in A Message from the Heart + Immediate Actions to Dismantle Racism importantly stated " As communities across the country take to the street and risk their lives to fight for justice, SCG stands in solidarity with protesters because Black Lives Matter. We condemn racism, bigotry, and white supremacy. We are acutely aware that our humanity will not be collectively well until we put a stop to the unjust and senseless murders of Black lives. We are challenging ourselves to be better accomplices to the movement of dismantling racism" (SCG, 2020) see: https://www.socalgrantmakers.org/news/message-heart-immediate-actions-dismantle-racism Last month, on May 1 st , Paul Sullivan for the New York Times wrote, "[p]hilanthropy often sets out to mitigate inequality". He then went onto discuss a recent report published by Bridgespan and Echoing Green to look at the unequal funding to nonprofit organizations of color that often lack connections to philanthropic funders, understanding race problems and the ole of philanthropy and how to engage. The focus on connecting nonprofits with funders to both understand and to fund. This is key but as philanthropy delves deeper into race and equity work, a deeper commitment to understanding and being informed is possible by engaging communities and moving towards deliberative practices to advance policy and community change agendas though funding or even advocacy, as permitted under the law.

QUESTIONING STAKEHOLDER LEGITIMACY: A PHILANTHROPIC ACCOUNTABILITY MODEL

by Patsy Kraeger and Robbie Robichau

Philanthropic organizations contribute to important work that solves complex problems to strength... more Philanthropic organizations contribute to important work that solves complex problems to strengthen communities. Many of these organizations are moving toward engaging in public policy work, in addition to funding programs. This paper raises questions of legitimacy for foundations, as well as issues of transparency and accountability in a pluralistic democracy. Measures of civic health also inform how philanthropic organizations can be accountable to stakeholders. We propose a holistic model for philanthropic accountability that combines elements of transparency and performance accountability, as well as practices associated with the American pluralistic model for democratic accountability. We argue that philanthropic institutions should seek stakeholder and public input when shaping any public policy agenda. This paper suggests a new paradigm, called philanthropic accountability that can be used for legitimacy and democratic governance of private foundations engaged in policy work. The Philanthropic Accountability Model can be empirically tested and used as a governance tool.

City profile Tangshan—China's one time industrial pioneer striving for ecological excellence

Tangshan is one of China's oldest industrial cities, indeed its developmental trajectory well ref... more Tangshan is one of China's oldest industrial cities, indeed its developmental trajectory well reflects China's modern industrial history. However, what brought the city notoriety was a magnitude 7.8 earthquake in 1976, which killed 203,555 people, severely injured 137,753 more, and destroyed over 90% of the houses and roads overnight. Forty years later Tangshan has been rebuilt into a city driven by up-to-date planning imperatives and high urban synergy which have resulted in an improved quality of life, attractive ecological environments and the urban leadership's enthusiasm for sustainable development. This paper discusses Tangshan's industrial history, painful lessons from the earthquake, and re-development, including the port of Caofeidian and the new town of Nanhu, as well as challenges and prospects for the future.