工
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
工 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一中一 (MLM), four-corner 10100, composition ⿱一丄 or ⿱丅一)
- Kangxi radical #48, ⼯.
Derived characters
- Index:Chinese radical/工
- 魟(𫚉) 𢖷 紅(红) 虹 仜 𢓁 冮 江 訌(讧) 扛 叿 𡉎 屸 妅 玒 杠 肛 灴 矼 䉺 缸 舡 羾 䜫 豇 䞑 釭 䪦 䫹
- 㓛 㓚 功 卭 㣉 邛 攻 瓨 項(项) 䲨 汞 𦏺 貢(贡) 𣒳 仝 㒰 㞬 巠 杢 空 笁 匞 式 疘 噐
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 325, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8714
- Dae Jaweon: page 626, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 410, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5DE5
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
工 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 工 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
贑 | *kluːmʔ |
涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
江 | *kroːŋ |
肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
扛 | *kroːŋ |
杠 | *kroːŋ |
豇 | *kroːŋ |
茳 | *kroːŋ |
釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
矼 | *kroːŋ |
玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
功 | *koːŋ |
工 | *koːŋ |
疘 | *koːŋ |
魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
愩 | *koːŋ |
碽 | *koːŋ |
貢 | *koːŋs |
羾 | *koːŋs |
空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
鞏 | *koŋʔ |
巩 | *koŋʔ |
銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
筇 | *ɡoŋ |
桏 | *ɡoŋ |
邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Pictogram (象形) – a bladed tool.
Etymology
An area word; compare Burmese ခိုင်း (hkuing:, “to order or ask someone to do something”), Old Mon kloñ (kloɲ, “to work”), Old Mon klon (klon, “to have charge of cultivation”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Cognate with 功 (OC *koːŋ, “merit; achievement”), 攻 (OC *koːŋ, *kuːŋ, “to attack”). The senses evolved in the following manner: 工 (“work artisan”) > 功 (“merit; achievement”) > 攻 (“to attack”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gong1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гун (gun, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): gung1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gung1
- Northern Min (KCR): gó̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gĕ̤ng / gŭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1kon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gong1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gong
- Wade–Giles: kung1
- Yale: gūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gong1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gung
- Sinological IPA (key): /koŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гун (gun, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung1
- Yale: gūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: guung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɵŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng
- Hakka Romanization System: gungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gung1
- Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gó̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĕ̤ng / gŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /køyŋ⁵⁵/, /kuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- gĕ̤ng - vernacular;
- gŭng - literary.
- Southern Min
- kong - literary;
- kang - vernacular;
- khang - vernacular (in 工課).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gang1 / gong1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang / kong
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ³³/, /koŋ³³/
- Middle Chinese: kuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ/
Definitions
- labour; work (Classifier: 份 c)
- (Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min) working day; daytime; a day (24 hours)
- worker; laborer
- industry; profession; trade
- to be good at; to be skilled in
- delicate; exquisite
- one of the symbols in Gongchepu (工尺譜).
Synonyms
- (time period):
Compounds
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References
- “工”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
- 陶工 (tōkō)
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
工 |
たくみ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 工 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 工, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 工 (MC kuwng).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 고ᇰ (Yale: kwong) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 고ᇰ (kwong)訓 (Yale: kwong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 공 (kwong)訓 (Yale: kwong) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 공 (kwong)訓 (Yale: kwong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [공]
Hanja
工 (eumhun 장인 공 (jang'in gong))
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
工: Hán Nôm readings: công, cong, côông, gồng, trong, cung
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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