洲

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

洲 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水戈中中 (EILL), four-corner 3210₀, composition ⿰氵州)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 622, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17413
Dae Jaweon: page 1018, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1616, character 6
Unihan data for U+6D32

Chinese

trad.		洲
simp. ^#		洲

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (州) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
洲	*tju
州	*tju
喌	tju, tjuɡ
酬	*dju
詶	dju, djus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tju) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 州 (OC *tju).

Etymology

Unknown.

According to the Erya and the Shiming, the following characters show some notable semantic relations (Schuessler, 2007)

渚 (OC *tjaʔ, “islet”) is smaller than 洲 (OC *tju)

沚 (OC *kjɯʔ, “islet”) is smaller than 渚 (OC *tjaʔ)

坻 (OC *tiːlʔ, *tjelʔ, *dil, “islet”) is smaller than 沚 (OC *kjɯʔ)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōu (zhou¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zau¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ziu¹
Gan (Wiktionary): ziu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chû

(Meixian, Guangdong): zu¹
Jin (Wiktionary): zou¹
Northern Min (KCR): ciú
Eastern Min (BUC): ciŭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziu¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tseu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhou¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
  - Wade–Giles: chou¹
  - Yale: jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zau¹
  - Yale: jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ziu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ziu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɨu⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: zu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səu¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu
  - Tâi-lô: tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tseu
  - MiniDict: tseu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tseu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɤ⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂəu̯³³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡səu̯³³/

Middle Chinese: tsyuw

Rime
Character	洲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職流切
Baxter	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tu/

(Zhengzhang): /*tju/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	洲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*tu/
English	islet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洲
Reading #	1/1
No.	17492
Phonetic component	州
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	周
Old Chinese	/*tju/

Definitions

洲

islet in a river
沙洲 ― shāzhōu ― sandbank
- 關關雎鳩，在河之洲。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  关关雎鸠，在河之洲。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Guānguān jūjiū, zài hé zhī zhōu. [Pinyin]
  Guan-guan go the ospreys, On the islet in the river.
continent
亞洲／亚洲 ― Yàzhōu ― Asia
- 萬曆時，其國人利瑪竇至京師，為《萬國全圖》，言天下有五大洲。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  万历时，其国人利玛窦至京师，为《万国全图》，言天下有五大洲。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 17^th-18^th century, History of Ming
  Wànlì shí, qí guó rén Lìmǎdòu zhì jīngshī, wéi “Wànguóquántú”, yán tiānxià yǒu wǔdàzhōu. [Pinyin]
  During the Wanli era, a man from the country called Ricci went to the capital and produced A Map of the Myriad Countries; he said there were five continents in the world.
a surname: Zhou