-ella

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ella"

Translingual

Etymology

From Latin -ella.

Suffix

-ella f

1. (taxonomy) A suffix used to form taxonomic names, of genera of bacteria.

Derived terms

Translingual terms suffixed with -ella

• Averyella
• Buttiauxella
• Ewingella
• Grimontella
• Leminorella
• Rahnella
• Raoultella
• Shewanella
• Tatumella
• Trabulsiella
• Yokenella

 

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ella.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈe.ʎə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈe.ʎa]

Suffix

-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elles)

1. forms feminine noun from nouns, indicating a particular kind or class of the root; often, but not always, used to indicate a diminutive form

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -ella

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-(ë)ldak, from Proto-Uralic *-le-.

Suffix

-ella (front vowel harmony variant -ellä, stem -ele-, linguistic notation -ele- or -ellA)

1. Forms frequentative verbs. The resulting verb often describes a more or less leisurely or long-lasting activity, or an activity that is not overly goal-oriented.

   ‎käsittää (“to grasp, understand”) + ‎-ella → ‎käsitellä (“to handle, process”)

   ‎muistaa (“to remember”) + ‎-ella → ‎muistella (“to think back, commemorate”)

   ‎nostaa (“to lift”) + ‎-ella → ‎nostella (“to lift repeatedly”)

   ‎ostaa (“to buy”) + ‎-ella → ‎ostella (“to shop”)

   ‎rakastaa (“to love”) + ‎-ella → ‎rakastella (“to make love”)

   ‎savuttaa (“to smoke, to produce smoke”) + ‎-ella → ‎savutella (“to smoke, to consume tobacco”)

Usage notes

Originally in complementary distribution with -illa, but recent coinages may use either (compare nakata → nakella, but hakata → hakkailla).

Some frequentative verbs are formed with the suffix -ia. See list of Finnish frequentative verbs for examples.

Conjugation

Inflection of -ella (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		-elen	en -ele	1st sing.	olen -ellut	en ole -ellut
2nd sing.		-elet	et -ele	2nd sing.	olet -ellut	et ole -ellut
3rd sing.		-elee	ei -ele	3rd sing.	on -ellut	ei ole -ellut
1st plur.		-elemme	emme -ele	1st plur.	olemme -elleet	emme ole -elleet
2nd plur.		-elette	ette -ele	2nd plur.	olette -elleet	ette ole -elleet
3rd plur.		-elevat	eivät -ele	3rd plur.	ovat -elleet	eivät ole -elleet
passive		-ellaan	ei -ella	passive	on -eltu	ei ole -eltu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		-elin	en -ellut	1st sing.	olin -ellut	en ollut -ellut
2nd sing.		-elit	et -ellut	2nd sing.	olit -ellut	et ollut -ellut
3rd sing.		-eli	ei -ellut	3rd sing.	oli -ellut	ei ollut -ellut
1st plur.		-elimme	emme -elleet	1st plur.	olimme -elleet	emme olleet -elleet
2nd plur.		-elitte	ette -elleet	2nd plur.	olitte -elleet	ette olleet -elleet
3rd plur.		-elivat	eivät -elleet	3rd plur.	olivat -elleet	eivät olleet -elleet
passive		-eltiin	ei -eltu	passive	oli -eltu	ei ollut -eltu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		-elisin	en -elisi	1st sing.	olisin -ellut	en olisi -ellut
2nd sing.		-elisit	et -elisi	2nd sing.	olisit -ellut	et olisi -ellut
3rd sing.		-elisi	ei -elisi	3rd sing.	olisi -ellut	ei olisi -ellut
1st plur.		-elisimme	emme -elisi	1st plur.	olisimme -elleet	emme olisi -elleet
2nd plur.		-elisitte	ette -elisi	2nd plur.	olisitte -elleet	ette olisi -elleet
3rd plur.		-elisivat	eivät -elisi	3rd plur.	olisivat -elleet	eivät olisi -elleet
passive		-eltaisiin	ei -eltaisi	passive	olisi -eltu	ei olisi -eltu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		-ele	älä -ele	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		-elkoon	älköön -elko	3rd sing.	olkoon -ellut	älköön olko -ellut
1st plur.		-elkaamme	älkäämme -elko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		-elkaa	älkää -elko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		-elkoot	älkööt -elko	3rd plur.	olkoot -elleet	älkööt olko -elleet
passive		-eltakoon	älköön -eltako	passive	olkoon -eltu	älköön olko -eltu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		-ellen	en -elle	1st sing.	lienen -ellut	en liene -ellut
2nd sing.		-ellet	et -elle	2nd sing.	lienet -ellut	et liene -ellut
3rd sing.		-ellee	ei -elle	3rd sing.	lienee -ellut	ei liene -ellut
1st plur.		-ellemme	emme -elle	1st plur.	lienemme -elleet	emme liene -elleet
2nd plur.		-ellette	ette -elle	2nd plur.	lienette -elleet	ette liene -elleet
3rd plur.		-ellevat	eivät -elle	3rd plur.	lienevät -elleet	eivät liene -elleet
passive		-eltaneen	ei -eltane	passive	lienee -eltu	ei liene -eltu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		-ella		present	-eleva	-eltava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st -ellakseni -ellaksemme 2nd -ellaksesi -ellaksenne 3rd -ellakseen -ellaksensa		past	-ellut	-eltu
2nd	inessive2	-ellessa	-eltaessa	agent4	-elema
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st -ellessani -ellessamme 2nd -ellessasi -ellessanne 3rd -ellessaan -ellessansa		negative	-elematon
	instructive	-ellen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	-elemassa	—
	elative	-elemasta	—
	illative	-elemaan	—
	adessive	-elemalla	—
	abessive	-elematta	—
	instructive	-eleman	-eltaman
4th3	verbal noun	-eleminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st -elemaisillani -elemaisillamme 2nd -elemaisillasi -elemaisillanne 3rd -elemaisillaan -elemaisillansa

Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ella

• -elias
• -lma

 

See also

• -illa
• -skella

Anagrams

• alle

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-(e)ldak. Cognates include Finnish -ella and Estonian -leda.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-elːɑ/, [-e̞ɫː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-elːɑ/, [-e̞ɫːɑ]

Suffix

-ella (front vowel variant -ellä)

1. Used to form frequentative verbs.

   ‎tappaa (“to kill”) + ‎-ella → ‎tapella (“to fight”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ella (type 12/kuulla, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-elen	en -ele	1st singular	oon -elt, oon -ellut	en oo -elt, en oo -ellut
2nd singular	-elet	et -ele	2nd singular	oot -elt, oot -ellut	et oo -elt, et oo -ellut
3rd singular	-eloo	ei -ele	3rd singular	ono -elt, ono -ellut	ei oo -elt, ei oo -ellut
1st plural	-elemma	emmä -ele	1st plural	oomma -elleet	emmä oo -elleet
2nd plural	-eletta	että -ele	2nd plural	ootta -elleet	että oo -elleet
3rd plural	-eloot1), -elevat2), -ellaa	evät -ele, ei -ella	3rd plural	ovat -elleet	evät oo -elleet, ei oo -eltu
impersonal	-ellaa	ei -ella	impersonal	ono -eltu	ei oo -eltu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-elin	en -elt, en -ellut	1st singular	olin -elt, olin -ellut	en olt -elt, en olt -ellut
2nd singular	-elit	et -elt, et -ellut	2nd singular	olit -elt, olit -ellut	et olt -elt, et olt -ellut
3rd singular	-eli	ei -elt, ei -ellut	3rd singular	oli -elt, oli -ellut	ei olt -elt, ei olt -ellut
1st plural	-elimma	emmä -elleet	1st plural	olimma -elleet	emmä olleet -elleet
2nd plural	-elitta	että -elleet	2nd plural	olitta -elleet	että olleet -elleet
3rd plural	-eliit1), -elivat2), -eltii	evät -elleet, ei -eltu	3rd plural	olivat -elleet	evät olleet -elleet, ei olt -eltu
impersonal	-eltii	ei -eltu	impersonal	oli -eltu	ei olt -eltu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-elisin	en -elis	1st singular	olisin -elt, olisin -ellut	en olis -elt, en olis -ellut
2nd singular	-elisit, -eliist1)	et -elis	2nd singular	olisit -elt, olisit -ellut	et olis -elt, et olis -ellut
3rd singular	-elis	ei -elis	3rd singular	olis -elt, olis -ellut	ei olis -elt, ei olis -ellut
1st plural	-elisimma	emmä -elis	1st plural	olisimma -elleet	emmä olis -elleet
2nd plural	-elisitta	että -elis	2nd plural	olisitta -elleet	että olis -elleet
3rd plural	-elisiit1), -elisivat2), -eltais	evät -elis, ei -eltais	3rd plural	olisivat -elleet	evät olis -elleet, ei olis -eltu
impersonal	-eltais	ei -eltais	impersonal	olis -eltu	ei olis -eltu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	-ele	elä -ele	2nd singular	oo -elt, oo -ellut	elä oo -elt, elä oo -ellut
3rd singular	-elkoo	elköö -elko	3rd singular	olkoo -elt, olkoo -ellut	elköö olko -elt, elköö olko -ellut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	-elkaa	elkää -elko	2nd plural	olkaa -elleet	elkää olko -elleet
3rd plural	-elkoot	elkööt -elko, elköö -eltako	3rd plural	olkoot -elleet	elkööt olko -elleet, elköö olko -eltu
impersonal	-eltakkoo	elköö -eltako	impersonal	olkoo -eltu	elköö olko -eltu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	-ellen	en -elle
2nd singular	-ellet	et -elle
3rd singular	-elloo	ei -elle
1st plural	-ellemma	emmä -elle
2nd plural	-elletta	että -elle
3rd plural	-elloot	evät -elle, ei -eltane
impersonal	-eltannoo	ei -eltane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		-ella	present	-eleva	-eltava
2nd	inessive	-ellees	past	-elt, -ellut	-eltu
	instructive	-ellen	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-elkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	-elommaa
	inessive	-elomas
	elative	-elomast
	abessive	-elomata
4th	nominative	-elomiin
	partitive	-elomista, -elomist

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ella

Italian

Suffix

-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elle)

1. used with female nouns to form diminutives

   Synonyms: -cella, -etta, -ina, -uzza

   ‎busta (“envelope”) + ‎-ella → ‎bustarella (“small envelope, bribe”)

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -ella

Suffix

-ella (non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix)

1. feminine singular of -ello

Anagrams

• alle

Latin

Pronunciation

• -ella: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈel.la/, [ˈɛlːʲä]
• -ella: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈel.la/, [ˈɛlːä]
• -ellā: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈel.laː/, [ˈɛlːʲäː]
• -ellā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈel.la/, [ˈɛlːä]

Suffix

-ella

1. inflection of -ellus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Descendants

• Asturian: -iella
• Aromanian: -eauã
• Catalan: -ella
• French: -elle
• Italian: -ella
• Occitan: -ela
• Portuguese: -ela
• Romanian: -ea
• Spanish: -illa

Suffix

-ellā

1. ablative feminine singular of -ellus

Portuguese

Suffix

-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ellas)

1. Obsolete spelling of -ela.