Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pora

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely related to Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”), *poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”). Synchronically, could be viewed as an action/resultant noun of *poriti +‎ *-a or possibly may reflect Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂, near cognate with Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”).

Banaszkiewicz et al. suppose that *pora underlies the root of the names of Old Polabian dioskuric pair Perevitius and Porenutius, relating thier characters to the sky deity *Perunъ. The later either derives from aforementioned *per- or from *(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”).

Szemerényi, waring that the term, just one of many terms for “time” in Slavic, however of a peculiar semantic orientation, is distributed in only the eastern half of the Slavic language group, suspects, underlining the match in stress, a borrowing from Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”).

Noun

*porà f

1. (perhaps originally) thrust, push, force
2. (by extension) effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload
3. (abstract) time period, passage of time

   Synonyms: *vermę, *časъ, *rokъ

Declension

Declension of *porà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*porà	*pȍrě	*pȍry
genitive	*porý	*porù	*pòrъ
dative	*porě̀	*poràma	*poràmъ
accusative	*pȍrǫ	*pȍrě	*pȍry
instrumental	*porojǫ́	*poràma	*poràmi
locative	*pȍrě	*porù	*poràsъ, *poràxъ*
vocative	*poro	*pȍrě	*pȍry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

• *porьnъ
  • >? *sъporьnъ (“prolific, productive”) (alternatively reconstructed as *sporьnъ)

Related terms

• *-porъ
  • *naporъ (“push, charge”)
  • *orzporъ (“disruption”)
  • *otъporъ (“resistance”)
  • *perporъ (“motion, propagation”)
  • *sъporъ (“conflict”)
  • *uporъ (“strike”)
  • *zaporъ (“distraint”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: пора (pora)
    • Belarusian: пара́ (pará)
    • Russian: пора́ (porá)
    • Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)
  • → Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”) (either from Russian or Belarusian)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)
  • Bulgarian: по́ра (póra) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”) (dialectal)
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: pora

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пора́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пора¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 527
• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “pora”, in Słownik etymologiczny languagea polskiego, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN