gan
Antillean Creole • Bambara • Dharug • Dutch Low Saxon • Garo • Irish • Japanese • Jawe • Latvian • Mandarin • Middle English • Middle High German • Northern Kurdish • Nupe • Old Dutch • Old English • Old Frisian • Old High German • Old Saxon • Salar • Scots • Scottish Gaelic • Sumerian • Ternate • Tok Pisin • Turkmen • Vietnamese • Volapük • Welsh • Wolof • Yoruba
Page categories
English
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ɡæn/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -æn
Etymology 1
editVerb
editgan
Etymology 2
editProbably a variant of gang, from Middle English gangen, from Old English gangan (“to step; walk; go”).
Alternative forms
editVerb
editgan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gannin, simple past went or gan, past participle gone)
- (Northumbria) To go.
- 2011, Chris Dockerty, Ramblings of a Geordie:
- The one problem I had here was my broad Geordie accent which the teachers tried their hardest to make me lose. I couldn't understand their problem with it because I could understand myself. Whenever I told them, "Am gannin yem", they would say, "No, Christopher. It's not "am gannin yem", it's "I am going home".
References
edit
Further reading
edit- Frank Graham, editor (1987), “GAN”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
- Scott Dobson, Dick Irwin “gan”, in Newcastle 1970s: Durham & Tyneside Dialect Group[1], archived from the original on 2024-09-05.
- Todd's Geordie Words and Phrases, George Todd, Newcastle, 1977[2]
- “Gan”, in Palgrave’s Word List: Durham & Tyneside Dialect Group[3], archived from the original on 2024-09-05, from F[rancis] M[ilnes] T[emple] Palgrave, A List of Words and Phrases in Everyday Use by the Natives of Hetton-le-Hole in the County of Durham […] (Publications of the English Dialect Society; 74), London: Published for the English Dialect Society by Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, 1896, →OCLC.
- Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
- Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “gan”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.
Anagrams
editAntillean Creole
editEtymology
editNoun
editgan
Bambara
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editVerb
editgan
- to jump
Etymology 2
editAdjective
editgan
Verb
editgan
- (transitive) to heat up
References
edit- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Dharug
editPronunciation
editNoun
editgan
References
edit- Jakelin Troy (1993) The Sydney Language, Canberra, →ISBN, page 53
Dutch Low Saxon
editVerb
editgan
- Alternative spelling of gaon
Garo
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Bengali গান (gan).
Noun
editgan
Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish cen (“besides; without”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *kina (“on this side of”); compare Middle Welsh am-gen (“otherwise”), Breton ken (“otherwise”).
Pronunciation
edit- (unstressed) IPA(key): /ɡən̪ˠ/[2]
- (stressed, Munster) IPA(key): /ɡɑn̪ˠ/[3]
- (stressed, Aran) IPA(key): /ɡɑn/, /ɡɔn/[4]
- (stressed, Connemara, Mayo, Ulster) IPA(key): /ɡan̪ˠ/
Preposition
editgan (plus nominative, triggers no mutation in specific references but lenition in general references)
Usage notes
edit- In standard written Irish, triggers lenition (except of d, s, t) of unmodified nouns, e.g. gan phingin (“without a penny”). Does not trigger lenition of modified nouns, e.g. gan pingin ina phóca (“without a penny in his pocket”). In the meaning ‘not’, does not trigger lenition of either a verbal noun or on the direct object of the verbal noun, e.g. gan ceannach (“not to buy”), gan pingin a shaothrú (“not to earn a penny”).
- Unlike most prepositions, gan takes the nominative case of nouns, as shown by the lack of mutation of consonant-initial masculine singular nouns after the definite article, for example gan an plúr (“without the flour”), and the presence of t-prothesis of vowel-initial masculine singular nouns after the article, for example gan an t-airgead (“without the money”).
- Unlike most prepositions, gan does not form prepositional pronouns, but is instead followed by the disjunctive form of a personal pronoun, for example gan mé (“without me”), gan sinn (“without us”), gan é (“without him”).
Quotations
edit- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 127:
- ȷ imə šē leš gon ēn ńī ēkāl.
- [D’imigh sé leis gan aon ní a fheiceáil.]
- He left without seeing anything.
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 127:
- l̄aurofŭī n̥ ʒēlǵə fōs əŕ fȧ nə ciŕə, ʒā mĭøx gn̥ n̄āŕə ə ve orī fuhə.
- [Labhrófaí an Ghaeilge fós ar feadh na tíre dhá mbeadh gan náire a bheith oraibh fúithi.]
- Irish would still be spoken in the whole country if you pl were not ashamed of it.
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 128:
- hāniǵ šē ʒā rā, n̄ax mĭai šə sə mŭȧlə ən̄óxt agəs gon kūrm̥ ə ʒlakə fȳ.
- [Tháinig sé dhá rá nach mbeidh sé sa mbaile anocht agus gan cúram a ghlacadh faoi.]
- He came to say he won’t be home tonight and not to worry about him.
References
edit- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 127
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 38, page 21
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 127
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gan”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “gan”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “gan”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Japanese
editRomanization
editgan
Jawe
editNoun
editgan
References
edit- André-Georges Haudricourt et Françoise Ozanne-Rivière, Dictionnaire thématique des langues de la région de Hienghène (Nouvelle-Calédonie) : pije - fwâi - nemi - jawe, Lacito - Documents, Asie-Austronésie 4, SELAF no. 212, Peeters, 1982
Latvian
editConjunction
editgan
Usage notes
editUsed in pairs: gan jauna, gan skaista "both young and beautiful"
Mandarin
editRomanization
editgan
- Nonstandard spelling of gān.
- Nonstandard spelling of gǎn.
- Nonstandard spelling of gàn.
Usage notes
edit- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle English
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old English ġeġn.
Preposition
editgan
- Alternative form of gain (“against”)
Etymology 2
editFrom Old English gān.
Verb
editgan
- (Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of gon (“to go”)
Etymology 3
editFrom Old English gān, ġegān.
Verb
editgan
- Alternative form of gon (“gone”)
Middle High German
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Old High German gān, gēn, from Proto-West Germanic *gān.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgān (irregular, third-person singular present gāt, past tense gienc, past participle gegān or gegangen, past subjunctive gienge, auxiliary sīn)
- to go
Conjugation
editinfinitive | gān | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | gānnes gānes | ||||
dative gerund | gānne gāne | ||||
present participle | gānde | ||||
past participle | gegān gegangen | ||||
auxiliary | sīn | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich gān | wir gān | i | ich gē | wir gēn |
du gāst | ir gāt | du gēst | ir gēt | ||
ër gāt | sie gānt | ër gē | sie gēn | ||
preterite | ich gienc | wir giengen | ii | ich gienge | wir giengen |
du gienge | ir gienget | du giengest | ir gienget | ||
ër gienc | sie giengen | ër gienge | sie giengen | ||
imperative | gā (du) | gāt (ir) |
Descendants
edit- Alemannic German: gaa, gan, ge, gi, goo, gu
- Bavarian: geh, gea, gean, gian
- Cimbrian: gian, ghéenan (Sette Comuni)
- Northern Bavarian: [ɡ̊ɛi]
- Central Franconian: giehn, gohn (northeastern Moselle Franconian), john, jonn (Ripuarian)
- East Central German: gii, giin (Erzgebirgisch)
- Upper Saxon German:
- Vilamovian: gejn
- East Franconian:
- German: gehen
- Rhine Franconian: geh, gehe, gäh, gähe, gäj, gäje, gih, gihe, gej, geje
- Frankfurterisch: [g̥ε̃ː]
- Pennsylvania German: geh
- Yiddish: גיין (geyn)
Northern Kurdish
editVerb
editgan (present stem -gê-)
- to have sexual intercourse with somebody, to fuck somebody
Noun
editgan ?
Nupe
editPronunciation
editVerb
editgan
- to exceed; to surpass
- Èmì mi li gan èmì u. ― My house is cleaner than her house.
- U ge gan kpáátá. ― It's the best. (literally, “It is good surpassing all”)
- Gànsìkiya ligwa gankò. ― The truth washes the hands more than soap.
Usage notes
editUsed to construct the comparative and superlative.
Derived terms
editOld Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *gān.
Verb
editgān
- to go
Conjugation
editinfinitive | gān | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | gā, gān | gienc |
2nd person singular | gēs, gēst | giengi, giengis |
3rd person singular | gēt | gienc |
1st person plural | gān | giengun |
2nd person plural | gāt | giengut |
3rd person plural | gānt | giengun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | gā | giengi |
2nd person singular | gās, gāst | giengi, giengis |
3rd person singular | gā | giengi |
1st person plural | gān | giengin |
2nd person plural | gāt | giengit |
3rd person plural | gān | giengin |
imperative | present | |
singular | gā | |
plural | gāt | |
participle | present | past |
gāndi | gigān, gigangan |
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Middle Dutch: gâen
Further reading
edit- “gān”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *gān, from Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave”). The verb was defective in Germanic and may only have existed in the present tense.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgān
- to go
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, "Gospel of Saint John", chapter 21, verse 3
- Ðā cwæð Simon Petrus tō him, Ic wylle gān on fixað. Þā cwǣdon hī tō him, And wē wyllað gān mid þē. And hī ēodon ūt, and ēodon on scip, and ne fēngon nān þing on þǣre nihte.
- Then said Simon Peter to them. I want to go fishing. Then they said to him, and we want to go with you. And they went out and went in a ship, and caught nothing in the night.
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
- ...hē wolde gān ūt of ðām porte...
- ...he desired to go out of the town...
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
- ...swā hwǣr swā hē ēode and hī ealle āstōdon ansunde ætforan him þe on ðām fænne ǣr lagon.
- ...wheresoever he went, and they all rose up sound before him, who aforetime lay in the mire.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, "Gospel of Saint John", chapter 21, verse 3
- to walk
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
- ...and hē lēop sona cunniġende his fēðes hwæðer hē cūðe gān.
- and he leapt up immediately, trying his power of motion, whether he could walk.
- late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
- Sē wer meahte unēaðe þurh hine selfne ārīsan oþþe gān.
- The man could barely get up or walk by himself.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 6:66
- Siþþan maniġe his leornungcneohta ċierdon onbæc and lenġ ne ēodon mid him.
- After that, many of his disciples turned back and no longer walked with him.
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
- to enter
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 24:38-39
- On þǣm dagum ǣr þǣm flōde wǣron menn etende and drincende, and wīfiġende and ġifte sellende, ōþ þone dæġ þe Nōe on þā earċe ēode, and hīe nysson ǣr sē flōd cōm and nam hīe ealle.
- In the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah entered the ark, and they didn't know until the flood came and took them all.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 24:38-39
Usage notes
edit- The expected present participle, gānde, is very rare. Instead gangende is almost always used, from the synonym gangan: Līf nis būtan gangendu sċadu ("Life is but a walking shadow").
Conjugation
editinfinitive | gān | gānne |
---|---|---|
indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
first person singular | gā | ēode |
second person singular | gǣst | ēodest |
third person singular | gǣþ | ēode |
plural | gāþ | ēodon |
subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
singular | gā | ēode |
plural | gān | ēoden |
imperative | ||
singular | gā | |
plural | gāþ | |
participle | present | past |
gānde | (ġe)gān |
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
editOld Frisian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *gān.
Verb
editgān
- to go
Conjugation
editinfinitive | gān | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | gā | geng |
2nd person singular | gēst | gengest |
3rd person singular | gēth | geng |
plural | gāth | gengun |
subjunctive | present | past |
singular | gāe | genge |
plural | gāe, gāen | genge, gengen |
imperative | present | |
singular | gā | |
plural | gāth | |
participle | present | past |
gānde, gangande | egangen, gangen |
Descendants
editOld High German
editAlternative forms
edit- gēn — see there for more
Etymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *gān.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgān
- to go
Usage notes
edit- The ā-form was found especially in Alemannic and in western Franconian. In the former, the vocalism was regularized early on (du gās, er gāt); in the latter, the West Germanic vowel alternation (du geis, he geit) has been preserved even to this day.
Descendants
editSee also
editOld Saxon
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *gān.
Verb
editgān
- to go
Conjugation
editinfinitive | gān | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | *gā | gēng |
2nd person singular | *gēs | gēngi |
3rd person singular | gēd | gēng |
plural | *gād | gēngun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | *gāe | gēngi |
2nd person singular | *gāes | gēngis |
3rd person singular | *gāe | gēngi |
plural | *gāen | gēngin |
imperative | present | |
singular | *gā | |
plural | *gād | |
participle | present | past |
gāndi | gigangan, gangan |
Descendants
editSalar
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editgan
Derived terms
edit- ganağusı (“to bleed”)
References
edit- Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “gan”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 460
- Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “gan”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 218
- 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “gan”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader][4], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 109
- Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “gan”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon[5], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 104
Scots
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Northern Middle English gan, from Old English gān (“to go”). Past tense supplied by Old English wenden (“to wend”).
Verb
editgan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gan, simple past went or wett, past participle been)
- to go
Scottish Gaelic
editPronoun
editgan
- them (direct object)
- A bheil sibh gan creidsinn? ― Do you believe them?
Usage notes
edit- Before words beginning with b, f, m or p gam is used instead.
Related terms
editSumerian
editRomanization
editgan
- Romanization of 𒃶 (gan)
Ternate
editEtymology
editFrom older gani.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgan
- Alternative form of gani (“louse”)
References
edit- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tok Pisin
editEtymology
editNoun
editgan
Turkmen
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Turkic *kān (“blood”). Cognate with Turkish kan.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgan (definite accusative gany, plural ganlar)
Declension
editDerived terms
editFurther reading
editVietnamese
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Vietic *t-kaːn, from Old Chinese 肝 (OC *s.kˤa[r]) (SV: can). Cognate with Chut [Rục] təkaːn¹ ("bold").
Displaced native lòm, now only found in the compounds đỏ lòm and chua lòm.
Pronunciation
edit- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ɣaːn˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ɣaːŋ˧˧]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [ɣaːŋ˧˧]
Audio (Saigon): (file)
Noun
edit(classifier lá) gan
- (anatomy) a liver
- (figurative) audacity; gall; balls
- to gan ― audacious
- nhát gan / gan thỏ đế ― chicken
Noun
edit(classifier cây) gan
- (botany) Malus doumeri
- Synonym: sơn tra
Adjective
editgan
Derived terms
editAnagrams
editVolapük
editPronunciation
editNoun
editgan (nominative plural gans)
- (male or female) goose
Declension
editHypernyms
editHyponyms
editDerived terms
edit- ganablöt (“breast of goose”)
- ganafoad (“goose liver”)
- ganafoadabastet (“pâté de foie gras, goose liver pâté”)
- ganalecek (“goose-pen, enclosure for geese”)
- ganaleplüm (“goose quill”)
- gananäst (“goose's nest”)
- gananög (“goose's egg”)
- ganapinod (“goose fat”)
- ganapüladil (“goose giblets”)
- ganaskin (“goose skin”)
- ganigaledan (“gooseherd”)
- nifagan (“snow goose”), Chen caerulescens
See also
editWelsh
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Welsh cant, from Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta.[1] Cognate with Breton gant and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against; downwards”).
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɡan/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɡɪn/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɡan/
- Rhymes: -an
Preposition
editgan (triggers soft mutation)
- (North Wales) used with bod to indicate possession
- Synonym: gyda
- Mae gen i wallt hir.
- I have long hair.
- (literally, “Long hair is with me.”)
- by (after a passive construction)
- Cafodd y car ei ddwyn gan ddau llanc.
- The car was stolen by two youths.
- by (authorship)
- used with verbal noun to indicate an action simultaneous with that of the main verb, while, whilst
- King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
- Aeth o gwmpas y stafell gan ofyn yr un cwestiwn i bawb.
- He went around the room [while] asking everyone the same question.
- King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
Usage notes
editSee gan on Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru for more information.
Inflection
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editgan
- Soft mutation of can.
Noun
editgan
- Soft mutation of can.
References
editMutation
editWolof
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Noun
editgan (definite form gan gi)
Yoruba
editAlternative forms
edit- gẹ̀n (Òǹkò)
Etymology 1
editPronunciation
editVerb
editgàn
- (transitive) to disparage, criticize, belittle
Usage notes
edit- gan before a direct object
Derived terms
editRelated terms
edit- lámèyítọ́ (“critic”)
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
edit- gẹn (Òǹkò)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgan
- (intransitive) to become stiff, to harden
- kankéré ti gan ― The concrete has hardened
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editAlternative forms
edit- gẹ́n (Òǹkò)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgán
- (transitive) to stub, to clear (plants or a forest)
- Synonym: ṣán
- àgbẹ́ gán' igbó ― The farmer cleared the forest
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
editAlternative forms
edit- gẹ́n (Òǹkò)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgán
Derived terms
editEtymology 5
editAlternative forms
edit- gẹ́n (Òǹkò)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgán
Derived terms
editEtymology 6
editAlternative forms
edit- gẹ́n (Òǹkò)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgán
- to tack or stich something together
- Synonym: rán
- mo gán etí aṣọ pọ̀ ― I hemmed the edge of the cloth together
Derived terms
editRelated terms
edit- gbá (“to stich together the edges of a mat”)
Etymology 7
editAlternative forms
edit- gẹ́n (Òǹkò)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgán
- to snatch something in the air, especially with one hand
Derived terms
edit- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/æn
- Rhymes:English/æn/1 syllable
- English non-lemma forms
- English verb forms
- English terms with archaic senses
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- Northumbrian English
- English terms with quotations
- Geordie English
- Antillean Creole terms derived from French
- Antillean Creole lemmas
- Antillean Creole nouns
- Bambara terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bambara lemmas
- Bambara verbs
- Bambara adjectives
- Bambara transitive verbs
- bm:Gaits
- Dharug terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dharug lemmas
- Dharug nouns
- xdk:Vertebrates
- Dutch Low Saxon lemmas
- Dutch Low Saxon verbs
- Garo terms borrowed from Bengali
- Garo terms derived from Bengali
- Garo lemmas
- Garo nouns
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish prepositions
- Irish prepositions governing the nominative
- Irish terms with quotations
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Jawe lemmas
- Jawe nouns
- jaz:Body art
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian conjunctions
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English prepositions
- Middle English verbs
- Early Middle English
- Northern Middle English
- Middle English non-lemma forms
- Middle English verb forms
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German verbs
- Middle High German irregular verbs
- Middle High German verbs using sīn as auxiliary
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish verbs
- Northern Kurdish nouns
- Nupe terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nupe lemmas
- Nupe verbs
- Nupe terms with usage examples
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₁-
- Old Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰengʰ-
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch verbs
- Old Dutch irregular verbs
- Old Dutch contracted verbs
- Old Dutch irregular strong verbs
- Old Dutch suppletive verbs
- Old Dutch basic verbs
- Old Dutch class 7 strong verbs
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₁-
- Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English verbs
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English irregular verbs
- Old English suppletive verbs
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Frisian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₁-
- Old Frisian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰengʰ-
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian verbs
- Old Frisian irregular verbs
- Old Frisian suppletive verbs
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German verbs
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Saxon terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₁-
- Old Saxon terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰengʰ-
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon verbs
- Old Saxon irregular verbs
- Old Saxon suppletive verbs
- Salar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Salar lemmas
- Salar nouns
- Scots terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scots terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₁-
- Scots terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wendʰ-
- Scots terms inherited from Middle English
- Scots terms derived from Middle English
- Scots terms derived from Old English
- Scots lemmas
- Scots verbs
- Scots irregular verbs
- Scots suppletive verbs
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic pronouns
- Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples
- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Ternate terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate nouns
- Tok Pisin terms derived from English
- Tok Pisin lemmas
- Tok Pisin nouns
- tpi:Weapons
- Turkmen terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkmen terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkmen terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkmen lemmas
- Turkmen nouns
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Old Chinese
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese terms with audio pronunciation
- Vietnamese nouns classified by lá
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- vi:Anatomy
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese nouns classified by cây
- vi:Botany
- Vietnamese adjectives
- Volapük terms with IPA pronunciation
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük nouns
- vo:Animals
- vo:Birds
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh
- Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Welsh/an
- Rhymes:Welsh/an/1 syllable
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh prepositions
- North Wales Welsh
- Welsh terms with usage examples
- Welsh non-lemma forms
- Welsh mutated adjectives
- Welsh soft-mutation forms
- Welsh mutated nouns
- Wolof terms with audio pronunciation
- Wolof lemmas
- Wolof nouns
- wo:People
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba verbs
- Yoruba transitive verbs
- Yoruba terms with usage examples
- Yoruba intransitive verbs