English

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Verb

edit

gan

  1. (archaic) simple past of gin

Etymology 2

edit

Probably a variant of gang, from Middle English gangen, from Old English gangan (to step; walk; go).

Alternative forms

edit

Verb

edit

gan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gannin, simple past went or gan, past participle gone)

  1. (Northumbria) To go.
    • 2011, Chris Dockerty, Ramblings of a Geordie:
      The one problem I had here was my broad Geordie accent which the teachers tried their hardest to make me lose. I couldn't understand their problem with it because I could understand myself. Whenever I told them, "Am gannin yem", they would say, "No, Christopher. It's not "am gannin yem", it's "I am going home".

References

edit


Further reading

edit
  • Frank Graham, editor (1987), “GAN”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
  • Scott Dobson, Dick Irwin “gan”, in Newcastle 1970s: Durham & Tyneside Dialect Group[1], archived from the original on 2024-09-05.
  • Todd's Geordie Words and Phrases, George Todd, Newcastle, 1977[2]
  • “Gan”, in Palgrave’s Word List: Durham & Tyneside Dialect Group[3], archived from the original on 2024-09-05, from F[rancis] M[ilnes] T[emple] Palgrave, A List of Words and Phrases in Everyday Use by the Natives of Hetton-le-Hole in the County of Durham [] (Publications of the English Dialect Society; 74), London: Published for the English Dialect Society by Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, 1896, →OCLC.
  • Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
  • Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “gan”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.

Anagrams

edit

Antillean Creole

edit

Etymology

edit

From French gant.

Noun

edit

gan

  1. glove

Bambara

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gan

  1. to jump

Etymology 2

edit

Adjective

edit

gan

  1. hot

Verb

edit

gan

  1. (transitive) to heat up

References

edit

Dharug

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

gan

  1. reptile
  2. (specifically) goanna

References

edit
  • Jakelin Troy (1993) The Sydney Language, Canberra, →ISBN, page 53

Dutch Low Saxon

edit

Verb

edit

gan

  1. Alternative spelling of gaon

Garo

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Bengali গান (gan).

Noun

edit

gan

  1. song

Irish

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Irish cen (besides; without),[1] from Proto-Celtic *kina (on this side of); compare Middle Welsh am-gen (otherwise), Breton ken (otherwise).

Pronunciation

edit

Preposition

edit

gan (plus nominative, triggers no mutation in specific references but lenition in general references)

  1. without
  2. not (in conjunction with a verbal noun)

Usage notes

edit
  • In standard written Irish, triggers lenition (except of d, s, t) of unmodified nouns, e.g. gan phingin (without a penny). Does not trigger lenition of modified nouns, e.g. gan pingin ina phóca (without a penny in his pocket). In the meaning ‘not’, does not trigger lenition of either a verbal noun or on the direct object of the verbal noun, e.g. gan ceannach (not to buy), gan pingin a shaothrú (not to earn a penny).
  • Unlike most prepositions, gan takes the nominative case of nouns, as shown by the lack of mutation of consonant-initial masculine singular nouns after the definite article, for example gan an plúr (without the flour), and the presence of t-prothesis of vowel-initial masculine singular nouns after the article, for example gan an t-airgead (without the money).
  • Unlike most prepositions, gan does not form prepositional pronouns, but is instead followed by the disjunctive form of a personal pronoun, for example gan mé (without me), gan sinn (without us), gan é (without him).

Quotations

edit
  • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 127:
    ȷ imə šē leš gon ēn ńī ēkāl.
    [D’imigh sé leis gan aon ní a fheiceáil.]
    He left without seeing anything.
  • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 127:
    l̄aurofŭī n̥ ʒēlǵə fōs əŕ fȧ nə ciŕə, ʒā mĭøx gn̥ n̄āŕə ə ve orī fuhə.
    [Labhrófaí an Ghaeilge fós ar feadh na tíre dhá mbeadh gan náire a bheith oraibh fúithi.]
    Irish would still be spoken in the whole country if you pl were not ashamed of it.
  • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 128:
    hāniǵ šē ʒā rā, n̄ax mĭai šə sə mŭȧlə ən̄óxt agəs gon kūrm̥ ə ʒlakə fȳ.
    [Tháinig sé dhá rá nach mbeidh sé sa mbaile anocht agus gan cúram a ghlacadh faoi.]
    He came to say he won’t be home tonight and not to worry about him.

References

edit
  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 127
  3. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 38, page 21
  4. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 127

Further reading

edit

Japanese

edit

Romanization

edit

gan

  1. Rōmaji transcription of がん
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ガン

Jawe

edit

Noun

edit

gan

  1. tattoo

References

edit
  • André-Georges Haudricourt et Françoise Ozanne-Rivière, Dictionnaire thématique des langues de la région de Hienghène (Nouvelle-Calédonie) : pije - fwâi - nemi - jawe, Lacito - Documents, Asie-Austronésie 4, SELAF no. 212, Peeters, 1982

Latvian

edit

Conjunction

edit

gan

  1. both, and

Usage notes

edit

Used in pairs: gan jauna, gan skaista "both young and beautiful"

Mandarin

edit

Romanization

edit

gan

  1. Nonstandard spelling of gān.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of gǎn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of gàn.

Usage notes

edit
  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old English ġeġn.

Preposition

edit

gan

  1. Alternative form of gain (against)

Etymology 2

edit

From Old English gān.

Verb

edit

gan

  1. (Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of gon (to go)

Etymology 3

edit

From Old English gān, ġegān.

Verb

edit

gan

  1. Alternative form of gon (gone)


Middle High German

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Old High German gān, gēn, from Proto-West Germanic *gān.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈɡaːn/

Verb

edit

gān (irregular, third-person singular present gāt, past tense gienc, past participle gegān or gegangen, past subjunctive gienge, auxiliary sīn)

  1. to go

Conjugation

edit

Descendants

edit

Northern Kurdish

edit

Verb

edit

gan (present stem -gê-)

  1. to have sexual intercourse with somebody, to fuck somebody

Noun

edit

gan ?

  1. having sex, fucking

Nupe

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gan

  1. to exceed; to surpass
    Èmì mi li gan èmì u.My house is cleaner than her house.
    U ge gan kpáátá.It's the best. (literally, “It is good surpassing all”)
    Gànsìkiya ligwa gankò.The truth washes the hands more than soap.

Usage notes

edit

Used to construct the comparative and superlative.

Derived terms

edit

Old Dutch

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *gān.

Verb

edit

gān

  1. to go

Conjugation

edit

Derived terms

edit

Descendants

edit

Further reading

edit
  • gān”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *gān, from Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (to leave). The verb was defective in Germanic and may only have existed in the present tense.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gān

  1. to go
    • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, "Gospel of Saint John", chapter 21, verse 3
      Ðā cwæð Simon Petrus tō him, Ic wylle gān on fixað. Þā cwǣdon hī tō him, And wē wyllað gān mid þē. And hī ēodon ūt, and ēodon on scip, and ne fēngon nān þing on þǣre nihte.
      Then said Simon Peter to them. I want to go fishing. Then they said to him, and we want to go with you. And they went out and went in a ship, and caught nothing in the night.
    • late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
      ...hē wolde gān ūt of ðām porte...
      ...he desired to go out of the town...
    • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
      ...swā hwǣr swā hē ēode and hī ealle āstōdon ansunde ætforan him þe on ðām fænne ǣr lagon.
      ...wheresoever he went, and they all rose up sound before him, who aforetime lay in the mire.
  2. to walk
    • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
      ...and hē lēop sona cunniġende his fēðes hwæðer hē cūðe gān.
      and he leapt up immediately, trying his power of motion, whether he could walk.
    • late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
      Sē wer meahte unēaðe þurh hine selfne ārīsan oþþe gān.
      The man could barely get up or walk by himself.
    • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 6:66
      Siþþan maniġe his leornungcneohta ċierdon onbæc and lenġ ne ēodon mid him.
      After that, many of his disciples turned back and no longer walked with him.
  3. to enter
    • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 24:38-39
      On þǣm dagum ǣr þǣm flōde wǣron menn etende and drincende, and wīfiġende and ġifte sellende, ōþ þone dæġ þe Nōe on þā earċe ēode, and hīe nysson ǣr sē flōd cōm and nam hīe ealle.
      In the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah entered the ark, and they didn't know until the flood came and took them all.

Usage notes

edit
  • The expected present participle, gānde, is very rare. Instead gangende is almost always used, from the synonym gangan: Līf nis būtan gangendu sċadu ("Life is but a walking shadow").

Conjugation

edit

Synonyms

edit

Derived terms

edit
edit

Descendants

edit

Old Frisian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *gān.

Verb

edit

gān

  1. to go

Conjugation

edit

Descendants

edit
  • Saterland Frisian: geen (simple past, past participle of gunge)
  • West Frisian: gean

Old High German

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • gēnsee there for more

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *gān.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gān

  1. to go

Usage notes

edit
  • The ā-form was found especially in Alemannic and in western Franconian. In the former, the vocalism was regularized early on (du gās, er gāt); in the latter, the West Germanic vowel alternation (du geis, he geit) has been preserved even to this day.

Descendants

edit

See also

edit

Old Saxon

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *gān.

Verb

edit

gān

  1. to go

Conjugation

edit

Descendants

edit

Salar

edit

Etymology

edit

Cognate with Turkmen gan.

Pronunciation

edit
  • (Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /qɑn/

Noun

edit

gan

  1. blood

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  • Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “gan”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 460
  • Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “gan”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 218
  • 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “gan”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎[4], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 109
  • Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “gan”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon[5], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 104

Scots

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Northern Middle English gan, from Old English gān (to go). Past tense supplied by Old English wenden (to wend).

Verb

edit

gan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gan, simple past went or wett, past participle been)

  1. to go

Scottish Gaelic

edit

Pronoun

edit

gan

  1. them (direct object)
    A bheil sibh gan creidsinn?Do you believe them?

Usage notes

edit
  • Before words beginning with b, f, m or p gam is used instead.
edit

Sumerian

edit

Romanization

edit

gan

  1. Romanization of 𒃶 (gan)

Ternate

edit

Etymology

edit

From older gani.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

gan

  1. Alternative form of gani (louse)

References

edit
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tok Pisin

edit

Etymology

edit

From English gun.

Noun

edit

gan

  1. gun

Turkmen

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kān (blood). Cognate with Turkish kan.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

gan (definite accusative gany, plural ganlar)

  1. blood

Declension

edit

Derived terms

edit

Further reading

edit
  • gan” in Enedilim.com
  • gan” in Webonary.org

Vietnamese

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Vietic *t-kaːn, from Old Chinese (OC *s.kˤa[r]) (SV: can). Cognate with Chut [Rục] təkaːn¹ ("bold").

Displaced native lòm, now only found in the compounds đỏ lòm and chua lòm.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

(classifier ) gan

  1. (anatomy) a liver
  2. (figurative) audacity; gall; balls
    to ganaudacious
    nhát gan / gan thỏ đếchicken

Noun

edit

(classifier cây) gan

  1. (botany) Malus doumeri
    Synonym: sơn tra

Adjective

edit

gan

  1. hepatic
  2. courageous, brave, tough

Derived terms

edit
Derived terms

Anagrams

edit

Volapük

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

gan (nominative plural gans)

  1. (male or female) goose

Declension

edit

Hypernyms

edit

Hyponyms

edit

Derived terms

edit

See also

edit

Welsh

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Middle Welsh cant, from Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta.[1] Cognate with Breton gant and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, against; downwards).

Pronunciation

edit

Preposition

edit

gan (triggers soft mutation)

  1. (North Wales) used with bod to indicate possession
    Synonym: gyda
    Mae gen i wallt hir.
    I have long hair.
    (literally, “Long hair is with me.”)
  2. by (after a passive construction)
    Cafodd y car ei ddwyn gan ddau llanc.
    The car was stolen by two youths.
  3. by (authorship)
  4. used with verbal noun to indicate an action simultaneous with that of the main verb, while, whilst
    • King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
      Aeth o gwmpas y stafell gan ofyn yr un cwestiwn i bawb.
      He went around the room [while] asking everyone the same question.
Usage notes
edit

See gan on Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru for more information.

Inflection
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Adjective

edit

gan

  1. Soft mutation of can.

Noun

edit

gan

  1. Soft mutation of can.

References

edit
  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Mutation

edit
Mutated forms of can
radical soft nasal aspirate
can gan nghan chan

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Wolof

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

gan (definite form gan gi)

  1. stranger
  2. guest

Yoruba

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gàn

  1. (transitive) to disparage, criticize, belittle
    Synonyms: pẹ̀gàn, ṣáátá, ṣàbùkù, kẹ́gàn
    ọ̀tá mí gànmy enemy disparages me
Usage notes
edit
  • gan before a direct object
Derived terms
edit
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gan

  1. (intransitive) to become stiff, to harden
    kankéré ti ganThe concrete has hardened
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 3

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gán

  1. (transitive) to stub, to clear (plants or a forest)
    Synonym: ṣán
    àgbẹ́ gán' igbóThe farmer cleared the forest
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 4

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gán

  1. to use something very sparingly
    Synonym: sún
    mo ń gán owó lòI am using money very sparingly
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 5

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gán

  1. to hit something with a thrown or spun object
    mo ń gán owó lòI am using money very sparingly
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 6

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gán

  1. to tack or stich something together
    Synonym: rán
    mo gán etí aṣọ pọ̀I hemmed the edge of the cloth together
Derived terms
edit
edit
  • gbá (to stich together the edges of a mat)

Etymology 7

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

gán

  1. to snatch something in the air, especially with one hand
    Synonyms: hán, wọ́n
    mo fọwọ́ gán bọ́ọ̀lù náà pákóI used my hand to snatch the ball swiftly from the air
Derived terms
edit