gust

See also: Gust and gušt

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʌst/
• Rhymes: -ʌst

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Apparently from an unrecorded Middle English *gust, from Old Norse gustr (“a gust, blast”), from Proto-Germanic *gustiz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-. Cognate with Icelandic gustur (“gust of wind”). Related also to Old Norse gusa (“to gush forth”), Old High German gussa (“flood”), Middle English guschen (> English gush). The English word was not recorded before Shakespeare.

Noun

gust (plural gusts)

1. A strong, abrupt rush of wind.

   Synonym: windflaw

   • 2017 August 26, Anne Marie Roantree, Venus Wu, “Battered Hong Kong and Macau brace for Pakhar, more flooding”, in Andrew Hay, editor, Reuters‎^[1], archived from the original on 2023-08-05, COMMODITIES NEWS‎^[2]:

     The maximum sustained winds recorded at Waglan Island, Tate’s Cairn and Cheung Chau Beach were 113, 101 and 97 kmh (70, 62, 60 mph) respectively, with maximum gusts 135, 154 and 130 kmh (84, 96, 81 mph)

2. (by extension) Any rush or outburst (of water, emotion, etc.).
   • 1609 (revised 1625), Francis Bacon, De Sapientia Veterum ('Wisdom of the Ancients')

     they are merely driven about by every sudden gust and impulse of the mind

   • 1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Hard Words”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 73:

     The author is not speaking now of actual love-makings, of intrigues and devilish villany, either perpetrated or imagined; but rather of those passing gusts of short-lived and unfounded suspicion to which, as to other accidents, very well-regulated families may occasionally be liable.

Derived terms

• gust decay time
• gust formation time
• gust front
• gust lock
• gustnado
• gusty
• windgust

 

Translations

strong, abrupt rush of wind

• Basque: bolada
• Belarusian: імпэт m (impet)
• Bulgarian: порив (bg) m (poriv)
• Catalan: ratxa (ca) f
• Czech: poryv (cs) m
• Dutch: vlaag (nl) m or f, windvlaag (nl) m or f, rukwind (nl) m, windstoot (nl) m
• Finnish: puuska (fi), tuulenpuuska (fi)
• French: souffle (fr) m, coup de vent (fr) m, bourrasque (fr) f, rafale (fr) f
• Galician: refacho (gl) m, lufada f, lufa f, refolada (gl) f, saluada f, raxada f
• German: Bö (de) f
• Greek:

  Ancient: καταιγίς f (kataigís)

• Greenlandic: anoraarsuaq
• Hebrew: מַשָּב (he) m (masháv)
• Hindi: झोंका m (jhõkā)
• Hungarian: széllökés (hu)
• Icelandic: gustur (is) m, vindhviða (is) f
• Ingrian: vihura
• Italian: folata (it) f, ventata (it) f, raffica (it) f, turbinio (it) m
• Latin: flabrum m
• Maori: pōpōhau, pūrekereke, pararā, apu
• Norman: rafale f
• North Frisian: flååge
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: vindkast n

  Nynorsk: vindkast n

• Polish: poryw (pl) m
• Portuguese: ventania (pt) f, rabanada (pt) f, rajada (pt) f, lufada (pt) f, lufa (pt) f, pé de vento (pt) m
• Russian: поры́в (ru) m (porýv)
• Scottish Gaelic: plathadh m
• Spanish: ráfaga (es) f, racha (es) f, volada (es) f
• Swedish: by (sv) c
• Walloon: houfêye (wa) f, såte di vint (wa) f
• Yiddish: ווייע m (veye)

any rush or outburst

• Bulgarian: пристъп (bg) m (pristǎp)
• Finnish: ryöppy (fi)
• Hindi: आवेश (hi) m (āveś)
• Italian: folata (it) f, tùrbine m, turbinio (it) m
• Polish: zryw (pl) m
• Russian: поры́в (ru) m (porýv), взрыв (ru) m (vzryv)
• Spanish: ramalazo (es) m

Verb

gust (third-person singular simple present gusts, present participle gusting, simple past and past participle gusted)

1. (intransitive, transitive) To blow in gusts.
   • 2019 April 25, Samanth Subramanian, “Hand dryers v paper towels: the surprisingly dirty fight for the right to dry your hands”, in The Guardian‎^[3]:

     Do the dryers disperse bacteria and viruses through the restroom, like autumn breezes gusting leaves across a lawn?

Translations

to blow in gusts

• Finnish: tuulla puuskittaisesti
• Galician: apouvigar
• Italian: turbinare (it)
• Old Czech: dúti impf

Etymology 2

From Middle English gust, guste, from Latin gustus (“taste”) and Old French gust, goust.

Noun

gust (uncountable)

1. (archaic) The physiological faculty of taste.
2. Relish, enjoyment, appreciation.
   • 1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, “[XXVIII Sermons Preached at Golden Grove; Being for the Summer Half-year, […].] ”, in ΕΝΙΑΥΤΟΣ [Eniautos]. A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Royston […], published 1654, →OCLC:
     , "The Spirit of Grace"

     An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and appetite.

   • 1733, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Man. […], (please specify |epistle=I to IV), London: Printed for J[ohn] Wilford, […], →OCLC:

     Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust.

   • 1942: ‘Yes, indeed,’ said Sava with solemn gust. — Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (Canongate 2006, p. 1050)
3. Intellectual taste; fancy.
   • 1695, C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC:

     A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients.

Etymology 3

From Middle English gusten (“to taste, have a taste for”), from the noun (see above).

Verb

gust (third-person singular simple present gusts, present participle gusting, simple past and past participle gusted)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To taste.
2. (obsolete, transitive) To have a relish for.

Related terms

• degust
• disgust
• gustate

Anagrams

• GUTs, Guts, guts, tugs

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin gustus, from Proto-Italic *gustus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus. First attested in the 14th century, it was possibly a semi-learned word or early borrowing; compare the sound changes in the inherited Occitan gost, Portuguese gosto, and French goût.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈɡust]

Noun

gust m (plural gusts or gustos)

1. taste (sense)
2. flavour

   Synonym: sabor

3. relish, pleasure

   Synonym: plaer

4. taste (aesthetic preference), style

   molt al gust borbònic ― very much in the Bourbon style

Derived terms

• a gust
• bon gust
• disgust
• gustós
• molt de gust
• regust
• venir de gust

 

Related terms

• degustar
• gustar
• gustatiu

 

Further reading

• “gust” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “gust” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “gust” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin gustus, from Proto-Italic *gustus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus. Possibly a borrowing or semi-learned term.

Noun

gust m (plural gusts)

1. relish, zest, enjoyment
2. taste

Synonyms

• (taste): savôr

Derived terms

• gustôs

Related terms

• gustâ

Icelandic

Noun

gust

1. indefinite accusative singular of gustur

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin gustus, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus. First attested in the 1656-1688.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡust/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈɡust/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ust
• Syllabification: gust

Noun

gust m inan (diminutive guścik)

1. taste (person's implicit set of preferences, especially esthetic, though also culinary, sartorial, etc)

   Synonym: smak

2. liking, palate, relish

   Near-synonyms: ochota, upodobanie, zamiłowanie

3. kind, sort, style

   Synonyms: rodzaj, styl

Declension

Declension of gust

	singular	plural
nominative	gust	gusty/gusta
genitive	gustu	gustów
dative	gustowi	gustom
accusative	gust	gusty/gusta
instrumental	gustem	gustami
locative	guście	gustach
vocative	guście	gusty/gusta

Note: The form gusta is dated.

Derived terms

adjectives

• bezgustowny
• gustowny
• w dobrym guście
• w złym guście

 

nouns

• bezguście

 

verbs

• gustować impf
• przypadać do gustu impf, przypaść do gustu pf

 

phrases

• coś w tym guście
• są gusta i guściki

 

Related terms

adverbs

• gustownie

 

nouns

• gustowność

 

Further reading

• gust in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gust in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “gust”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡust/

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin gustus, from Proto-Italic *gustus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus.

Noun

gust n (plural gusturi)

1. taste

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	gust	gustul		gusturi	gusturile
genitive-dative	gust	gustului		gusturi	gusturilor
vocative	gustule			gusturilor

Derived terms

• gustos

Related terms

• gusta
• gustare

See also

• savoare

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin (mensis) augustus (through Vulgar Latin agustus). Compare also Albanian gusht (“August”).

Alternative forms

• agust

Noun

gust m (uncountable)

1. (popular/folk usage, rare) August

   Synonyms: (standard/most common) august; (popular/folk name) gustar; (popular/folk name) măsălar

Derived terms

• gustar

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gǫstъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡûːst/

Adjective

gȗst (Cyrillic spelling гу̑ст, definite gȗstī, comparative gȕšćī)

1. dense

Declension

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		gust	gusta	gusto
genitive		gusta	guste	gusta
dative		gustu	gustoj	gustu
accusative	inanimate animate	gust gusta	gustu	gusto
vocative		gust	gusta	gusto
locative		gustu	gustoj	gustu
instrumental		gustim	gustom	gustim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		gusti	guste	gusta
genitive		gustih	gustih	gustih
dative		gustim(a)	gustim(a)	gustim(a)
accusative		guste	guste	gusta
vocative		gusti	guste	gusta
locative		gustim(a)	gustim(a)	gustim(a)
instrumental		gustim(a)	gustim(a)	gustim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		gusti	gusta	gusto
genitive		gustog(a)	guste	gustog(a)
dative		gustom(u/e)	gustoj	gustom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	gusti gustog(a)	gustu	gusto
vocative		gusti	gusta	gusto
locative		gustom(e/u)	gustoj	gustom(e/u)
instrumental		gustim	gustom	gustim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		gusti	guste	gusta
genitive		gustih	gustih	gustih
dative		gustim(a)	gustim(a)	gustim(a)
accusative		guste	guste	gusta
vocative		gusti	guste	gusta
locative		gustim(a)	gustim(a)	gustim(a)
instrumental		gustim(a)	gustim(a)	gustim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		gušći	gušća	gušće
genitive		gušćeg(a)	gušće	gušćeg(a)
dative		gušćem(u)	gušćoj	gušćem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	gušći gušćeg(a)	gušću	gušće
vocative		gušći	gušća	gušće
locative		gušćem(u)	gušćoj	gušćem(u)
instrumental		gušćim	gušćom	gušćim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		gušći	gušće	gušća
genitive		gušćih	gušćih	gušćih
dative		gušćim(a)	gušćim(a)	gušćim(a)
accusative		gušće	gušće	gušća
vocative		gušći	gušće	gušća
locative		gušćim(a)	gušćim(a)	gušćim(a)
instrumental		gušćim(a)	gušćim(a)	gušćim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najgušći	najgušća	najgušće
genitive		najgušćeg(a)	najgušće	najgušćeg(a)
dative		najgušćem(u)	najgušćoj	najgušćem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najgušći najgušćeg(a)	najgušću	najgušće
vocative		najgušći	najgušća	najgušće
locative		najgušćem(u)	najgušćoj	najgušćem(u)
instrumental		najgušćim	najgušćom	najgušćim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najgušći	najgušće	najgušća
genitive		najgušćih	najgušćih	najgušćih
dative		najgušćim(a)	najgušćim(a)	najgušćim(a)
accusative		najgušće	najgušće	najgušća
vocative		najgušći	najgušće	najgušća
locative		najgušćim(a)	najgušćim(a)	najgušćim(a)
instrumental		najgušćim(a)	najgušćim(a)	najgušćim(a)