Wiktionary

muka

See also: múka, mũka, mūka, mūkā, мука, and Muka

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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Borrowed from Maori.

Noun

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muka (uncountable)

  1. Prepared fibre of harakeke, used in traditional Maori weaving.

Anagrams

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Czech

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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muka n pl

  1. (literary) agony, torment, ordeal

Declension

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Declension of muka (pl-only velar neuter)
plural
nominative muka
genitive muk
dative mukám
accusative muka
vocative muka
locative mukách
instrumental muky
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Further reading

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  • “muka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “muka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “muka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *muka, probably equivalent to muu (“other, else”) +‎ -ka. Akin to Karelian muka, Livvi muga and Veps muga.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈmukɑ/, [ˈmukɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ukɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): mu‧ka

Adverb

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muka (not comparable)

  1. supposedly, allegedly, as if (used to express that what follows is doubtful or untrue)
    Synonyms: mukamas, (dialectal) mukamasten, mukamasti
    Miten voi kalliimpi olla aina muka jotenkin parempi?
    How can more expensive supposedly always be somehow better?
    Oletko sinä muka purjehtinut Atlantin yli?
    Do you claim you have sailed across the Atlantic?
  2. (in compounds) pseudo-

Derived terms

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compounds

See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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From Malay muka, from Sanskrit मुख (mukha).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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muka (plural muka-muka)

  1. face
    Synonym: wajah
    1. the front part of the head, featuring the eyes, nose, and mouth and the surrounding area.
    2. the public image; outward appearance.
    3. the frontal aspect of something.
  2. act, façade, front, persona, show: an intentional and false impression of oneself.
  3. person.
  4. typeface.
    Synonym: pagina
  5. previous event.

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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Javanese

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Romanization

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muka

  1. Romanization of ꦩꦸꦏ.

Kaurna

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Noun

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muka

  1. egg
  2. anything of oval or round shape

See also

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Lower Sorbian

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muka

Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *mǫka; cognate with Upper Sorbian muka, Polish mąka, Czech mouka, Russian мука́ (muká), Old Church Slavonic мѫка (mǫka).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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muka f (diminutive mucka)

  1. flour (powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains)

Declension

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Declension of muka
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative muka muce muki
Genitive muki mukowu mukow
Dative muce mukoma mukam
Accusative muku muce muki
Instrumental muku mukoma mukami
Locative muce mukoma mukach

Malay

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (mukha).[1] Displaced earlier muha regular reflex of Proto-Malayic *muha (“face; front”); and dahi (now meaning “forehead”) from Proto-Malayic *dahi from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqih from Proto-Austronesian *daqiS (“forehead; face”).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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muka (Jawi spelling موک, plural muka-muka, informal 1st possessive mukaku, 2nd possessive mukamu, 3rd possessive mukanya)

  1. (anatomy) face
    Synonym: wajah
  2. front, facade
    Synonym: depan
  3. surface, flat or exposed overside
    Synonym: permukaan

Derived terms

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Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

Descendants

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  • Indonesian: muka
  • → Urak Lawoi': มูคา (mukha)

References

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  1. ^ Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994, →ISBN, page 120
  2. ^ Hoogervorst, Tom G. (2023) “Traces of Contact in the Lexicon”, in Lexical Influence from South Asia‎[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 39
  • Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “موك moeka”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 137
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “موک muka”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 663
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “muka”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 150

Further reading

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Mambae

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Noun

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muka

  1. banana

Mwani

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Noun

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muka class 1 (plural waka)

  1. wife

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Oromo

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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muka

  1. tree

Phuthi

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Verb

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-múka

  1. to leave, to depart

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Rayón Zoque

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Noun

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muka

  1. mushroom

References

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  • Harrison, Roy, B. de Harrison, Margaret, López Juárez, Francisco, Ordoñes, Cosme (1984) Vocabulario zoque de Rayón (Serie de diccionarios y vocabularios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 28)‎[3] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 18

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“torture, torment”), Cognates include Czech muka.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /mûka/
  • Hyphenation: mu‧ka

Noun

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mȕka f (Cyrillic spelling му̏ка)

  1. pain
  2. torment
  3. nausea
  4. trouble
Declension
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Declension of muka
singular plural
nominative mȕka muke
genitive muke mȗkā
dative mȕci mukama
accusative muku muke
vocative muko muke
locative mȕci mukama
instrumental mukom mukama
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“flour”), Cognates include Czech mouka.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /mǔːka/
  • Hyphenation: mu‧ka

Noun

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múka f (Cyrillic spelling му́ка)

  1. (regional) flour
    Synonym: brašno
Declension
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Declension of muka
singular
nominative múka
genitive muke
dative múci
accusative muku
vocative muko
locative múci
instrumental mukom

Slovak

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka.

Noun

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muka f

  1. torture
  2. excruciating pain

Usage notes

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Almost exclusively used in the plural; the singular form is used mostly in poetry.

Declension

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Declension of muka (pattern žena)
singularplural
nominativemukamuky
genitivemukymúk
dativemukemukám
accusativemukumuky
locativemukemukách
instrumentalmukoumukami

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “muka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Tarifit

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic موكة (mūka, “owl”), from Berber origin.

Noun

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muka f (Tifinagh spelling ⵎⵓⴽⴰ, plural mukat)

  1. owl

Zulu

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Verb

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-múka

  1. (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of -emuka

Inflection

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Tone H
Infinitive ukumuka
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukumuka ukungamuki
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular muka -muke
Plural mukani -mukeni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyamuka, ngimuka engimukayo, engimuka ngimuka angimuki engingamuki ngingamuki
2nd singular uyamuka, umuka omukayo, omuka umuka awumuki ongamuki ungamuki
1st plural siyamuka, simuka esimukayo, esimuka simuka asimuki esingamuki singamuki
2nd plural niyamuka, nimuka enimukayo, enimuka nimuka animuki eningamuki ningamuki
Class 1 uyamuka, umuka omukayo, omuka emuka akamuki ongamuki engamuki
Class 2 bayamuka, bamuka abamukayo, abamuka bemuka abamuki abangamuki bengamuki
Class 3 uyamuka, umuka omukayo, omuka umuka awumuki ongamuki ungamuki
Class 4 iyamuka, imuka emukayo, emuka imuka ayimuki engamuki ingamuki
Class 5 liyamuka, limuka elimukayo, elimuka limuka alimuki elingamuki lingamuki
Class 6 ayamuka, amuka amukayo, amuka emuka awamuki angamuki engamuki
Class 7 siyamuka, simuka esimukayo, esimuka simuka asimuki esingamuki singamuki
Class 8 ziyamuka, zimuka ezimukayo, ezimuka zimuka azimuki ezingamuki zingamuki
Class 9 iyamuka, imuka emukayo, emuka imuka ayimuki engamuki ingamuki
Class 10 ziyamuka, zimuka ezimukayo, ezimuka zimuka azimuki ezingamuki zingamuki
Class 11 luyamuka, lumuka olumukayo, olumuka lumuka alumuki olungamuki lungamuki
Class 14 buyamuka, bumuka obumukayo, obumuka bumuka abumuki obungamuki bungamuki
Class 15 kuyamuka, kumuka okumukayo, okumuka kumuka akumuki okungamuki kungamuki
Class 17 kuyamuka, kumuka okumukayo, okumuka kumuka akumuki okungamuki kungamuki
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngimukile, ngimukē engimukile, engimukē ngimukile, ngimukē angimukanga engingamukanga ngingamukanga
2nd singular umukile, umukē omukile, omukē umukile, umukē awumukanga ongamukanga ungamukanga
1st plural simukile, simukē esimukile, esimukē simukile, simukē asimukanga esingamukanga singamukanga
2nd plural nimukile, nimukē enimukile, enimukē nimukile, nimukē animukanga eningamukanga ningamukanga
Class 1 umukile, umukē omukile, omukē emukile, emukē akamukanga ongamukanga engamukanga
Class 2 bamukile, bamukē abamukile, abamukē bemukile, bemukē abamukanga abangamukanga bengamukanga
Class 3 umukile, umukē omukile, omukē umukile, umukē awumukanga ongamukanga ungamukanga
Class 4 imukile, imukē emukile, emukē imukile, imukē ayimukanga engamukanga ingamukanga
Class 5 limukile, limukē elimukile, elimukē limukile, limukē alimukanga elingamukanga lingamukanga
Class 6 amukile, amukē amukile, amukē emukile, emukē awamukanga angamukanga engamukanga
Class 7 simukile, simukē esimukile, esimukē simukile, simukē asimukanga esingamukanga singamukanga
Class 8 zimukile, zimukē ezimukile, ezimukē zimukile, zimukē azimukanga ezingamukanga zingamukanga
Class 9 imukile, imukē emukile, emukē imukile, imukē ayimukanga engamukanga ingamukanga
Class 10 zimukile, zimukē ezimukile, ezimukē zimukile, zimukē azimukanga ezingamukanga zingamukanga
Class 11 lumukile, lumukē olumukile, olumukē lumukile, lumukē alumukanga olungamukanga lungamukanga
Class 14 bumukile, bumukē obumukile, obumukē bumukile, bumukē abumukanga obungamukanga bungamukanga
Class 15 kumukile, kumukē okumukile, okumukē kumukile, kumukē akumukanga okungamukanga kungamukanga
Class 17 kumukile, kumukē okumukile, okumukē kumukile, kumukē akumukanga okungamukanga kungamukanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāmuka engāmuka ngāmuka angimukanga engingamukanga ngingamukanga
2nd singular wāmuka owāmuka wāmuka awumukanga ongamukanga ungamukanga
1st plural sāmuka esāmuka sāmuka asimukanga esingamukanga singamukanga
2nd plural nāmuka enāmuka nāmuka animukanga eningamukanga ningamukanga
Class 1 wāmuka owāmuka āmuka akamukanga ongamukanga engamukanga
Class 2 bāmuka abāmuka bāmuka abamukanga abangamukanga bengamukanga
Class 3 wāmuka owāmuka wāmuka awumukanga ongamukanga ungamukanga
Class 4 yāmuka eyāmuka yāmuka ayimukanga engamukanga ingamukanga
Class 5 lāmuka elāmuka lāmuka alimukanga elingamukanga lingamukanga
Class 6 āmuka āmuka āmuka awamukanga angamukanga engamukanga
Class 7 sāmuka esāmuka sāmuka asimukanga esingamukanga singamukanga
Class 8 zāmuka ezāmuka zāmuka azimukanga ezingamukanga zingamukanga
Class 9 yāmuka eyāmuka yāmuka ayimukanga engamukanga ingamukanga
Class 10 zāmuka ezāmuka zāmuka azimukanga ezingamukanga zingamukanga
Class 11 lwāmuka olwāmuka lwāmuka alumukanga olungamukanga lungamukanga
Class 14 bāmuka obāmuka bāmuka abumukanga obungamukanga bungamukanga
Class 15 kwāmuka okwāmuka kwāmuka akumukanga okungamukanga kungamukanga
Class 17 kwāmuka okwāmuka kwāmuka akumukanga okungamukanga kungamukanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingamuka — ngingamuka ngingemuke — ngingemuke
2nd singular ungamuka — ungamuka ungemuke — ungemuke
1st plural singamuka — singamuka singemuke — singemuke
2nd plural ningamuka — ningamuka ningemuke — ningemuke
Class 1 angamuka — engamuka angemuke — engemuke
Class 2 bangamuka — bengamuka bangemuke — bengemuke
Class 3 ungamuka — ungamuka ungemuke — ungemuke
Class 4 ingamuka — ingamuka ingemuke — ingemuke
Class 5 lingamuka — lingamuka lingemuke — lingemuke
Class 6 angamuka — engamuka angemuke — engemuke
Class 7 singamuka — singamuka singemuke — singemuke
Class 8 zingamuka — zingamuka zingemuke — zingemuke
Class 9 ingamuka — ingamuka ingemuke — ingemuke
Class 10 zingamuka — zingamuka zingemuke — zingemuke
Class 11 lungamuka — lungamuka lungemuke — lungemuke
Class 14 bungamuka — bungamuka bungemuke — bungemuke
Class 15 kungamuka — kungamuka kungemuke — kungemuke
Class 17 kungamuka — kungamuka kungemuke — kungemuke
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizomuka engizomuka ngizomuka angizumuka engingezumuka ngingezumuka
2nd singular uzomuka ozomuka uzomuka awuzumuka ongezumuka ungezumuka
1st plural sizomuka esizomuka sizomuka asizumuka esingezumuka singezumuka
2nd plural nizomuka enizomuka nizomuka anizumuka eningezumuka ningezumuka
Class 1 uzomuka ozomuka ezomuka akazumuka ongezumuka engezumuka
Class 2 bazomuka abazomuka bezomuka abazumuka abangezumuka bengezumuka
Class 3 uzomuka ozomuka uzomuka awuzumuka ongezumuka ungezumuka
Class 4 izomuka ezomuka izomuka ayizumuka engezumuka ingezumuka
Class 5 lizomuka elizomuka lizomuka alizumuka elingezumuka lingezumuka
Class 6 azomuka azomuka ezomuka awazumuka angezumuka engezumuka
Class 7 sizomuka esizomuka sizomuka asizumuka esingezumuka singezumuka
Class 8 zizomuka ezizomuka zizomuka azizumuka ezingezumuka zingezumuka
Class 9 izomuka ezomuka izomuka ayizumuka engezumuka ingezumuka
Class 10 zizomuka ezizomuka zizomuka azizumuka ezingezumuka zingezumuka
Class 11 luzomuka oluzomuka luzomuka aluzumuka olungezumuka lungezumuka
Class 14 buzomuka obuzomuka buzomuka abuzumuka obungezumuka bungezumuka
Class 15 kuzomuka okuzomuka kuzomuka akuzumuka okungezumuka kungezumuka
Class 17 kuzomuka okuzomuka kuzomuka akuzumuka okungezumuka kungezumuka
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyomuka engiyomuka ngiyomuka angiyumuka engingeyumuka ngingeyumuka
2nd singular uyomuka oyomuka uyomuka awuyumuka ongeyumuka ungeyumuka
1st plural siyomuka esiyomuka siyomuka asiyumuka esingeyumuka singeyumuka
2nd plural niyomuka eniyomuka niyomuka aniyumuka eningeyumuka ningeyumuka
Class 1 uyomuka oyomuka eyomuka akayumuka ongeyumuka engeyumuka
Class 2 bayomuka abayomuka beyomuka abayumuka abangeyumuka bengeyumuka
Class 3 uyomuka oyomuka uyomuka awuyumuka ongeyumuka ungeyumuka
Class 4 iyomuka eyomuka iyomuka ayiyumuka engeyumuka ingeyumuka
Class 5 liyomuka eliyomuka liyomuka aliyumuka elingeyumuka lingeyumuka
Class 6 ayomuka ayomuka eyomuka awayumuka angeyumuka engeyumuka
Class 7 siyomuka esiyomuka siyomuka asiyumuka esingeyumuka singeyumuka
Class 8 ziyomuka eziyomuka ziyomuka aziyumuka ezingeyumuka zingeyumuka
Class 9 iyomuka eyomuka iyomuka ayiyumuka engeyumuka ingeyumuka
Class 10 ziyomuka eziyomuka ziyomuka aziyumuka ezingeyumuka zingeyumuka
Class 11 luyomuka oluyomuka luyomuka aluyumuka olungeyumuka lungeyumuka
Class 14 buyomuka obuyomuka buyomuka abuyumuka obungeyumuka bungeyumuka
Class 15 kuyomuka okuyomuka kuyomuka akuyumuka okungeyumuka kungeyumuka
Class 17 kuyomuka okuyomuka kuyomuka akuyumuka okungeyumuka kungeyumuka
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngimuke ngingamuki
2nd singular umuke ungamuki
1st plural simuke singamuki
2nd plural nimuke ningamuki
Class 1 amuke angamuki
Class 2 bamuke bangamuki
Class 3 umuke ungamuki
Class 4 imuke ingamuki
Class 5 limuke lingamuki
Class 6 amuke angamuki
Class 7 simuke singamuki
Class 8 zimuke zingamuki
Class 9 imuke ingamuki
Class 10 zimuke zingamuki
Class 11 lumuke lungamuki
Class 14 bumuke bungamuki
Class 15 kumuke kungamuki
Class 17 kumuke kungamuki
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngamuka ngangamuka, angamuka, angangamuka
2nd singular wamuka wangamuka, awamuka, awangamuka
1st plural samuka sangamuka, asamuka, asangamuka
2nd plural namuka nangamuka, anamuka, anangamuka
Class 1 wamuka wangamuka, akamuka, akangamuka
Class 2 bamuka bangamuka, abamuka, abangamuka
Class 3 wamuka wangamuka, awamuka, awangamuka
Class 4 yamuka yangamuka, ayamuka, ayangamuka
Class 5 lamuka langamuka, alamuka, alangamuka
Class 6 amuka angamuka, awamuka, awangamuka
Class 7 samuka sangamuka, asamuka, asangamuka
Class 8 zamuka zangamuka, azamuka, azangamuka
Class 9 yamuka yangamuka, ayamuka, ayangamuka
Class 10 zamuka zangamuka, azamuka, azangamuka
Class 11 lwamuka lwangamuka, alwamuka, alwangamuka
Class 14 bamuka bangamuka, abamuka, abangamuka
Class 15 kwamuka kwangamuka, akwamuka, akwangamuka
Class 17 kwamuka kwangamuka, akwamuka, akwangamuka

References

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