Wiktionary

plan

See also: PLAN, Plan, plán, plån, plaň, pláň, and -plan
Languages (20)
English
Azerbaijani • Danish • Dutch • French • Friulian • German • Indonesian • Kashubian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Polish • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Spanish • Swedish • Turkish • Volapük
Page categories

English

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English Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia Wikipedia

Etymology

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Borrowed from French plan (“a ground-plot of a building”), from plan (“flat”), a later form of the vernacular plain, from Latin planus (“flat, plane”); see plain, plane.

Pronunciation

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  • enPR: plăn, IPA(key): /plæn/
  • (US regional) IPA(key): [plɛən]
    • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -æn

Noun

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plan (plural plans)

  2. A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.
    Synonyms: design, scheme; see also Thesaurus:diagram
    The plans for many important buildings were once publicly available.
  4. A set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.
    Synonyms: design, scheme; see also Thesaurus:design
    He didn't really have a plan; he had a goal and a habit of control.
    • 1980, John Lennon (lyrics and music), “Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)”, in Double Fantasy:
      Life is what happens to you / While you're busy making other plans
  6. A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.
    Synonym: floor plan
    Seen in plan, the building had numerous passageways not apparent to visitors.
  8. A method; a way of procedure; a custom.
  10. A subscription to a service.
    a phone plan
    an Internet plan

Usage notes

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  • A plan ("set of intended actions") can be developed, executed, implemented, ignored, abandoned, scrapped, changed, etc.

Synonyms

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2-dimensional drawing of a building

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Japanese: プラン (puran)

Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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plan (third-person singular simple present plans, present participle planning, simple past and past participle planned)

  2. (transitive) To design (a building, machine, etc.).
    The architect planned the building for the client.
  4. (transitive) To create a plan for.
    They jointly planned the project in phases, with good detail for the first month.
  6. (intransitive) To intend.
    He planned to go, but work intervened.
    • 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
      It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.
  8. (intransitive) To make a plan.
    They planned for the worst, bringing lots of emergency supplies.

Usage notes

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Conjugation

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Conjugation of plan
infinitive (to) plan
present tense past tense
1st-person singular plan planed
2nd-person singular plan, planest† planed, planedst†
3rd-person singular plans, planeth† planed
plural plan
subjunctive plan planed
imperative plan —
participles planing planed

†Archaic or obsolete.

Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Further reading

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Azerbaijani

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Other scripts
Cyrillic план
Abjad پلان

Pronunciation

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Noun

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plan (definite accusative planı, plural planlar)

  1. plan (set of intended actions), scheme
    Amma o ümidini itirmirdi, çünki artıq yeni möhtəşəm plan cızmışdı.
    But s/he didn't lose hope, because s/he had already come up with a new magnificent plan.
    beş illik planını üç il yarıma yerinə yetirmək ― to complete a five year plan in three and a half years
    bütün planlar pozuldu ― all plans were ruined
  2. draft, plan, scheme, contrivance, road map
  3. layout
    arxa plan ― background
    ön plan ― foreground
    bu gündəm arxa plana keçdi ― this agenda faded into the background

Declension

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    Declension of plan
singular plural
nominative plan
 planlar
definite accusative planı
 planları
dative plana
 planlara
locative planda
 planlarda
ablative plandan
 planlardan
definite genitive planın
 planların
    Possessive forms of plan
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) planım planlarım
sənin (“your”) planın planların
onun (“his/her/its”) planı planları
bizim (“our”) planımız planlarımız
sizin (“your”) planınız planlarınız
onların (“their”) planı or planları planları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) planımı planlarımı
sənin (“your”) planını planlarını
onun (“his/her/its”) planını planlarını
bizim (“our”) planımızı planlarımızı
sizin (“your”) planınızı planlarınızı
onların (“their”) planını or planlarını planlarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) planıma planlarıma
sənin (“your”) planına planlarına
onun (“his/her/its”) planına planlarına
bizim (“our”) planımıza planlarımıza
sizin (“your”) planınıza planlarınıza
onların (“their”) planına or planlarına planlarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) planımda planlarımda
sənin (“your”) planında planlarında
onun (“his/her/its”) planında planlarında
bizim (“our”) planımızda planlarımızda
sizin (“your”) planınızda planlarınızda
onların (“their”) planında or planlarında planlarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) planımdan planlarımdan
sənin (“your”) planından planlarından
onun (“his/her/its”) planından planlarından
bizim (“our”) planımızdan planlarımızdan
sizin (“your”) planınızdan planlarınızdan
onların (“their”) planından or planlarından planlarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) planımın planlarımın
sənin (“your”) planının planlarının
onun (“his/her/its”) planının planlarının
bizim (“our”) planımızın planlarımızın
sizin (“your”) planınızın planlarınızın
onların (“their”) planının or planlarının planlarının

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “plan” in Obastan.com.

Danish

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Etymology

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From German Plan (“project, plan”), from French plan (“plan, map; plane”), from Latin plānus (“level, flat, even”), from plānus (“flat, even, level”), from Proto-Italic *plānos, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂-no-s (“flattened”), from *pleh₂- (“flat”).

Noun

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plan c (singular definite planen, plural indefinite planer)

  1. a plan
  2. a level or plane

Declension

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Declension of plan
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative plan planen planer planerne
genitive plans planens planers planernes

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from French plan, from Middle French plant.

Noun

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plan n (plural plannen, diminutive plannetje n)

  1. a set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve a goal: plan, plot, scheme
  2. a technical drawing
  3. a detailed map of a relatively small area, such as a building or settlement
    Synonym: plattegrond
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Negerhollands: plan
  • → Caribbean Javanese: plan
  • → Indonesian: plan

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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plan

  1. inflection of plannen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From earlier plant, derived from the verb planter, or from Latin planus. Doublet of plant or plain, depending on which etymology is right.

Noun

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plan m (plural plans)

  1. map (schematic maps of streets, subways, etc.)
    un plan du métro ― a subway map
  2. plane (flat surface)
    un plan incliné ― an inclined plane
  3. (geometry) plane
  4. (film) shot
  5. plan
    Synonym: projet
    Quels sont tes plans pour cet été?
    What are your plans for this summer?
  6. (slang) hookup (short for plan cul)
  7. (slang, dated) a small case inserted in the rectum in order to hide one's valuables from a full-body search
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Latin plānus. Doublet of plain, which was inherited, and piano.

Adjective

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plan (feminine plane, masculine plural plans, feminine plural planes)

  1. planar
Derived terms
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Further reading

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Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin plānus.

Adjective

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plan

  1. flat, level, plane
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See also

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Noun

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plan m (plural plans)

  1. plane
  2. plan

German

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Etymology

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From Middle High German plān, from Latin plānus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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plan (strong nominative masculine singular planer, comparative planer, superlative am plansten)

  1. (technical) planar, flat, level, smooth
    Synonym: eben
  2. (archaic) plain, forthright
    • 1887, Otto Gradenwitz, Die Ungültigkeit obligatorischer Rechtsgeschäfte, Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, page 108:
      [Zur Auslegung von Dig. 16, 1, 8, 2] Ferner muss man wohl sagen, dass eine so plane Wahrheit, wie die, dass im Falle des Betruges keine Intercession vorliege, nicht erst von Marcellus entdeckt worden sein kann, und dass daher nicht erst Marcellus in seinen Noten den Julianus dahin zu corrigiren brauchte; dass die Betrügerin nicht intercedirt hat, das wusste auch Julianus!
      [Regarding the interpretation of Dig. 16, 1, 8, 2] One must say furthermore fittingly that such a plain truth like that in the case of fraud there is no intercession cannot have been discovered only by Marcellus, and that hence Marcellus did not have to correct Julianus in his notes; that the fraudstress has not interceded, this was already known to Julianus!

Declension

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Positive forms of plan
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist plan sie ist plan es ist plan sie sind plan
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative planer plane planes plane
genitive planen planer planen planer
dative planem planer planem planen
accusative planen plane planes plane
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der plane die plane das plane die planen
genitive des planen der planen des planen der planen
dative dem planen der planen dem planen den planen
accusative den planen die plane das plane die planen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein planer eine plane ein planes (keine) planen
genitive eines planen einer planen eines planen (keiner) planen
dative einem planen einer planen einem planen (keinen) planen
accusative einen planen eine plane ein planes (keine) planen
Comparative forms of plan
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist planer sie ist planer es ist planer sie sind planer
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative planerer planere planeres planere
genitive planeren planerer planeren planerer
dative planerem planerer planerem planeren
accusative planeren planere planeres planere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der planere die planere das planere die planeren
genitive des planeren der planeren des planeren der planeren
dative dem planeren der planeren dem planeren den planeren
accusative den planeren die planere das planere die planeren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein planerer eine planere ein planeres (keine) planeren
genitive eines planeren einer planeren eines planeren (keiner) planeren
dative einem planeren einer planeren einem planeren (keinen) planeren
accusative einen planeren eine planere ein planeres (keine) planeren
Superlative forms of plan
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am plansten sie ist am plansten es ist am plansten sie sind am plansten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative planster planste planstes planste
genitive plansten planster plansten planster
dative planstem planster planstem plansten
accusative plansten planste planstes planste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der planste die planste das planste die plansten
genitive des plansten der plansten des plansten der plansten
dative dem plansten der plansten dem plansten den plansten
accusative den plansten die planste das planste die plansten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein planster eine planste ein planstes (keine) plansten
genitive eines plansten einer plansten eines plansten (keiner) plansten
dative einem plansten einer plansten einem plansten (keinen) plansten
accusative einen plansten eine planste ein planstes (keine) plansten

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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  • “plan” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “plan” in Duden online

Indonesian

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Etymology

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From Dutch plan, from French plan (“a ground-plot of a building”), from plan (“flat”), a later form of the vernacular plain, from Latin planus (“flat, plane”). Doublet of pelan.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /plan/, [ˈplan], [pə̆ˈlan]
  • Hyphenation: plan

Noun

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plan

  1. plan, a set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.
    Synonym: rencana

Alternative forms

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  • pelan (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

Further reading

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Kashubian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Polish plan.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈplan/
  • Rhymes: -an
  • Syllabification: plan

Noun

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plan m inan

  1. plan (a set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal)

Derived terms

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verbs

Further reading

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  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “plan”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[2], volume 2, page 425

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From German Plan (“project, plan”), from French plan (“plan, map; plane”), from Latin plānus (“level, flat, even”), from plānus (“flat, even, level”), from Proto-Italic *plānos, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂-no-s (“flattened”), from *pleh₂- (“flat”).

Noun

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plan m (definite singular planen, indefinite plural planer, definite plural planene)

  1. a plan
  2. a level or plane

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From German Plan, from Latin plānum.

Noun

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plan n (definite singular planet, indefinite plural plan, definite plural plana)

  1. plane
  2. level
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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plan m (definite singular planen, indefinite plural planar, definite plural planane)

  1. a plan
    Kva er planen din? ― What's your plan?
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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From Latin planus.

Adjective

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plan (neuter plant, definite singular and plural plane, comparative planare, indefinite superlative planast, definite superlative planaste)

  1. plane, flat

References

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Occitan

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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plan m (plural plans)

  1. plan (a drawing showing technical details of a building)
  2. plan (a set of intended actions)

Adjective

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plan m (feminine singular plana, masculine plural plans, feminine plural planas)

  1. flat
    Synonym: planièr

Adverb

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plan

  1. well
    Antonym: mal
  2. very, quite
    Synonym: fòrça
    mercés plan ― thank you very much

Further reading

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  • Joan de Cantalausa (2006) Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians‎[3], 2 edition, →ISBN, page 754.

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Borrowed from French plan.[1][2] Sense 1 is a semantic loan from English plan and German Plan.[3] First attested in the 19th century.[4]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈplan/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -an
  • Syllabification: plan

Noun

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plan m inan

  2. plan (a set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal) [with żeby (+ past-tense clause or infinitive) ‘to do what’]
    Synonym: zamysł
  3. plan (series of actions to be performed in a particular order and at a particular time)
    Synonyms: program, rozkład
  4. plan (design of a creation)
    Synonyms: szkic, zarys
  5. plan (a drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc)
  6. plane (place of objects or people in a painting, drawing, theatrical stage or landscape, which is distinguished by the distance from the observer)
  7. (film) shot (range of view of the camera, resulting from its distance from the object being filmed)
  8. (film) location; set (place where a movie is filmed)
  9. all elements of the content or form of a work that have been distinguished as a result of its analysis and contrasted with the others (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)

Declension

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Declension of plan
singular plural
nominative plan plany
genitive planu planów
dative planowi planom
accusative plan plany
instrumental planem planami
locative planie planach
vocative planie plany

Derived terms

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adjective
nouns
preposition
verbs
verbs
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adjective
adverb
nouns

Descendants

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Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), plan is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 163 times in essays, 11 times in fiction, and 16 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 292 times, making it the 175th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

References

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  1. ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “plan”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego‎[1] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
  2. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “plan I”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish)
  3. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “plan II”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish)
  4. ^ Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “plan”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  5. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “plan”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 372

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French plan, from Latin planus.

Noun

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plan n (plural planuri)

  1. plan
  2. (geometry) plane

Declension

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Declension of plan
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) plan planul (niște) planuri planurile
genitive/dative (unui) plan planului (unor) planuri planurilor
vocative planule planurilor

Adjective

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plan m or n (feminine singular plană, masculine plural plani, feminine and neuter plural plane)

  1. planar, flat

Declension

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Declension of plan
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite plan plană plani plane
definite planul plana planii planele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite plan plane plani plane
definite planului planei planilor planelor

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from German Plan.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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plȃn m (Cyrillic spelling пла̑н)

  1. plan

Declension

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Declension of plan
singular plural
nominative plȃn plȁnovi
genitive plana planova
dative planu planovima
accusative plan planove
vocative plane planovi
locative planu planovima
instrumental planom planovima

Silesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from German Plan.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈplan/
  • Rhymes: -an
  • Syllabification: plan

Noun

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plan m inan

  1. plan (a set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal)

Further reading

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Spanish

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Etymology

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From plano.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈplan/ [ˈplãn]
  • Rhymes: -an
  • Syllabification: plan

Noun

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plan m (plural planes)

  1. plan
  2. scheme (systematic plan of future action)
    Synonyms: régimen, sistema
  3. intention
  4. (colloquial) mood
    Vamos en plan rómantico.
    We’re going in a romantic mood.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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plan (comparative planare, superlative planast)

  1. plane (flat)
    en plan yta
    a flat surface
  2. plane (level)
    Kulan rullar, så golvet är inte helt plant
    The marble rolls, so the floor isn't completely level

Declension

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Inflection of plan
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular plan planare planast
Neuter singular plant planare planast
Plural plana planare planast
Masculine plural3 plane planare planast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 plane planare planaste
All plana planare planaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

Noun

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plan n

  1. (mathematics) a plane; flat surface.
  2. an airplane / aeroplane
    Synonym: flygplan
  3. a plane; level of existence
    astralplan ― astral plane

Declension

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Declension of plan
nominative genitive
singular indefinite plan plans
definite planet planets
plural indefinite plan plans
definite planen planens

Derived terms

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airplane
flat surface, level

Noun

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plan c

  1. a plan (planned actions)
    Jag har en plan
    I have a plan
  2. a delimited, relatively level and flat area (like a delimited plane) (often used for sports, but also more general); a field, a rink, a yard, etc.
    Fotbollsspelarna sprang ut på planen
    The soccer players ran out onto the field
    ishockeyplan
    ice hockey rink (also called a rink)
    gårdsplan
    courtyard
  3. a plan (drawing outlining a building, apartment, or the like, often more or less map-like)

Declension

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Declension of plan
nominative genitive
singular indefinite plan plans
definite planen planens
plural indefinite planer planers
definite planerna planernas

Derived terms

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course of action
flat area, field of play

References

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Turkish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Ottoman Turkish پلان (plân), from French plan.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /p(i)ˈlɑn/, [p(i).ˈlɑn̪]

Noun

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plan (definite accusative planı, plural planlar)

  1. plan
    plan yapmak ― to plan, to make a plan

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative plan
Definite accusative planı
Singular Plural
Nominative plan planlar
Definite accusative planı planları
Dative plana planlara
Locative planda planlarda
Ablative plandan planlardan
Genitive planın planların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular planım planlarım
2nd singular planın planların
3rd singular planı planları
1st plural planımız planlarımız
2nd plural planınız planlarınız
3rd plural planları planları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular planımı planlarımı
2nd singular planını planlarını
3rd singular planını planlarını
1st plural planımızı planlarımızı
2nd plural planınızı planlarınızı
3rd plural planlarını planlarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular planıma planlarıma
2nd singular planına planlarına
3rd singular planına planlarına
1st plural planımıza planlarımıza
2nd plural planınıza planlarınıza
3rd plural planlarına planlarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular planımda planlarımda
2nd singular planında planlarında
3rd singular planında planlarında
1st plural planımızda planlarımızda
2nd plural planınızda planlarınızda
3rd plural planlarında planlarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular planımdan planlarımdan
2nd singular planından planlarından
3rd singular planından planlarından
1st plural planımızdan planlarımızdan
2nd plural planınızdan planlarınızdan
3rd plural planlarından planlarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular planımın planlarımın
2nd singular planının planlarının
3rd singular planının planlarının
1st plural planımızın planlarımızın
2nd plural planınızın planlarınızın
3rd plural planlarının planlarının

Derived terms

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References

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  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “plan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

Volapük

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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plan (nominative plural plans)

  1. plant (botany)

Declension

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declension of plan
singular plural
nominative plan plans
genitive plana planas
dative plane planes
accusative plani planis
vocative 1 o plan! o plans!
predicative 2 planu planus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

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See also

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