Translingual

edit

Symbol

edit

se

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Northern Sami.

See also

edit

English

edit

Etymology

edit

From Mandarin ().

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /sɛ/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes:

Noun

edit

se (plural ses)

  1. (music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.

Translations

edit

Anagrams

edit

Abinomn

edit

Noun

edit

se

  1. cloud

Afrikaans

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • s'n (used without a following noun)
  • syn (obsolete)

Etymology

edit

From Dutch zijn, z'n (his, its). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.

Pronunciation

edit

Particle

edit

se

  1. follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
    Hierdie is my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.

See also

edit

Albanian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-, *kʷ(e)i- (how, what). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation

edit

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. that, as, when
    Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.
    Vëllai im më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.
edit

Bavarian

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • 's (unstressed form)

Etymology

edit

Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. she, her (accusative)
  2. they, them

Synonyms

edit

See also

edit

Bonan

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Mongolic *usun.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

se

  1. water

References

edit
  • Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
  • Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Breton

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. that, this
    Petra eo se? — What's that?

Catalan

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin .

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

  1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
  2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
  3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
  4. each other (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

edit
  • -se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
  • The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

Declension

edit

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Numeral

edit

se

  1. one (number).

Central Nahuatl

edit

Numeral

edit

se

  1. one.

Cimbrian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle High German si(e) (they), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (Luserna) they

Inflection

edit
Personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person i biar
2nd person du iar
3rd person er, si, 'z se

References

edit

Coatepec Nahuatl

edit

Numeral

edit

se

  1. one.

Czech

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Czech , from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

Pronoun

edit

se (reflexive)

  1. clitic accusative of sebe:
    oneself
    myself
    yourself
    himself
    herself
    itself
    ourselves
    yourselves
    themselves
    Synonym: (stressed) sebe
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Preposition

edit

se (also s)

  1. with

Further reading

edit
  • se”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • se”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • se”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Dalmatian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin .

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself

Danish

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (to see, notice).

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense , perfect tense har set)

  1. to see
  2. (reciprocal passive) to see each other

Conjugation

edit

reciprocal

Dimasa

edit

Numeral

edit

  1. one

Esperanto

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin .

Pronunciation

edit

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

se (plural sewo)

  1. law

Fala

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin .

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent; one
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
      Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
      We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned [by someone].
  2. Reflexive and reciprocal pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
      Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
      They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

Usage notes

edit
  • Takes the form -si when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

See also

edit

References

edit
  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

Declension

edit
Declension of se
n4 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative se seið se seini
accusative se seið se seini
dative se, sei senum seum seunum
genitive ses sesins sea seanna

Fijian

edit

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. whether, or.

Noun

edit

se

  1. flower
  2. gills

Finnish

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.

The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.

The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈs̠e̞]
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Syllabification(key): se

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally; compare tuo, see usage notes)
    Älä koske siihen!
    Don't touch that! (something located close to the speaker)
    Sitäkö sinä sillä tarkoitit?
    That's what you meant by that?
  2. (demonstrative) it
    Onko se hän, joka on ovella?
    Is it her who's at the door?
    Ota kortti ja pane se pöydälle kuvapuoli alaspäin.
    Take a card and put it on the table face down.
    Kukas se sieltä tulee?
    Who's it coming over there?
  3. the one (who, what, which) (always with a relative clause)
    Se, jolla on eniten pisteitä, on voittaja.
    The one who has the most points is the winner.
    Joka kuritta kasvaa, se kunniatta kuolee.
    [The one] who grows up without discipline dies without honor.
  4. (colloquial or dialectal) he, she, one, (singular) they (the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)
    Se vaan lähti.
    He just left.

Determiner

edit

se

  1. that (not pointed at by the speaker; compare tuo, see usage notes)
    Sen auton pakoputki on rikki.
    That car has a broken exhaust.
    Onko sinulla vielä sitä jäätelöä?
    Do you still have some of that ice cream?
  2. (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)
Usage notes
edit
  • Both tuo and se can be translated as "that"; see tuo for more information on the difference between the two.
  • In colloquial and dialectal Finnish, se is the usual and neutral personal pronoun in the third person singular, and its standard Finnish counterpart hän is restricted to certain particular uses. Using se of a person carries no negative connotation.
  • Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite, this colloquial usage is ungrammatical. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
    (standard)
    Mies tuli luokseni.The man came to me.
    Luokseni tuli mies.A man came to me.
    (colloquial)
    Se mies tuli mun luokse.The man came to me.
    Yks mies tuli mun luokse.A man came to me.
Inflection
edit

Irregular (singular stems: se-, si-, sii-, plural stems: ne-, nii-).

Synonyms
edit
  • (he or she): hän
  • see (rare, dialectal (Southwestern Finnish))
Derived terms
edit
Descendants
edit
  • Kven: se
See also
edit

Further reading

edit
  • Tämä, tuo vai se?. Kielikello (4/2001). An article analyzing the usage and differences between the Finnish demonstrative pronouns tämä, tuo and se. (in Finnish)
  • se”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Etymology 2

edit

Akin to tseh.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈse(ˣ)/, [ˈs̠e̞(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Syllabification(key): se

Interjection

edit

se (dialectal)

  1. here you go; an encouragement to take something, usually something that is being handed over.
  2. an encouragement to an animal to eat (food)
Usage notes
edit

Despite being an interjection, some verb-like forms can also be found (sehkää).

Alternative forms
edit

Anagrams

edit

Franco-Provençal

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin .

Conjunction

edit

se (prevocalic s') (ORB, broad)

  1. if

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  • si [1] in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
  • se in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin . See also soi.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
    1. (to) himself
    2. (to) herself
    3. (to) oneself
    4. (to) itself
    5. (to) themselves
    6. (to) each other
  2. (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
    Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien.I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.

Usage notes

edit
  • Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
  • Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
    Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.

Derived terms

edit
edit

See also

edit
  • The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m’, te, t’, nous, vous.
  • The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.

Further reading

edit

Anagrams

edit

Galician

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin .

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if

Etymology 2

edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. accusative/dative of si
  2. The third-person reflexive pronoun.
    1. (to) himself
    2. (to) herself
    3. (to) oneself
    4. (to) itself
    5. (to) themselves
    6. (to) each other

References

edit

Garo

edit

Etymology

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

edit

se

  1. husband

German Low German

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Low German , variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /zeː/, /seː/, /zɛɪ/, /sɛɪ/

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. she
    Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. they
    Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.
    • 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
      Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
      5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an.   6 zu ihnen kamen.

See also

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Gbe *se (to hear). Cognates include Fon (to understand, hear, feel), Saxwe Gbe (to hear), Adja (to understand, hear, feel, respond), Ewe se (to hear)

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

  1. to hear, to listen
  2. to understand

Derived terms

edit

Haitian Creole

edit

Etymology

edit

From French c’est (it is).

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

se

  1. to be
  2. that is (compare French c'est)
  3. it is (compare French c'est)

Usage notes

edit

References

edit

Hungarian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Conjunction

edit

se (clitic)

  1. Alternative form of sem.

Derived terms

edit

See also

edit

Further reading

edit
  • (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
  • ([folksy, informal] alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Esperanto se.

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if
    La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
    Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.

Etymology 2

edit

From s +‎ -e.

Noun

edit

se (plural se-i)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also
edit

Ingrian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. this, that (not bound to a specific location)
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
      Linnuille höö siihe kagraa siputtiit.
      They sprinkled oats onto it for the birds.
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
      Inmihiset panniit merkille i sen, etti kaik predmetat päivääl, päivytpaiston aikanna, viskajaat kupahaiset.
      People noticed this as well, that all objects during the day, being a sunny time, cast shadows.
  2. (dialectal) that (distal)
    • 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii”, in Inkeri[4], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
      Tämä on Logoven kylä, a se ono Reppoilan kylä.
      This is the village Logovi, and that is the village Reppoila.

Determiner

edit

se

  1. this, that (not bound to a specific location)
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:
      Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.
      A small income was received from this field.
  2. (dialectal) that (distal)

Usage notes

edit
  • Se and neet are anaphoric: That is to say they refer to something previously mentioned (or soon afterwards mentioned) in the conversation. In contrast, too and noo are deictic, and thus refer to physical entities.
  • Although Junus (1936; p. 99) describes sen as the accusative and senen as the genitive, in practice, sen is often used as a short form of the genitive as well.
  • In the Soikkola dialect, the functions of too (that) have merged into se.

Declension

edit
Declension of se
singular plural
nominative se neet
genitive senen niijen
accusative sen neet
partitive sitä niitä
illative siihe niihe
inessive siin niis
elative siint, siitä niist
allative sille niille
adessive sil niil
ablative silt niilt
translative siks niiks
essive senennä niinnä

Derived terms

edit

See also

edit
Ingrian demonstratives
proximal neutral distal
singular tämä (tää) se too
plural nämät (näät) neet noo

References

edit
  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[5], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
  • Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[6], →ISBN, pages 13-14

Interlingua

edit

Pronoun

edit

se (third person)

  1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
    Illa se videva in le speculo.She saw herself in the mirror.
  2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.
    Quando illes se cognosceva?When did they meet (each other)?
  3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
    De mi casa se vide le mar.From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
  4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
    espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Usage notes

edit
  • (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
    infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”
    repentir se — “to repent”

Istriot

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin .

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
      Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
      Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys

Italian

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Latin (if)[1] or from Late Latin se(d), from Latin and quid ("what").[2]

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /se/**
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if
    Se non è vero, è ben trovato.
    If it is not true, it is a good story.
  2. whether
  3. if only
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Latin .

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /se/°
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of si
Usage notes
edit
  • Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also
edit

Etymology 3

edit

From Latin sīc.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /se/*
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Adverb

edit

se

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of così

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if
    se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezioneeven if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)
Usage notes
edit
  • Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.

References

edit
  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
  2. ^ se2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Further reading

edit

Jamaican Creole

edit

Etymology

edit

Derived from English say.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

se

  1. to say, to tell
    • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 3:7:
      Bot wen im si uol iip a piipl fram di Farisii an Sadyusii gruup a kom fi im baptaiz dem, im se tu dem se, “Unu siniek pikni unu! A uu waan unu fi ron we fram di jojment we a kom?
      But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, "You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (relative) that (which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition)
    • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 2:22:
      Bot wen im ier se a Erad pikni, Arkelos, tek uova an did a ruul Judiya, im kech im fried an neehn waahn go de-so. An kaa Gad did waan im aaf iina wan jriim, im lef go Gyalalii insted.
      But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee.
      (literally, “But when he heard that Herod's child Archelaus took over and was ruling Judea  [])”)

Further reading

edit
  • se at majstro.com

Japanese

edit

Romanization

edit

se

  1. The hiragana syllable (se) or the katakana syllable (se) in Hepburn romanization.

Kalasha

edit

Etymology

edit

From Sanskrit (sa), सा (), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. he/she/it (absent from speaker) (3rd-person personal pronoun)

Coordinate terms

edit

See also

edit

Karelian

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈsʲe/
  • Hyphenation: se

Determiner

edit

se

  1. (South Karelian) Alternative form of še

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (South Karelian) Alternative form of še

References

edit
  • A. V. Punzhina (1994) “se”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры), →ISBN

Kven

edit

Etymology

edit

From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.

Pronunciation

edit

Determiner

edit

se

  1. this, that

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. this, that
  2. he, she, it

Declension

edit

Synonyms

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  • Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278

Ladin

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin .

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
  2. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

Lashi

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

se

  1. to know
  2. to be able to

References

edit
  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[7], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latin

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

(accusative and ablative, no nominative)

  1. (reflexive pronoun) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
    Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest.A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.
    Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē?How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)
    In mare praecipitāvit.He drowned himself in the ocean.
  2. (reflexive pronoun) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun

Usage notes

edit
  • sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.

Declension

edit

Derived terms

edit

Descendants

edit

Ligurian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Late Latin se(d), from Latin (if) + quid (what).

Pronunciation

edit

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if

Livonian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. that
  2. he

Declension

edit

Lower Sorbian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
  2. each other, one another
  3. used to form passives

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Luxembourgish

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. unstressed form of si

Declension

edit

See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.

Malay

edit
Malay cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : se

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.

Pronunciation

edit

Numeral

edit

se (Jawi spelling س)

  1. one

Synonyms

edit

Derived terms

edit

Maltese

edit
Root
s-j-r (going)
2 terms

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.

Pronunciation

edit

Particle

edit

se

  1. Indicates a future tense.

Mandarin

edit

Romanization

edit

se

  1. Nonstandard spelling of .

Usage notes

edit
  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. accusative of si (they)

Middle English

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (so). More at so.

Adverb

edit

se

  1. so

Etymology 2

edit

Noun

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of see (sea)

Etymology 3

edit

Noun

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of see (see)

Etymology 4

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of sche

Middle French

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old French se, from Latin .

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
    1. himself
    2. herself
    3. oneself
    4. itself
    5. themselves
    6. each other
  2. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
    1. to himself
    2. to herself
    3. to oneself
    4. to itself
    5. to themselves
    6. to each other
      ils se donnerent bataillethey gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)

Usage notes

edit
  • Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
  • Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.

Descendants

edit
  • French: se

Middle Low German

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

  1. (third person singular female nominative) she
  2. her (accusative of )
  3. (third person plural nominative) they
  4. them (accusative of )

Declension

edit

See Template:gml-perpron for declension.

Descendants

edit
  • Dutch Low Saxon: zee
  • German Low German: se
  • Plautdietsch: see

Mpade

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Central Chadic *sa, from Proto-Chadic *sa. Cognate with Matal sa (to drink).

Verb

edit

se

  1. to drink

References

edit

Neapolitan

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin .

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

References

edit
  • AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 80: “si chiama” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Nheengatu

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.

Pronunciation

edit
  This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.
  • Hyphenation: se
  • Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)
    Se akanhemu aikú nhaãsé se kirá aikú.
    I am scared because I am fat.
    Aé uputari upitá se irũmu.
    He wants to stay with me.
    Se manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.
    My mother enters the new house.

Usage notes

edit
  • As a second-class pronoun, se is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun se is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, se is used as a possessive pronoun as well.

See also

edit
Nheengatu personal pronouns
singular first-class pronoun second-class pronoun
first-person ixé se
second-person indé ne
third-person i
plural first-class pronoun second-class pronoun
first-person yandé yané
second-person penhẽ pe
third-person aintá (or ) aintá (or )

References

edit

North Frisian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

se

  1. (Sylt) to see

Conjugation

edit

Northern Kurdish

edit

Etymology

edit

An early loan from Middle Persian [script needed] (sg /⁠sag⁠/), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Akin to native sipe.

Noun

edit
Central Kurdish سەگ (seg)

se m

  1. dog

Synonyms

edit

Norwegian Bokmål

edit

Etymology

edit

From Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past , past participle sett, present participle seende)

  1. to see (perceive with the eyes).

Derived terms

edit

References

edit

Old English

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

edit

Article

edit

  1. the
    mōnathe moon
    sēo sunnethe sun
    þæt seofonstierrethe Pleiades
    þā steorranthe stars

Determiner

edit

  1. that
    Sele mē þone hamor.
    Give me that hammer.

Pronoun

edit

  1. that
    Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.
    He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
  2. the one / that one
    Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.
    She's not the one you need to convince.
    Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?
    Are you reading this book right now or that one?
    Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?
    Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?
  3. (relative) that, who, what, which
    • late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
      Đa was on þā tīd Æðelbyrht cyning hāten on Centrīċe, ⁊ mihtiġ: hē hæfde rīċe ōð ġemæro Humbre strēames, tōsċēadeð sūðfolce Angelþēode ⁊ nordfolc.
      At that time the powerful Athelbert was king of the kingdom of Kent; his authority extended to the boundary of the Humber, which divides the southern English from the northern English.
    Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.
    Not everything that glitters is gold.

Usage notes

edit
  • The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" ( previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
    • Names of peoples, such as Engle (the Angles), Seaxan (the Saxons), and Crēcas (the Greeks). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
    • All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
    • A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely (the sea), wudu (the woods), and eorþe (the ground). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
    • "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ eom æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
    • A couple of abstract concepts, namely sōþ (the truth) and ǣ (the law). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
    • Dryhten (“the Lord”).
    • morgen (the morning) and ǣfen (the evening). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
    • The four seasons, lencten (spring), sumor (summer), hærfest (fall), and winter (winter). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
    • forþġewitennes (the past), andweardnes (the present), and tōweardnes (the future). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
    • forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
    • þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
    • Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”

Declension

edit

Quotations

edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

Descendants

edit

Old French

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Latin .

Alternative forms

edit

Pronoun

edit

se m or f (invariable)

  1. himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  2. herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  3. itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  4. oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  5. themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants
edit
  • French: se

Etymology 2

edit

From Latin si.

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if
  2. then (afterwards; following)
Descendants
edit
  • French: si

Old Frisian

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. she
  2. they

Old Irish

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Determiner

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels

Old Polish

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Preposition

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of z

Old Saxon

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

edit

Article

edit

 m (demonstrative)

  1. definite article: the
    mānothe moon
  2. demonstrative adjective: that, those
    Hē gaf thē gift.He gave that gift.

Declension

edit

Old Swedish

edit

Verb

edit

se

  1. first-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
  2. second-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
  3. third-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
  4. third-person plural singular present active subjunctive of vara

Ometepec Nahuatl

edit

Adjective

edit

se

  1. one.

Pennsylvania German

edit

Etymology

edit

Compare German sie.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. she, her

Declension

edit

Phalura

edit

Etymology 1

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit

Determiner

edit

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. the
  2. that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)

References

edit
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 2

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit

Determiner

edit

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. the
  2. those (agr: rem)

References

edit
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 3

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. it
  2. she (rem fem nom)

References

edit
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 4

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. they (rem nom)

References

edit
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “se”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[11], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Pilagá

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. I
    se-takeI want

References

edit
  • 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

Pipil

edit
Pipil cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal :
    Ordinal : achtu
    Adverbial : seujti
    Distributive : sejsē ika

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (one). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (one), Shoshone seme' (one), Cahuilla súplli (one), and O'odham hema (one).

Pronunciation

edit

Numeral

edit

  1. one
    Nikneki semaya se
    I want only one

Article

edit

  1. a, indefinite article
    Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
    We saw an owl in the trees

Pronoun

edit

  1. someone, something, indefinite pronoun
    Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
    Someone came who said she/he knows you
    Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
    One of you has to go to buy the food
    Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
    My mom gave me something for you all

Polish

edit

Etymology

edit

Contraction of sobie.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (colloquial, sometimes proscribed) (dative, weak form) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
    Synonym: sobie
    Daj se z tym spokój.
    Give it a break.

Further reading

edit
  • se in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

edit

Pronunciation

edit
 

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin .

Pronoun

edit

se m or f by sense

  1. third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themselves
    Ela se viu no espelho.
    She saw herself in the mirror.
  2. (nonstandard, colloquial, Brazil, highly proscribed) first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself
    Synonym: (standard) me
    Eu se apresentei no teatro.
    I performed myself at the theater.
  3. third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
    Quando eles se conheceram?
    When did they meet (each other)?
  4. (colloquial, nonstandard, Brazil) first-person plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
    Synonym: (standard) nos
    Nós se beijámos.
    We kissed (each other).
  5. second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
    E você se diz um professor!
    And you call yourself a teacher!
  6. impersonal pronominal verb; oneself
    Vive-se bem em Belém.
    One lives well in Belém.
    (literally, “Lives oneself well in Belém”)
  7. accessory, when it is used to embellish the verb without its omission impairing the understanding.
    "Vão-se os reis, mas as nações ficam."
    Kings go, but nations remain.
  8. particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.
    Ele morreu-se.
    He died.
Usage notes
edit
  • When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
  • (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
    comunicar-se (com)to communicate (with)
    arrepender-seto repent
  • Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
    O professor acalmou os alunos.
    The teacher calmed the students down.
    O professor acalmou-se.
    The teacher calmed down.
Quotations
edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

See also
edit

See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.

Etymology 2

edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin (if).

Alternative forms

edit

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if (introduces a condition)
    Synonym: caso
    Antonyms: caso contrário, senão
    Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
    If you go out, take an umbrella.
    Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
    We will only begin if they pay us.
    • 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular:
      Se enfim, você um dia resolver mudar, tirar meu pobre coração do altar, me devolver como se deve ser.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
      Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
      I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!
Quotations
edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

Etymology 3

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (Brazil, Internet slang) Misspelling of ; "you"
    Synonym: c
    se sabe oq aconteceu??
    do u know what happened?

Romagnol

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • s' (Apocopic)

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if

Romanian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin .

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
edit

Romansch

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
  • (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
  • (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

edit

se

  1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

Rwanda-Rundi

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Bantu *cé.

Noun

edit

 class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)

  1. his/her father
  2. his/her paternal uncle

Samoan

edit

Article

edit

se

  1. a (singular indefinite article)

See also

edit

Serbo-Croatian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

Pronoun

edit

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
    1. myself
    2. ourselves
    3. thyself (archaic)
    4. yourself, yourselves
    5. himself, herself, itself
    6. themselves
  2. (by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself
    Kako se zoveš?What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)
    Kako se to kaže na španjolskom?How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)
    Ovdje se govori španjolskiSpanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
    Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti.World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)
Declension
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Proto-Slavic *sь.

Particle

edit

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. (obsolete) this is; here is
    • 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
      се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
      Here lies Viganj Milošević

Sicilian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin sīc. In the “yes” sense, from sīc (est). Doublet of .

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈsɛ/ (stressed)
  • IPA(key): /si/ (unstressed)
  • Hyphenation:

Adverb

edit

se

  1. yes
    Antonyms: no, noni, nonzi, ntz

Derived terms

edit
edit

Slovene

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
  2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves
  3. Dummy pronoun to make a verb intransitive, reflexive, or for reflexive voice.

Inflection

edit
Second masculine/first feminine/second neuter declension (a-stem), fixed accent, highly irregular
Stressed ("naglasne") forms
nominative
imenovȃlnik
genitive
rodȋlnik
sébe sébe sébe
dative
dajȃlnik
sébi sébi sébi
accusative
tožȋlnik
sébe sébe sébe
locative
mẹ̑stnik
sébi sébi sébi
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
sȃbo, sebọ́j sȃbo, sebọ́j sȃbo, sebọ́j
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
Unstressed ("naslonske") forms
singular dual plural
genitive
rodȋlnik
se se se
dative
dajȃlnik
si si si
accusative
tožȋlnik
se se se
Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms
singular dual plural
unstressed -se -se -se
stressed sẹ̑ sẹ̑ sẹ̑

See also

edit

Further reading

edit
  • se”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • se”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Spanish

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Latin .

Pronoun

edit

se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes)

  1. third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
    Juan se lava.Juan washes himself.
    Juan se lava la cara.Juan washes his own face. (literally, “Juan, to himself, washes the face.”)
    Juan y María se aman.Juan and María love each other.
  2. used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes
    ¿Cómo se llama?What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
    Se dice que...It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)
    Aquí se habla españolSpanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here, Spanish speaks itself here.”)
Usage notes
edit
  • (third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.

Etymology 2

edit

From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).

Alternative forms

edit

Pronoun

edit

se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes)

  1. used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las
    El samaritano se las dio.The Samaritan gave them to him.

See also

edit

See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.

Etymology 3

edit

Verb

edit

se (main verb saber)

  1. Misspelling of .

Further reading

edit

Sranan Tongo

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Dutch zee.

Noun

edit

se

  1. sea

Swedish

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old Swedish sēa, , sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)

  1. to see (not be blind)
    Han sa att han var blind, men han kan se
    He said he was blind, but he can see
  2. to look
    Synonyms: titta, kolla, stirra, glo
    Han såg på igelkotten
    He looked at the hedgehog
    • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie[12]:
      Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
      Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!
    • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult[13]:
      Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
      What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
  3. to see; to understand
    Synonyms: förstå, fatta, begripa
    Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt.I don't see how that could be possible.
  4. to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of

Usage notes

edit

"Jag ser" for "I see" as in "I understand" does not work in (sense 3). See the synonyms instead.

Conjugation

edit

Hypernyms

edit

Derived terms

edit
edit

See also

edit

References

edit

Anagrams

edit

Tagalog

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

See ce.

Noun

edit

se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)

  1. Alternative form of ce

Etymology 2

edit

See che.

Noun

edit

se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ) (historical)

  1. Alternative form of che

Anagrams

edit

Talysh

edit

Etymology

edit

Cognate with Persian سه (seh).

Numeral

edit

se

  1. three

Tarantino

edit

Pronoun

edit

se (impersonal, reflexive)

  1. it
  2. one

Ternate

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Preposition

edit

se (Jawi سي)

  1. human oblique preposition
    1. to
    2. at, in
    3. on
    4. from
Usage notes
edit

Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.

Alternative forms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Preposition

edit

se (Jawi سي)

  1. associative preposition: with
    ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoruI go to the market with my younger sibling
  2. instrumental preposition: with, by, using
    tabu se usiperafire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)
Usage notes
edit

Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.

Alternative forms
edit

Etymology 3

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Conjunction

edit

se (Jawi سي)

  1. and
    tohida riyaya se ribabaI see my mother and my father
  2. forms compound numbers
    bobato nyagimoi se tofkangethe (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)

References

edit
  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tocharian A

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).

Noun

edit

se m

  1. son

See also

edit

Tocharian B

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of kᵤse (who, which) (colloquial)

Turkish

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Noun

edit

se

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

Etymology 2

edit

Noun

edit

se

  1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ث

Tuvaluan

edit

Article

edit

se (indefinite article)

  1. a, an

Veps

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. it

Inflection

edit

See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

Determiner

edit

se

  1. that (far)

Inflection

edit

See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ[14], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Vietnamese

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

se

  1. to be almost dry
  2. to be wrung with pain

References

edit
  • se”, in Soha Tra Từ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Vietnam Communications Corporation. Available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license.

Volapük

edit

Preposition

edit

se

  1. out of

Votic

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of see

Welsh

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

se (not mutable)

  1. Contraction of basai.

West Frisian

edit

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of sy (she)

Pronoun

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of sy (they)

Wutunhua

edit

Pronunciation

edit
Wutunhua numbers (edit)
40
 ←  3 4 5  → 
    Cardinal: se
    Ordinal: di-se, xxewa

Etymology 1

edit

From Mandarin ().

Numeral

edit

se

  1. four

Etymology 2

edit

From Mandarin ().

Verb

edit

se

  1. to die
    rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li.
    As for this thing called ro-langs [type of Tibetan zombie], it is said that if a person among us dies, there will appear a ro-langs instead.
    (Quoted in Janhunen et al., p. 114)

References

edit
  • Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[15], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yoruba

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *sì, compare with Igala , Igbo si

Alternative forms

edit
  • (Ìkálẹ̀)

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

  1. (transitive) to cook
    Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá.He cooked okra soup.
  2. (transitive) to boil
    Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín .I don't know how to boil eggs.
Usage notes
edit
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

  1. (transitive) to block; to shut
    Wọ́n fèrèsé náà.They blocked that window.
  2. (transitive) to miss
    Òkúta tí ó jù ihò.The rock she threw missed the hole.
Derived terms
edit

Zazaki

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Turkish -se (if).

Conjunction

edit

se

  1. if
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Proto-Iranian *číš (what), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (who, what, which, that).

Adverb

edit

se

  1. what
  2. how

Etymology 3

edit

Numeral

edit

se

  1. Alternative form of sed