ya-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ya"

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

Northern Ohlone

Etymology

Compare Southern Ohlone haysa.

Pronoun

ya-

1. they(third-person, plural, subject proclitic pronoun)

Pronoun

ya-

1. their (third-person, plural, possessive pronoun)

See also

Northern Ohlone personal pronouns

Number	Person	Subject			Object			Possesive
		Disjunctive1	Proclitic	Enclitic	Disjunctive1	Proclitic	Enclitic
Singular	First	kaana	ek-	-ek, -k	kiš, kaaniš	kiš-	-kiš	ek-, kaanak
	Second	meene	em-, im-	-em, -im, -m	miš	emiš-, imiš-, miš-	-miš	em-, meenem
	Third	waaka	Ø-2	-Ø2	wiš	Ø-2, eš-	-Ø2, -eš	i-, waakai-
Plural	First	makkin	mak-	-mak	makkiš, makkinše	—	—	mak-, makkinmak
	Second	makkam	kam-	-kam	makkamše	—	—	kam-, makkam
	Third	waakamak	ya-	-ya	yaṭiš	—	—	ya-, waakamak
1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek). 2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used. Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle +‎ -eš +‎ -ek

References

• María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎^[1], Unpublished

Southern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

Swahili

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

ya-

1. it, they; ma class_(VI) subject concord
2. verb-initial form of -ya- (“them, ma class_(VI) object concord”)

See also

Swahili verbal concords (third person)

Class	Subject concord		Object concord	Relative
	affirmative	negative
m(I)	a-, yu-	ha-, hayu-	-m-, -mw-, -mu-	-ye
wa(II)	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	-o
m(III)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
mi(IV)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
ji(V)	li-	hali-	-li-	-lo
ma(VI)	ya-	haya-	-ya-	-yo
ki(VII)	ki-	haki-	-ki-	-cho
vi(VIII)	vi-	havi-	-vi-	-vyo
n(IX)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
n(X)	zi-	hazi-	-zi-	-zo
u(XI)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
ku(XV/XVII)	ku-	haku-	-ku-	-ko
pa(XVI)	pa-	hapa-	-pa-	-po
mu(XVIII)	m-, mw-, mu-	ham-, hamw-, hamu-	-mu-	-mo
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Etymology 2

Prefix

ya-

1. Contraction of i- + -a- (“mi class_(IV) and n class_(IX) gnomic”).
2. Contraction of ya- + -a- (“ma class_(VI) gnomic”).

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

Xhosa

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ya-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ya-”