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Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore growth triangle

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The Sijori was established in 1994 between three countries, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, to strengthen economic links in the region and optimise the complementarity between the three countries. It started off as the SIJORI Growth Triangle in 1989, which includes Singapore, Johor (in Malaysia), and a part of Riau Islands Province (in Indonesia), specifically the Riau Archipelago.[1]

History

The SIJORI Growth Triangle is a partnership arrangement between Singapore, Johor (in Malaysia), and Riau Islands (in Indonesia) that combines the competitive strengths of the three areas to make the subregion more attractive to regional and international investors. More specifically, it links the infrastructure, capital, and expertise of Singapore with the natural and labour resources and the abundance of land of Johor and Riau.

The SIJORI Growth Triangle was first publicly announced in 1989 by Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. The 'triangle of growth' was envisioned to be a key component of the Singapore regionalisation scheme of the 1980s and 1990s, relocating labour-intensive industries to neighbouring places such as the Malaysian state of Johor (known as the Iskandar Development Region) and the island of Batam in the nearby Indonesian province of Riau (at the time, before splitting off as a part of Riau Islands province in 2004).

As more Malaysian and Indonesian states joined the grouping, the IMS-GT was formed to formalise the new grouping. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed on 17 December 1994 by the representatives of the participating countries; Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Malaysia' s International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Seri Rafidah Aziz and Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Trade and Industry Hartono.

Even with the low wages on Batam, some companies find themselves struggling with rising costs. Nidec, a Japanese conglomerate, has moved its factory from Batam to Vietnam due to labour costs.[2]

Definition

  1.  Singapore
    1. Singapore
  2.  Malaysia
    1. Johor Bahru District
    2. Kulai District
    3. Pontian District
    4. Kota Tinggi District
    5. Kluang District
  3.  Indonesia
    1. Batam City
    2. Tanjung Pinang City
    3. Bintan Regency
    4. Karimun Regency

Statistics

Batam is a tax free export zone rather than a free port, therefore much industry is limited to international exports. Batam has also become an alternate air transport hub as Java's airports are congested. Some 62,000 Singaporeans visited Batam in January 2012, compared with stronger links to Johor, some 70,000 daily.[3] Indonesia has a long way to make its Riau islands competitive with Johor.

Administrative division Area (km²) Population Density
JOHOR STATE, MALAYSIA
Johor Bahru District 1066 1,638,219 1540/km2
Kulai District 756 251,650 332/km2
SINGAPORE
Singapore[4] 716 5,612,300 7796/km2
RIAU ISLANDS PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Batam City 1010.88 1,236,399 1223/km2
Tanjung Pinang City 144.6 204,735 1415.9/km2
Bintan Regency 1318.2 154,584 117/km2
Karimun Regency 912.75 227,277 249/km2
Entire Land Area 6,891 9,325,164 1353/km2

sources: (Budan Pusat Statistik 2010 Census Indonesia, Statistics Singapore, Statistics Malaysia)

  • Malaysia 2010 Census for Districts.
  • Statistics Indonesia Publikasi Provinsi dan Kabupaten Hasil Sementara SP2010
  • April 2012 Civil Survey for Batam.

For GDP stats, Riau Island's Quarterly GDP output was Rp26.510.648,31 mln (Q1/14, US$2.3 billion or US$9 billion annual)[5] Singapore's Quarterly GDP was 95,959.1 mln (Q1/14, $76.57 billion or US$310 billion annual)[6] and Johor Bharu state was RM24,452 per capita (entire 2012, US$26 billion annual).[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Growth triangle". National Library Board. Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  2. ^ Post, The Jakarta. "Increasing wages driving investors out of Batam Island". The Jakarta Post.
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^ [1]
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