Maclura: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} |
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{{automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Paleogene|Recent}} (Molecular clock) |
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| image = Maclura pomifera2.jpg |
| image = Maclura pomifera2.jpg |
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| image_width = 250px |
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⚫ | | authority = [[Thomas Nuttall|Nutt.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7108 |title=''Maclura'' Nutt. |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=2009-01-16 |accessdate=2009-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115032921/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7108 |archive-date=2009-01-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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| regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |
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| ordo = [[Rosales]] |
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| familia = [[Moraceae]] |
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| tribus = [[Moreae]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = 13; see text |
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| subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331741-2 ''Maclura'' Nutt.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 22 April 2024.</ref> |
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| synonyms = |
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*''Cardiogyne'' {{small|Bureau (1873)}} |
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*''Chlorophora'' {{small|Gaudich. (1830)}} |
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*''Cudrania'' {{small|Trécul (1847), nom. cons.}} |
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*''Cudranus'' {{small|Miq. (1859), orth. var.}} |
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*''Fusticus'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}} |
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*''Ioxylon'' {{small|Raf. (1818)}} |
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*''× Macludrania'' {{small|André (1905)}} |
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*''Plecospermum'' {{small|Trécul (1847)}} |
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*''Sukaminea'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}} |
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*''Toxylon'' {{small|Raf. (1818)}} |
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*''Vanieria'' {{small|Lour. (1790)}} |
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|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo/> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Maclura''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]] in the [[Morus (plant)|mulberry]] family, [[Moraceae]]. It includes the inedible [[Maclura pomifera|Osage |
'''''Maclura''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[Morus (plant)|mulberry]] family, [[Moraceae]]. It includes the inedible [[Maclura pomifera|Osage orange]], which is used as [[mosquito]] [[Insect repellent|repellent]] and grown throughout the [[United States]] as a [[Hedge|hedging plant]].<ref name="Silvics">{{Silvics |first=J D |last=Burton |volume=2 |genus=Maclura |species=pomifera |accessdate=2009-03-03}}</ref> It is dioecious, with male and female flowers borne on separate plants.<ref>{{cite book|isbn= 9789071236648|title= Moraceae - Genera other than Ficus|work=Flora Malesiana|series=1|volume=17|issue=1|date=2006|pages=1–152|first1=Berg|last1=C.C.|last2=Corner|first2=E.J.H.|last3=Jarrett|first3=F.M.}}</ref> |
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''Maclura'' is closely related to the genus ''[[Cudrania tricuspidata|Cudrania]]'', and hybrids between the two genera have been produced. Some botanists recognize a more broadly defined ''Maclura'' that includes species previously included in ''Cudrania'' and other genera of Moraceae.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} The genus likely originated in South America during the [[Paleogene]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gardner|first1=Elliot M.|last2=Sarraf|first2=Paya|last3=Williams|first3=Evelyn W.|last4=Zerega|first4=Nyree J.C.|date=December 2017|title=Phylogeny and biogeography of Maclura (Moraceae) and the origin of an anachronistic fruit|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=117|pages=49–59|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.021|pmid=28698111|doi-access=free|bibcode=2017MolPE.117...49G }}</ref> |
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== Species == |
== Species == |
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13 species are accepted.<ref name = powo/> |
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* ''[[Maclura africana]]'' ([[Africa]]) |
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* ''[[Maclura |
* ''[[Maclura africana]]'' {{small|(Bureau) Corner}} – eastern Africa and Madagascar |
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* ''[[Maclura andamanica]]'' {{small|(King ex Hook.f.) C.C.Berg}} – [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]] to [[Andaman Islands]] |
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* ''[[Maclura |
* ''[[Maclura brasiliensis]]'' {{small|(Mart.) Endl.}} – [[Brazil]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Peru]], and [[Venezuela]] |
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* ''[[Maclura fruticosa]]'' (China) |
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* ''[[Maclura |
* ''[[Maclura fruticosa]]'' {{small|(Roxb.) Corner}} – China and Vietnam |
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* ''[[Maclura |
* ''[[Maclura mollis]]'' {{small|(Fernald) Carvajal}} – Mexico (Oaxaca) |
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* ''[[Maclura |
* ''[[Maclura montana]]'' {{small|Z.P.Lei, G.Y.Li & Z.H.Chen}} – China (Zhejiang) |
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* ''[[Maclura |
* ''[[Maclura orientalis]]'' {{small|G.Y.Li, W.Y.Xie & Z.H.Chen}} – China (Zhejiang) |
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* ''[[Maclura pomifera]]'' {{small|(Raf.) C.K.Schneid.}} <small>([[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]) [[Camillo Karl Schneider|C.K.Schneid.]]</small> – Osage-orange; [[United States]] |
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* ''[[Maclura pubescens]]'' {{small|(Trécul) Z.K.Zhou & M.G.Gilbert}} (Syn.: ''M. cochichinensis var. pubescens'') – China |
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* ''[[Maclura spinosa]]'' {{small|(Willd.) C.C.Berg}} – India to Sri Lanka |
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* ''[[Maclura tinctoria]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[David Don|D.Don]] ex [[Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel|Steud.]]</small> – Mexico to northern Argentina |
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* ''[[Maclura tricuspidata]]'' {{small|Carrière}} (Syn.: ''Cudrania tricuspidata'', ''Cudrania triloba'') – China, Vietnam, and [[Korea]] |
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===Formerly placed here=== |
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* ''[[Milicia excelsa]]'' (as ''Maclura excelsa'') |
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* ''[[Milicia regia]]'' (as ''Maclura regia'') |
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* ''[[Broussonetia greveana]]'' (as ''Maclura greveana and Maclura humbertii'') |
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==Etymology== |
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The genus is named in honor of [[William Maclure]] (1763-1840), a Scottish-born American geologist and educational reformer. President of the American Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 22 years. Maclure made major contributions to his field, including the first true [[geological map]] of any part of North America, and was a strong advocate of [[universal education]], especially for women. |
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==Fossil record== |
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[[Fossil]]s similar to ''Maclura'' have been reported from the Middle [[Eocene]] of [[England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/292995365_fig2_Fig-2-Broussonetia-Maclura-clade-and-its-probable-ancestral-area-Fragment-of-the|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081023/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/292995365_fig2_Fig-2-Broussonetia-Maclura-clade-and-its-probable-ancestral-area-Fragment-of-the|archive-date=11 Feb 2017|access-date=2023-09-26|title=Broussonetia – Maclura clade, and its probable ancestral area… – Figure 2}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commons category-inline|Maclura|''Maclura''}} |
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{{Wikispecies-inline}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q137091}} |
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{{Moraceae genera}} |
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[[Category:Maclura| ]] |
[[Category:Maclura| ]] |
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[[Category:Moraceae genera]] |
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[[Category:Dioecious plants]] |
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[[fr:Maclura]] |
Latest revision as of 01:16, 30 July 2024
Maclura Temporal range:
(Molecular clock) | |
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M. pomifera foliage and fruit | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Moraceae |
Tribe: | Maclureae |
Genus: | Maclura Nutt.[1] |
Species[2] | |
13; see text | |
Synonyms[2] | |
|
Maclura is a genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family, Moraceae. It includes the inedible Osage orange, which is used as mosquito repellent and grown throughout the United States as a hedging plant.[3] It is dioecious, with male and female flowers borne on separate plants.[4]
Maclura is closely related to the genus Cudrania, and hybrids between the two genera have been produced. Some botanists recognize a more broadly defined Maclura that includes species previously included in Cudrania and other genera of Moraceae.[citation needed] The genus likely originated in South America during the Paleogene.[5]
Species
[edit]13 species are accepted.[2]
- Maclura africana (Bureau) Corner – eastern Africa and Madagascar
- Maclura andamanica (King ex Hook.f.) C.C.Berg – Vietnam, Laos to Andaman Islands
- Maclura brasiliensis (Mart.) Endl. – Brazil, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela
- Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner (Syn.: Cudrania cochinchinensis, Cudrania javanensis, Vanieria cochinchinensis) – China, Vietnam, Malesia, and northern Australia
- Maclura fruticosa (Roxb.) Corner – China and Vietnam
- Maclura mollis (Fernald) Carvajal – Mexico (Oaxaca)
- Maclura montana Z.P.Lei, G.Y.Li & Z.H.Chen – China (Zhejiang)
- Maclura orientalis G.Y.Li, W.Y.Xie & Z.H.Chen – China (Zhejiang)
- Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. – Osage-orange; United States
- Maclura pubescens (Trécul) Z.K.Zhou & M.G.Gilbert (Syn.: M. cochichinensis var. pubescens) – China
- Maclura spinosa (Willd.) C.C.Berg – India to Sri Lanka
- Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex Steud. – Mexico to northern Argentina
- Maclura tricuspidata Carrière (Syn.: Cudrania tricuspidata, Cudrania triloba) – China, Vietnam, and Korea
Formerly placed here
[edit]- Milicia excelsa (as Maclura excelsa)
- Milicia regia (as Maclura regia)
- Broussonetia greveana (as Maclura greveana and Maclura humbertii)
Etymology
[edit]The genus is named in honor of William Maclure (1763-1840), a Scottish-born American geologist and educational reformer. President of the American Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 22 years. Maclure made major contributions to his field, including the first true geological map of any part of North America, and was a strong advocate of universal education, especially for women.
Fossil record
[edit]Fossils similar to Maclura have been reported from the Middle Eocene of England.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ "Maclura Nutt". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 16 January 2009. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
- ^ a b c Maclura Nutt. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ Burton, J D (1990). "Maclura pomifera". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Hardwoods. Silvics of North America. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 3 March 2009 – via Southern Research Station.
- ^ C.C., Berg; Corner, E.J.H.; Jarrett, F.M. (2006). Moraceae - Genera other than Ficus. 1. Vol. 17. pp. 1–152. ISBN 9789071236648.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ Gardner, Elliot M.; Sarraf, Paya; Williams, Evelyn W.; Zerega, Nyree J.C. (December 2017). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Maclura (Moraceae) and the origin of an anachronistic fruit". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 117: 49–59. Bibcode:2017MolPE.117...49G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.021. PMID 28698111.
- ^ "Broussonetia – Maclura clade, and its probable ancestral area… – Figure 2". Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
External links
[edit]Media related to Maclura at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Maclura at Wikispecies