Jump to content

Lachin corridor

Coordinates: 39°36′31″N 46°32′41″E / 39.60861°N 46.54472°E / 39.60861; 46.54472
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2020–2022 map of the Lachin corridor following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement. The new route currently in use is located to the south of the Goris-Stepanakert highway.
Azerbaijani Checkpoint to the Lachin Corridor at the Hakari Bridge, viewed from Kornidzor, Republic of Armenia. The checkpoint was installed on April 23, 2023 in violation of the Tripartite Ceasefire Agreement that ended the 2020 war.

The Lachin corridor[a] was a mountain road in Azerbaijan that linked Armenia and Karabakh.[1]

Being the only road between these two territories, it was considered a humanitarian corridor or "lifeline" to the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh.[2][3][4][5] The corridor is in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan, but was ostensibly under the control of a Russian peacekeeping force as provided for in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh armistice agreement. The territory of the corridor included the villages of Zabukh, Sus and the city of Lachin itself until 2022. On 26 August 2022, these settlements were transferred to Azerbaijani control. Four days later, a new route to the south was opened for use that bypasses the settlements of Zabukh, Sus and Lachin and instead passes by the villages of Mets Shen/Boyuk Galadarasi and Hin Shen/Kichik Galadarasi.[6]

Azerbaijan conducted a blockade of the Lachin corridor from December 2022 to September 2023, which was criticized by numerous countries, international organizations, and human rights groups,[7][8][9][10][11][12] many of which considered it a violation of the ceasefire agreement that ended the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. On April 23, 2023, Azerbaijani officials set up a checkpoint in the corridor, claiming it was meant to prevent "illegal" transport of military supplies and natural resources,[13][14] however, the republics of Armenia and Artsakh have denied these allegations and the ceasefire agreement does not explicitly limit the use of the Lachin corridor to humanitarian needs.[15] After a renewed offensive in September 2023, Azerbaijani forces took control of the entirety of Nagorno-Karabakh,[16] which was followed by the exodus of almost all of the Armenian inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh into Armenia through the Lachin corridor.[17]

History

[edit]

During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Nagorno-Karabakh and neighbouring Armenia were blockaded in August 1989, with Azerbaijan severing transport and economic links both between Armenia and Azerbaijan and between Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia.[18] In May 1992, forces of the Nagorno-Karbakh Republic captured Lachin and established a land connection with Armenia, ending the blockade.[19][20][21][2] After the end of the war, the status of the Lachin corridor was one of the major issues of the peace negotiations between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Various configurations were proposed for the status of the corridor. In one round of negotiations in 1999, it was proposed that Azerbaijan would accept Armenian control over the corridor in exchange for a land corridor through southern Armenia to connect it to its exclave Nakhchivan.[22] In a statement to the United Nations on 18 September 2005, Foreign Minister of Azerbaijan Elmar Mammadyarov stated that Azerbaijan was in favor of the deployment of a multinational peacekeeping force "at the initial stage" to ensure security along the Lachin corridor for bilateral use.[23]

In the aftermath of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, which ended with a Russian-brokered armistice, the Lachin corridor became the sole connection between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh.[2] The armistice agreement provided:[24]

The Republic of Armenia shall return [...] the Lachin District by December 1, 2020. The Lachin Corridor (5 km wide), which will provide a connection between Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia while not passing through the territory of Shusha, shall remain under the control of the Russian Federation peacemaking forces.

As agreed by the Parties, within the next three years, a plan will be outlined for the construction of a new route via the Lachin Corridor, to provide a connection between Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia, and the Russian peacemaking forces shall be subsequently relocated to protect the route.

The Republic of Azerbaijan shall guarantee the security of persons, vehicles and cargo moving along the Lachin Corridor in both directions.

Following the ceasefire, around 200 Armenians remained in the Lachin corridor, with 30 of them in Sus, 100 to 120 in Lachin, and over 40 in Zabukh (Aghavno).[25] President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev announced that a new corridor would be built in the region, as the Lachin corridor passes through the city of Lachin.[26] On August 26, control of the Lachin District was transferred to Azerbaijan. Artsakh authorities gave the residents of the villages along the corridor 20 days' notice to evacuate.[27][28] While Aliyev promised that long-term Armenian residents of Nagorno-Karabakh would be treated as citizens, he branded the remaining residents as illegal settlers and demanded that they be removed.[29][30]

In March 2021, a journalist for BBC visited the road, reporting that "since the war, Armenians have had no control over who and what uses this road", adding that control is now up to the Russians.[31] Azerbaijan said that it installed video surveillance cameras along the Lachin corridor.[32] Being the only road that connects Nagorno-Karabakh to the Republic of Armenia, it has often been described as a "lifeline" to and for residents of Nagorno-Karabakh.[33][34][2]

Situation after the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (2020)

[edit]
Main article: Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh

In August 2022, Azerbaijan built its part of the road around Lachin, while Armenia had not. On 2 August, the local Armenian authorities reported that the Azerbaijani side had conveyed to them a demand to organize communication with Armenia along a different route, bypassing the existing one.[35] Following the renewed clashes around Lachin, Secretary of the Security Council of Armenia Armen Grigoryan stated that Azerbaijan's demand for the Lachin corridor was unlawful, since the Armenian side has not yet agreed to any plan for the construction of a new road. Azerbaijan accused Armenia of delaying the construction of its part of the road, while the part for which Azerbaijan was responsible had already been built. On 4 August, the Minister of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure of Armenia, Gnel Sanosyan, stated that the construction of an alternative road to Lachin was actively underway and would be completed the spring of 2023.[36] On 5 August, local Armenian authorities told the residents of Lachin, as well as Zabukh and Sus, to leave their homes by 25 August, after which the towns would be handed over to Azerbaijan.[37][38] Some of the Armenian inhabitants burned their houses down.[39] As of 26 August, Azerbaijan regained control of villages in the Lachin corridor, including Lachin, Sus, and Zabukh.[40] Soon after, the alternate route to the south that passes by the villages of Mets Shen/Boyuk Galadarasi and Hin Shen/Kichik Galadarasi opened for use.[6] [41]

On 12 December 2022, citizens of Azerbaijan claiming to be "eco-activists" launched a blockade of the Lachin corridor,[42][43] leaving 1,100 people, including 270 children, unable to return to their homes.[44][45] This was followed by Azerbaijan cutting off the gas supply from Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh (between 13 and 16 December), putting the 120,000 Armenian residents of Nagorno-Karabakh at risk of humanitarian crisis.[46][47] The blockade was condemned by France, Greece, the Netherlands, Russia, Canada, and a number of other countries.[48][49][50][51][52] The issue was also discussed in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.[53][54]

On April 23, 2023, Azerbaijani officials set up a checkpoint in the corridor, claiming it was meant to prevent "illegal" transport of military supplies and natural resources.[13][14] These claims were earlier denied by Armenian authorities.[55]

Detentions of Armenians

[edit]

On 29 July 2023, Azerbaijani troops detained Vagif Khachatryan, an Armenian resident of Nagorno-Karabakh, while he was crossing through the Lachin corridor to Armenia for medical treatment. Khachatryan was part of a larger group travelling to Armenia with the help of the International Committee of the Red Cross.[56] Khachatryan was then taken to Baku.[57] Azerbaijani authorities allege that Khachatryan was involved in violence against Azerbaijanis in the village of Meshali during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, charging him with "genocide" and "deportation or forced movement of the population" under Azerbaijan's Criminal Code.[58]

On 28 August 2023, three young Armenian men from Nagorno-Karabakh, Alen Sargsyan, Vahe Hovsepyan and Levon Grigoryan, were detained by Azerbaijani security forces while passing through the Lachin corridor to Armenia. The men were being escorted by Russian peacekeepers.[59] Azerbaijani authorities and media said that the men were being charged with "disrespecting the Azerbaijani flag" in a 2021 social media video. The three men were later said to have had their criminal charges dropped "considering the age of the accused individuals, their sincere remorse, and compliance with the requirements of procedural legislation." According to the APA news agency, the three will spend 10 days in administrative detention before being expelled from Azerbaijan.[60][61]

September 2023 offensive

[edit]

After a renewed offensive in September 2023, Azerbaijani forces took control of the entirety of Nagorno-Karabakh,[16] which was followed by the exodus of almost all of the Armenian inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh into Armenia through the Lachin corridor.[17]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Armenian: Լաչինի միջանցք, romanized: Lachini mijantsk; Azerbaijani: Laçın dəhlizi or Laçın koridoru; Russian: Лачи́нский коридо́р, romanized: Lachinskiy koridor

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Azerbaijan enters Nagorno-Karabakh district after peace deal". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. 20 November 2020. Archived from the original on 23 December 2020. The Russian peacekeeping force of some 2,000 troops has deployed to the administrative centre of the region, Stepanakert, and set up checkpoints and observation posts along the strategic Lachin corridor connecting Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia.
  2. ^ a b c d "Lachin is a ghost-town -- a crowd of burned-out,..." UPI. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  3. ^ Potier, Tim (2001). Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: a legal appraisal. The Hague: Kluwer law international. p. 194. ISBN 978-90-411-1477-8.
  4. ^ German, Tracey (September 2015). "Negotiating Armenian-Azerbaijani peace: opportunities, obstacles, prospects. By Ohannes Geukjian". International Affairs. 91 (5): 92. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12424. ISSN 0020-5850. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  5. ^ "France calls on Azerbaijan to reopen humanitarian corridor with Armenia". France 24. 28 April 2023. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  6. ^ a b Shahverdyan, Lilit; Kucera, Joshua (15 September 2022). "Armenians warily travel along "the new road" to Karabakh | Eurasianet". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  7. ^ Kitachayev, Bashir (16 December 2022). "Azerbaijani roadblock cuts tens of thousands off from food, fuel and medicine". openDemocracy. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  8. ^ "Azerbaijan closes Lachin Corridor to install checkpoint". OC Media. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  9. ^ "PACE rapporteur seeks to visit Lachin corridor". OC Media. 25 April 2023. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  10. ^ Ahmedbeyli, Samira (24 April 2023). "Azerbaijan has installs checkpoint at entrance to Lachin road. Information and comments from Baku and Yerevan". English Jamnews. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  11. ^ "PRESS RELEASE : Checkpoint on the Lachin Corridor – UK statement to the OSCE [April 2023] – UKPOL.CO.UK". 27 April 2023. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  12. ^ Canada, Global Affairs (25 April 2023). "Canada concerned with latest developments in Lachin Corridor". www.canada.ca. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  13. ^ a b Presse, AFP-Agence France. "Azerbaijan Says Set Up Checkpoint On Key Route To Armenia". www.barrons.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  14. ^ a b "Azerbaijan installs checkpoint on road to Nagorno-Karabakh amid fatal clashes". POLITICO. 23 April 2023. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  15. ^ Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly. "Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee):The honouring of obligations and commitments by Armenia: Information note following the visit in Armenia from 17 to 19 February 2023". Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023. The Trilateral Statement contains no provision limiting explicitly the use of this road to humanitarian needs.
  16. ^ a b Roth, Andrew (24 September 2023). "First evacuees from Nagorno-Karabakh cross into Armenia". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  17. ^ a b Sauer, Pjotr (2 October 2023). "'It's a ghost town': UN arrives in Nagorno-Karabakh to find ethnic Armenians have fled". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  18. ^ Kambeck, Michael; Ghazaryan, Sargis, eds. (2013). Europe's Next Avoidable War. p. 25. doi:10.1057/9781137030009. ISBN 978-1-349-33644-9. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2023. 1989 August: Azerbaijan imposes a railway blockade on Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, abrogating fundamental principles of Soviet solidarity.
  19. ^ "CASE OF CHIRAGOV AND OTHERS v. ARMENIA". HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023. The capture of these two towns [Lachin and Shusha/Shushi] had been deemed necessary by the "NKR" forces in order to stop Azerbaijani war crimes and open up a humanitarian corridor to Armenia.
  20. ^ Green, Anna (20 March 2017). "Spotlight Karabakh". EVN Report. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023. On May 18, [1992] the Karabakh Army entered Lachin (Kashatagh), thus ending the three-year blockade.
  21. ^ "Dates and facts around Nagorno-Karabakh's 30-year long conflict". euronews. 5 April 2016. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  22. ^ De Waal, Thomas (2003). Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War. New York University Press. pp. 263–264. ISBN 0-8147-1944-9.
  23. ^ "UN General Assembly 2005" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  24. ^ "Statement by President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia and President of the Russian Federation". Kremlin.ru. 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  25. ^ Sara Petrosyan (22 February 2021). "Փոքրաթիվ հայեր դեռևս բնակվում են Քաշաթաղում, բայց դա ռուսների քմահաճույքով է պայմանավորված". hetq.am. Hetq. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  26. ^ "İlham Əliyev: "Yeni dəhliz hazır olandan sonra Laçın şəhəri bizə qaytarılacaq"". BBC Azerbaijani Service (in Azerbaijani). 1 December 2020. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  27. ^ "Karabakh authorities demand villagers quickly evacuate ahead of handover to Azerbaijan | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  28. ^ "Fears for new Nagorno-Karabakh crisis as Azerbaijan threatens key road link | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  29. ^ "Illegally settled people should be removed from the city of Lachin, the villages of Zabukh and Sus: Azerbaijan's President". Apa.az. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  30. ^ "Azerbaijan retakes control of three Karabakh settlements | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  31. ^ "Who Won the Karabakh War?". bbc.co.uk. BBC. 26 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  32. ^ ahmedbeyli, samira (14 September 2021). "Customs payments for Iranian trucks: what is happening at the Armenian-Azerbaijani border". English Jamnews. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  33. ^ "The Lachin Corridor: Russian Peacekeepers Securing Artsakh's Lifeline". CIVILNET. 10 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  34. ^ "Fears for new Nagorno-Karabakh crisis as Azerbaijan threatens key road link | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  35. ^ "Обострение в Нагорном Карабахе: что происходит и почему это важно". BBC News Русская Служба. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  36. ^ "Новая война в Карабахе? В Баку и Ереване винят друг друга и оглядываются на Москву". BBC News Русская Служба. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  37. ^ "Lachin residents given 20 days to leave homes ahead of Azerbaijan handover". OC Media. 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  38. ^ LLC, Helix Consulting. "Айк Ханумян предупредил жителей Ахавно и Бердзора, что до 25 августа они должны покинуть свои дома – главы общин - aysor.am - Горячие новости из Армении". www.aysor.am. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  39. ^ Узел, Кавказский. "Азербайджанские пожарные прибыли в Лачин после поджогов армянами своих домов". Кавказский Узел. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  40. ^ "Azerbaijani forces are stationed in Lachin, Karabakh: President Aliyev". Daily Sabah. 26 August 2022. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  41. ^ ahmedbeyli, samira (14 September 2021). "Customs payments for Iranian trucks: what is happening at the Armenian-Azerbaijani border". English Jamnews. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  42. ^ "Азербайджанские "активисты" блокируют дорогу из Карабаха в Армению. Одновременно в Карабахе пропал газ" [Azerbaijani "activists" are blocking the road from Karabakh to Armenia. At the same time, gas disappeared in Karabakh]. BBC News Русская Служба. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  43. ^ "Armenia, Azerbaijan tensions rise over blocked road". news.yahoo.com. 15 December 2022. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  44. ^ "Azerbaijanis again block the road to Karabakh". Eurasianet. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  45. ^ "Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh". Caucasian Knot. 19 December 2022. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  46. ^ Gray, Sébastien (13 December 2022). "Azerbaijan Cuts off Gas to Artsakh, Blocks Lachin Corridor". Atlas News. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  47. ^ "Азербайджан возобновил подачу газа в Нагорный Карабах". Kommersant. 16 December 2022. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  48. ^ "Foreign Ministry calls on Azerbaijan to end Lachin corridor blockade | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  49. ^ "UN Chief Urges Reopening Of Karabakh-Armenia Corridor". www.azatutyun.am. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  50. ^ "Lachin Corridor: Greece calls on Azerbaijani authorities to ensure security of movement". news.am. 23 June 2023. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  51. ^ "French Foreign Ministry urges to resume traffic via Lachin corridor". tass.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  52. ^ "Reports are concerning: Dutch PM comments on situation in Lachin Corridor". armenpress.am. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  53. ^ "PACE decides to discuss Azerbaijan's closure of Lachin corridor". News.am. 23 June 2023. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  54. ^ "PACE's debates on Lachin corridor are scheduled for January 26". News.am. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  55. ^ "Armenia Warns Of 'New Azeri Aggression'". Azatutyun. 8 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  56. ^ "Azerbaijan Detains Artsakh Citizen Travelling to Armenia for Medical Treatment". Hetq. 29 July 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  57. ^ Sarkisova, Anya; Aleksanyan, Narek (31 July 2023). "Daughter of Vagif Khachatryan, Detained by Azerbaijani Border Guards, Pleads for His Return". Hetq. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  58. ^ Shahverdyan, Lilit; Isayev, Heydar (31 July 2023). "Azerbaijan arrests Nagorno-Karabakh resident during medical evacuation for "war crime"". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  59. ^ Stepanian, Ruzanna (28 August 2023). "Three More Karabakh Men Arrested By Azerbaijan (UPDATED)". Azatutyun (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  60. ^ "Three more Armenians detained at Azerbaijan's Lachin checkpoint". Eurasianet. 29 August 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  61. ^ "Ադրբեջանը ձերբակալված հայ երիտասարդներին ազատ կարձակի" [Azerbaijan will release the arrested Armenian youths]. CivilNet (in Armenian). 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Laçın.

39°36′31″N 46°32′41″E / 39.60861°N 46.54472°E / 39.60861; 46.54472

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lachin_corridor&oldid=1253072419"