困

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Archived revision by Eresian (talk | contribs) as of 18:53, 11 June 2024.
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 睏
困 U+56F0, 困
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56F0
← 囯
[U+56EF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 囱 →
[U+56F1]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

[edit]

困 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 田木 (WD) or 難田木 (XWD), four-corner 60904, composition ⿴囗木)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 217, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4717
  • Dae Jaweon: page 445, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 714, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+56F0

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 困
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (困) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
硱 *kʰɯŋ, *kʰuːnʔ
梱 *ŋɡuːn, *kʰuːnʔ
捆 *kʰuːnʔ
綑 *kʰuːnʔ
閫 *kʰuːnʔ
悃 *kʰuːnʔ
稛 *kʰuːnʔ
裍 *kʰuːnʔ
齫 *kʰuːnʔ
困 *kʰuːns
涃 *kʰuːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 囗 (“surround”) + 木 (“wood”). Probably the original form of 梱 (OC *ŋɡuːn, *kʰuːnʔ, “doorsill”) and 閫 (OC *kʰuːnʔ, “doorsill”).

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 困

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: wan3 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 困
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦悶切
Baxter khwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰuənH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰuonH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰuənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰwənH/
Li
Rong 		/kʰuənH/
Wang
Li 		/kʰuənH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰuənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 困
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kùn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khwonH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰˁu[n]-s/
English obstruct; distress

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 困
Reading # 1/1
No. 7554
Phonetic
component 		困
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		困
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰuːns/

Definitions

[edit]

困

  1. to surround; to besiege
  2. to be surrounded; to be trapped
    困𨋢／困䢂 [Cantonese]  ―  wan3 lip1 [Jyutping]  ―  to be trapped in an elevator
  3. (Cantonese) to lock up; to detain
  4. difficult
  5. 47th hexagram of the I Ching
  6. (Teochew, Hainanese) hungry
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 餓 (“hungry”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 飢, 餓
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 餓, 飢餓
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 餓
Taiwan 餓
Chengde 餓
Chifeng 餓
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 餓
Heihe 餓
Qiqihar 餓
Harbin 餓
Jiamusi 餓
Baicheng 餓
Changchun 餓
Tonghua 餓
Shenyang 餓
Jinzhou 餓
Singapore 餓
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 餓
Tangshan 餓
Cangzhou 餓
Baoding 餓
Shijiazhuang 餓
Lijin 飢困
Jinan 餓
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 餓
Dandong 餓
Yantai 餓, 飢困
Qingdao 餓, 飢困
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 飢
Jining 餓
Linfen 飢
Shangqiu 餓, 飢
Yuanyang 餓
Zhengzhou 飢
Xinyang 餓
Baihe 餓
Xi'an 飢, 餓
Baoji 飢
Tianshui 餓
Xining 餓
Xuzhou 餓
Fuyang 餓
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 餓
Lanzhou 餓
Dunhuang 餓
Hami 餓
Ürümqi 餓
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 餓
Nanchong 餓
Dazhou 餓
Hanyuan 餓
Xichang 餓
Zigong 餓
Chongqing 餓
Wuhan 餓
Yichang 餓
Xiangyang 餓
Tianmen 餓
Guiyang 餓
Zunyi 餓
Bijie 餓
Liping 餓
Zhaotong 餓
Dali 餓
Kunming 餓
Mengzi 餓
Guilin 餓
Liuzhou 餓
Jishou 餓
Changde 餓
Hanzhong 餓
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 餓
Yangzhou 餓
Lianyungang 餓
Lianshui 餓
Nantong 餓
Anqing 餓
Hefei 餓
Hong'an 餓
Cantonese Guangzhou 肚餓, 餓
Hong Kong 肚餓, 餓
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 肚餓
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 肚餓
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 肚胈餓
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 肚胈餓
Macau 餓
Guangzhou (Panyu) 肚餓
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 肚餓
Guangzhou (Conghua) 肚餓
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 肚餓
Foshan 肚餓
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 肚餓
Foshan (Shunde) 餓
Foshan (Sanshui) 肚餓
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 肚餓
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 餓
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 餓
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 肚餓
Zhuhai (Doumen) 肚餓
Jiangmen (Baisha) 肚飢
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 肚餓
Taishan 肚飢
Kaiping (Chikan) 肚餓
Enping (Niujiang) 肚餓
Heshan (Yayao) 肚餓
Dongguan 屎肚餓
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 肚餓
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 餓
Shaoguan 肚餓
Yunfu 肚餓
Yangjiang 餓
Xinyi 肚餓
Lianjiang 肚餓
Nanning 肚餓
Hepu (Lianzhou) 飢
Hepu (Shatian) 飢, 餓
Beihai 餓
Beihai (Nankang) 餓
Beihai (Yingpan) 飢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 肚餓
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 肚餓
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 肚餓
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 餓
Singapore (Guangfu) 餓, 肚餓
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 餓
Móng Cái 肚餓
Gan Nanchang 餓
Hakka Meixian 肚飢, 餓
Xingning 餓
Dabu (Xihe) 豺
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 肚胈餓
Huidong (Daling) 餓
Dongguan (Qingxi) 肚胈餓
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 肚胈餓
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 餓
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 肚𤸁
Wuhua (Huacheng) 肚飢, 肚胈餓
Wuhua (Changbu) 肚胈飢
Wuhua (Mianyang) 肚𤸁
Wuhua (Meilin) 𤸁
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 肚飢
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 肚胈餓
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 餓
Jiexi 肚屎𤸁
Changting 腹飢, 餓
Longyan (Yongding) 肚飢
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 豺
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) 肚飢
Wuping 肚飢
Wuping (Pingyu) 肚飢
Liancheng 腹飢
Liancheng (Peitian) 腹底飢, 腹飢, 餓
Liancheng (Juxi) 腹裡飢, 腹飢, 飢
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 腹飢
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 腹飢, 餓肚屎, 肚屎空
Ninghua 腹飢
Ruijin 肚飢, 肚籮捏飢
Shicheng 肚飢
Shangyou (Shexi) 肚飢
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 肚飢, 肚枵
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 肚飢
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 肚屎枵, 肚枵
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 肚飢, 肚屎枵, 肚枵
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 肚屎枵, 肚枵
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 屎肚枵
Hong Kong 餓
Sabah (Longchuan) 肚胈餓
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 肚餓
Senai (Huiyang) 餓
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 肚屎枵, 肚屎飢, 𤸁
Singkawang 肚屎飢
Bangkok (Meixian) 肚飢
Bangkok (Fengshun) 肚𤸁
Huizhou Shexian 餓
Jin Taiyuan 餓
Yangyuan 餓, 飢
Datong 飢
Xinzhou 餓
Lüliang (Lishi) 餓
Changzhi 飢
Linhe 餓
Jining 餓
Hohhot 餓
Erenhot 餓, 飢
Pingshan 餓
Zhangjiakou 餓
Handan 餓, 飢
Linzhou 飢
Suide 餓
Northern Min Jian'ou 腹飢, 餓
Eastern Min Fuzhou 空, 枵 dated
Southern Min Xiamen 枵
Xiamen (Tong'an) 腹肚枵
Quanzhou 枵
Shishi 枵
Zhangzhou 枵
Zhao'an 枵, 腹肚枵
Taipei (Wanhua) 枵
Kaohsiung 枵
Yilan 枵
Changhua (Lukang) 枵
Taichung 枵
Taichung (Wuqi) 枵
Tainan 枵
Taitung 枵
Hsinchu 枵
Penghu (Magong) 枵
Penang (Hokkien) 枵
Singapore (Hokkien) 枵, 腹肚枵
Manila (Hokkien) 枵, 腹肚枵
Chaozhou 枵, 肚困, 肚枵
Shantou 肚困, 枵
Shantou (Chenghai) 肚困, 枵
Shantou (Chaoyang) 肚困
Jieyang 枵
Haifeng 肚枵
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 枵
Singapore (Teochew) 肚困, 枵
Wenchang 肚困
Haikou 困, 肚困
Singapore (Hainanese) 困, 肚困
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 肚餓
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 餓, 肚餓
Wu Shanghai 餓
Suzhou 餓
Ningbo 肚飢
Wenzhou 餓
Jinhua 肚飢
Xiang Changsha 餓, 䐬
Shuangfeng 肚䐬, 餓 intensified

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 困 – see 睏 (“sleepy; tired; to sleep”).
(This character is the simplified and variant form of 睏).
Notes:

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
困

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. trouble

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
  • Kun: こまる (komaru, 困る, Jōyō)、くるしむ (kurushimu, 困しむ)

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

困 (eumhun 괴로울 곤 (goeroul gon))

  1. hanja form? of 곤 (“suffer”)
  2. hanja form? of 곤 (“surround, besiege”)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

困: Hán Nôm readings: khốn, khuôn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=困&oldid=80210895"