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{{also |
{{also|Appendix:Variations of "ni"}} |
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==Central Nahuatl== |
==Central Nahuatl== |
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# {{n-g|Marks a [[verb]]'s [[habitual]] or [[customary]] present tense.}} |
# {{n-g|Marks a [[verb]]'s [[habitual]] or [[customary]] present tense.}} |
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---- |
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==Classical Nahuatl== |
==Classical Nahuatl== |
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====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
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{{suffixsee|nci}} |
{{suffixsee|nci}} |
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---- |
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==Curripaco== |
==Curripaco== |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
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* Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, ''Agreement in two Arawak languages'', in ''The Typology of Semantic Alignment'' (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, {{ISBN|0199238383}}), page 398 |
* Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, ''Agreement in two Arawak languages'', in ''The Typology of Semantic Alignment'' (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, {{ISBN|0199238383}}), page 398 |
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---- |
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==Finnish== |
==Finnish== |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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From {{inh|fi| |
From {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-ni}}, from {{inh|fi|urj-pro|*-ni}}. Originally the first-person possessive suffix for words in plural, with {{m|fi|-mi}} used for singular words; the latter is now only found in dialects. Compare {{cog|myv|-м}}. |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
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{{head|fi|suffix}} |
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{{head|fi|suffix}} (''appended to the (strong) vowel stem; the final <b>-n</b> of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the <b>-t</b> of the nominative plural is omitted'') |
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# {{lb|fi|possessive}} |
# {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|First-person singular [[Appendix:Finnish possessive suffixes|possessive suffix]] used with or without {{m|fi|minun}} (the genitive of the personal pronoun {{m|fi|minä}}), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun}} [[my]] |
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#: ([[ |
#: {{uxi|fi|([[minun]]) kirja'''ni'''|'''my''' book(s)}} |
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#: (minun) |
#: {{uxi|fi|([[minun]]) valaa'''ni'''|'''my''' whale(s) {{q|nominative singular/plural or genitive singular}} / '''my''' oath {{q|partitive or illative singular}}}} |
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# {{lb|fi|possessive}} |
## {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|Appended to a genitive-requiring [[:Category:Finnish postpositions|postposition]] that is after or without {{m|fi|minun}} (the genitive of the personal pronoun {{m|fi|minä}})}}, [[me]] |
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#: ([[minun]]) [[edessä]]''ni'' |
##: {{uxi|fi|([[minun]]) [[edessä]]'''ni'''|in front of '''me'''}} |
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#: ([[minun]]) [[takana]]''ni'' |
##: {{uxi|fi|([[minun]]) [[takana]]'''ni'''|behind '''me'''}} |
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# {{lb|fi|possessive}} |
## {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|Used in a participle structure replacing an {{m|fi|että}} clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause}} |
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##: {{ux|fi|Sanoin ''tekevä'''ni''' läksyjäni''.|I said ''that I was doing my homework.|q=similar to the Latin structure ''accusativus cum infinitivo'', e.g. {{m|la|[[se#Latin|se]] [[dicere|dicit]] [[facere]]}}}} |
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#: [[sanoa|Sanoin]] ''[[tekevä|tekevä]]'''ni''' [[läksy]]jäni''. |
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## {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|Used in a participle structure replacing an {{m|fi|että}} clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause.}} |
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#: I said ''that I was doing my homework.'' (similar to the Latin structure ''accusativus cum infinitivo'', e.g., "[[se#Latin|se]] [[dicere|dicit]] [[facere]]") |
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##: {{ux|fi|Väitin ''tehnee'''ni''' läksyjäni''.|I claimed ''to have been doing my homework.''}} |
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# {{lb|fi|possessive}} ''used in a participle structure replacing an "[[että]]" clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to [[:Category:Finnish singular active past participle genitive forms|the active past participle in genitive singular]] when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause'' |
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## {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|Used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive.}} |
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#: [[väittää|Väitin]] ''[[tehnyt|tehnee]]'''ni''' [[läksy]]jäni''. |
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##: {{ux|fi|''Tehdessä'''ni''' läksyjäni'' (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.|''(While) doing my homework'', I heard a shot from outside.}} |
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#: I claimed ''to have been doing my homework.'' |
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# {{lb|fi|possessive}} |
## {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|Used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular.}} |
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#: '' |
##: {{ux|fi|''Tehtyä'''ni''' läksyni'' (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.|''(After) having done / After doing my homework'', I heard a shot from outside.}} |
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## {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|Used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to [[:Category:Finnish long first infinitives|the long first infinitive]].}} |
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#: ''(While) doing my homework'', I heard a shot from outside. |
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##: {{ux|fi|''Tehdäkse'''ni''' läksyni hyvin'' (minä) menin hiljaiseen huoneeseen.|''(In order) to do my homework well'', I went into a quiet room.}} |
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# {{lb|fi|possessive}} ''used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to [[:Category:Finnish singular passive past participle partitive forms|the partitive of the passive past participle singular]]'' |
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## {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|Used in some [[:Category:Finnish predicative adverbials|adverbs]], when the clause has the subject "I"}} |
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#: ''[[tehty|Tehtyä]]'''ni''' läksyni'' (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa. |
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##: {{ux|fi|Olen hyvin pahoilla'''ni''' siitä.|I am very '''sorry''' about it.}} |
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#: ''(After) having done / After doing my homework'', I heard a shot from outside. |
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# {{lb|fi|possessive}} |
## {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "I".}} |
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##: {{ux|fi|Kävelin kirjoine'''ni''' ovesta ulos.|I walked '''with my''' books out the door.}} |
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#: ''[[tehdäkseen|Tehdäkse]]'''ni''' läksyni [[hyvin]]'' (minä) [[mennä|menin]] [[hiljainen|hiljaiseen]] [[huone]]eseen. |
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#: ''(In order) to do my homework well'', I went into a quiet room. |
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# {{lb|fi|possessive}} ''Used in some [[:Category:Finnish predicative adverbials|adverbs]], when the clause has the subject "I"''. |
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#: ''[[olla#Finnish|Olen]] [[hyvin]] [[pahoillaan|pahoilla]]'''[[-ni|ni]]''' [[se#Finnish|siitä]].'' |
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#: ''I am very '''sorry''' about it.'' |
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# {{lb|fi|possessive}} ''Always appended to a noun in [[:Category:Finnish plural noun comitative forms|the comitative case]] when the clause has the subject "I".'' |
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#: ''[[kävellä|Kävelin]] [[kirjoineen|kirjoine]]'''ni''' [[ovi|ovesta]] [[ulos]].'' |
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#: ''I walked '''with my''' books out the door.'' |
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====Usage notes==== |
====Usage notes==== |
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* The possessive suffix |
* The possessive suffix {{m|fi||-ni}} is compulsory in standard Finnish. In standard Finnish, when expressing ownership or before a postposition, the genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun {{m|fi|minä}} before the main word can be omitted. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix {{m|fi||-ni}} is very rare and only the genitive form {{m|fi|minun}} (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word. |
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* Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final '''-n''' of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the '''-t''' of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: {{m|fi|talo||house}} > {{m|fi|taloon||into a/the house}} > {{m|fi||taloosi|into your house}}. |
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* The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma. |
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* The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma. |
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===See also=== |
===See also=== |
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* {{l|fi|-si}} |
* {{l|fi|-si}} |
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* {{l|fi|-nsa}} |
* {{l|fi|-nsa}} |
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* {{l|fi|-mme}} |
* {{l|fi|-mme}} |
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* {{l|fi|-nne}} |
* {{l|fi|-nne}} |
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* {{anagrams|fi|a=in|-in|in}} |
* {{anagrams|fi|a=in|-in|in}} |
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{{cln|fi|possessive suffixes}} |
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---- |
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==Garo== |
==Garo== |
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{{head|grt|suffix}} |
{{head|grt|suffix}} |
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# {{lb|grt|inflectional suffix}} {{ |
# {{lb|grt|inflectional suffix}} {{ng|forms the [[genitive]] case}} |
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===See also=== |
===See also=== |
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* {{l|grt|-chi||forms instrumental}} |
* {{l|grt|-chi||forms instrumental}} |
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* {{l|grt|-no||forms locative}} |
* {{l|grt|-no||forms locative}} |
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---- |
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==Hungarian== |
==Hungarian== |
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{{head|hu|suffix}} |
{{head|hu|suffix}} |
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# {{lb|hu|infinitive suffix}} |
# {{lb|hu|infinitive suffix}} {{ng|Forms the [[infinitive]].}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{afex|hu|ad|t1=give|ad'''ni'''|t2='''to''' give}} |
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# {{ |
# {{ng|Forms the [[concessive]] sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also {{m|hu|-nak}}/{{m|hu|-nek}}.}} |
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#: {{uxi|hu|Elindul'''ni''' elindul, de rögtön le is áll.|It '''does''' start, but it turns off right away.}} |
#: {{uxi|hu|Elindul'''ni''' elindul, de rögtön le is áll.|It '''does''' start, but it turns off right away.}} |
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# {{lb|hu|somewhat|dated|or|literary|with the omission of {{m|hu|lehet}}}} [[one]] [[can]]…, it is [[possible]] to… |
# {{lb|hu|somewhat|dated|or|literary|with the omission of {{m|hu|lehet}}}} [[one]] [[can]]…, it is [[possible]] to… |
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* [[:Category:Hungarian infinitives]] |
* [[:Category:Hungarian infinitives]] |
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* [[Appendix:Hungarian suffixes]] |
* [[Appendix:Hungarian suffixes]] |
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---- |
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==Icelandic== |
==Icelandic== |
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===Etymology=== |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
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{{head|is|suffix|g=f}} |
{{head|is|suffix|g=f}} |
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# {{non-gloss |
# {{non-gloss|Nominalizes a verb or adjective.}} |
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#: {{usex-suffix|is|ákveða|ákveðni|t1=to decide|t2=decisiveness}} |
#: {{usex-suffix|is|ákveða|ákveðni|t1=to decide|t2=decisiveness}} |
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#: {{usex-suffix|is|samkvæmur|samkvæmni|t1=consistent|t2=consistency}} |
#: {{usex-suffix|is|samkvæmur|samkvæmni|t1=consistent|t2=consistency}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
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{{suffixsee|is}} |
{{suffixsee|is}} |
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---- |
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==Karelian== |
==Karelian== |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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From {{inh|krl| |
From {{inh|krl|urj-fin-pro|*-ni}}, from {{inh|krl|urj-pro|*-ni}}. Cognates include {{cog|fi|-ni}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
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* {{R:krl:Zaykov:1999|page=47}} |
* {{R:krl:Zaykov:1999|page=47}} |
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---- |
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==Maltese== |
==Maltese== |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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From {{ |
From {{inh|mt|ar|ـنِي}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{IPA|mt|/nɪ/}} |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
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{{ |
{{mt-suffix|g=mf}} |
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# {{senseid|mt|pronoun}} {{ng|1st-person singular pronominal suffix, attached to verbs}}: [[me]] |
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# [[me]] {{lb|mt|object suffix, first person singular}} |
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#: {{syn|mt|-i|tiegħi|q2=only in possessive use}} |
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#: {{suffixusex|mt|jinsa|t1=he forgets||alt2=jinsie'''ni'''|t2=he forgets me}} |
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====Related terms==== |
====Related terms==== |
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* {{l|mt|jien |
* {{l|mt|jien}} |
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{{cln|mt|personal pronouns}} |
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---- |
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==Mecayapan Nahuatl== |
==Mecayapan Nahuatl== |
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{{head|nhx|suffix}} |
{{head|nhx|suffix}} |
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# {{ |
# {{ng|Forms agent nouns from verbs.}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
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|tzoncalhuihuitani |
|tzoncalhuihuitani |
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}} |
}} |
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---- |
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==Old Irish== |
==Old Irish== |
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{{sga-suffix|e}} |
{{sga-suffix|e}} |
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# {{non-gloss |
# {{non-gloss|1st person plural emphatic suffix}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
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{{suffixsee|sga}} |
{{suffixsee|sga}} |
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====Descendants==== |
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* {{desc|ga|-ne}} |
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* {{desc|gd|-ne}} |
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====See also==== |
====See also==== |
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{{sga-emphatics}} |
{{sga-emphatics}} |
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---- |
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==Old Norse== |
==Old Norse== |
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# {{infl of|non|-na|pos=inchoative verb suffix||3|s//p|pres|subj}} |
# {{infl of|non|-na|pos=inchoative verb suffix||3|s//p|pres|subj}} |
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==Old Polish== |
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---- |
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===Etymology=== |
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{{inh+|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*-nь}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{zlw-opl-IPA|ni:}} |
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===Suffix=== |
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{{head|zlw-opl|suffix}} |
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# {{ng|forms adjectives}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
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{{suffixsee|zlw-opl}} |
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==Pipil== |
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===Suffix=== |
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{{head|ppl|suffix}} |
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# {{senseid|ppl|agent noun}} {{lb|ppl|added to verbs}} A [[person]] or [[thing]] that does an action indicated by the root verb; {{non-gloss|used to form an [[agent noun]]}}: [[-er]] |
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===Further reading=== |
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* Campbell, L. (1985). ''The Pipil Language of El Salvador''. Mouton De Gruyter. p.49 |
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==Polish== |
==Polish== |
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===Etymology=== |
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{{dercat|pl|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=3}} |
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{{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|-ni}}. |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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{{pl- |
{{pl-pr|hh=ni}} |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
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{{head|pl|suffix |
{{head|pl|suffix}} |
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# {{ |
# {{ng|forms adjectives}} |
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#: {{suffixusex|pl|żyto|żytni}} |
#: {{suffixusex|pl|żyto|żytni}} |
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# {{ |
# {{ng|forms masculine adjectives relating to place}} |
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#: {{suffixusex|pl|wschód|wschodni}} |
#: {{suffixusex|pl|wschód|wschodni}} |
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====Declension==== |
====Declension==== |
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{{pl- |
{{pl-adecl}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
====Derived terms==== |
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{{suffixsee|pl}} |
{{suffixsee|pl}} |
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===Further reading=== |
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* {{R:pl:WSJP}} |
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* {{R:pl:PWN}} |
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---- |
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==Quechua== |
==Quechua== |
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{{head|qu|suffix}} |
{{head|qu|suffix}} |
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# {{non-gloss |
# {{non-gloss|[[first person|First-person]] [[singular]] [[subject]].}} |
||
#: {{m|qu|rimay|t=to speak}} → {{m|qu|[[ñuqa]] [[rimani|rima'''ni''']]|t=I speak}} |
#: {{m|qu|rimay|t=to speak}} → {{m|qu|[[ñuqa]] [[rimani|rima'''ni''']]|t=I speak}} |
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# {{non-gloss |
# {{non-gloss|[[epenthesis|Epenthetic]] [[suffix]] inserted between [[consonant]] [[cluster]]s.}} |
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#: {{af|qu|yachachiq|t1=teacher|-y|t2=my|nocat=1}} → *''yachachiqy'' → {{m|qu|yachachiqniy|yachachiq'''ni'''y|t=my teacher}} |
#: {{af|qu|yachachiq|t1=teacher|-y|t2=my|nocat=1}} → *''yachachiqy'' → {{m|qu|yachachiqniy|yachachiq'''ni'''y|t=my teacher}} |
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====See also==== |
====See also==== |
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* {{l|qu|-y}} |
* {{l|qu|-y}} |
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---- |
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==Romani== |
==Romani== |
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{{head|rom|suffix|g=f}} |
{{head|rom|suffix|g=f}} |
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# {{non-gloss |
# {{non-gloss|A suffix used to make a female form, similar to [[-ette]] or [[-ess]] in English}} |
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#: {{suffixusex|rom|grast|t1=horse|grasni|t2=mare}} |
#: {{suffixusex|rom|grast|t1=horse|grasni|t2=mare}} |
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#: {{suffixusex|rom|thagar|t1=king|thagarni|t2=queen}} |
#: {{suffixusex|rom|thagar|t1=king|thagarni|t2=queen}} |
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* {{R:NERG|page=130}} |
* {{R:NERG|page=130}} |
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==Serbo-Croatian== |
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---- |
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===Etymology=== |
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{{rfe|sh}} |
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===Pronunciation=== |
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{{sh-IPA|nī}} |
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===Suffix=== |
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{{sh-suffix|head=-nī}} |
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# {{ng|added to nouns to form a relational adjective}} |
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#: {{syn|sh|-skī|-jī}} |
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#: {{suffixusex|sh|kȕća|kȕćnī}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
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{{suffixsee|sh}} |
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==Sicilian== |
==Sicilian== |
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#: {{m|scn|ḍḍà|}} → {{m|scn|ḍḍà|ḍḍà'''ni'''|over there}} |
#: {{m|scn|ḍḍà|}} → {{m|scn|ḍḍà|ḍḍà'''ni'''|over there}} |
||
#: {{m|scn|pirchì|}} → {{m|scn|pirchì|pirchi'''ni'''|why/because}} |
#: {{m|scn|pirchì|}} → {{m|scn|pirchì|pirchi'''ni'''|why/because}} |
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---- |
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==Swahili== |
==Swahili== |
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{{sw-variant|ـنِ}} |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
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#: {{uxi|sw|[[nyumba]]'''ni'''|'''at''' [[home]], '''in''' the [[house]]}} |
#: {{uxi|sw|[[nyumba]]'''ni'''|'''at''' [[home]], '''in''' the [[house]]}} |
||
#: {{uxi|sw|[[meza]]'''ni'''|'''on''' the [[table]]}} |
#: {{uxi|sw|[[meza]]'''ni'''|'''on''' the [[table]]}} |
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#* {{RQ:Abdallah bin Ali Inkishafi|line=6|passage=نِيَضِهِرِشِ يَغُ مَقَالِ ، اَبَيُ مُيُوْ'''نِ''' نِقُصُدِيِ|tr=Niyaḍihirishe yangu maqali, ambayo moyo'''ni''' niquṣudiye.|translation=Let me set forth the plan which I have '''in''' my heart.|trans_from=allen}} |
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====Usage notes==== |
====Usage notes==== |
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*: ''[[somea|Nili'''wa'''somee'''ni''']]'' (''I read to '''you''''') vs. ''Nili'''wa'''somea'' (''I read to '''them''''') |
*: ''[[somea|Nili'''wa'''somee'''ni''']]'' (''I read to '''you''''') vs. ''Nili'''wa'''somea'' (''I read to '''them''''') |
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{{cln|sw|personal pronouns}} |
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==Upper Sorbian== |
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===Etymology=== |
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{{inh+|hsb|sla-pro|*-ьnъ}}. |
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===Suffix=== |
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{{head|hsb|suffix}} |
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# {{n-g|Forms adjectives}} |
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====Derived terms==== |
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{{suffixsee|hsb}} |
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{{C|hsb|Sciences}} |
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---- |
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==Warlpiri== |
==Warlpiri== |
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{{head|wbp|suffix}} |
{{head|wbp|suffix}} |
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# {{non-gloss |
# {{non-gloss|non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 5 to indicate non-past tense}} |
||
---- |
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==Welsh== |
==Welsh== |
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===Suffix=== |
===Suffix=== |
||
{{head|cy|suffix}} |
{{head|cy|suffix|g=m}} |
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# {{non-gloss |
# {{non-gloss|forming abstract nouns}}, [[-ness]], [[-ment]] |
||
#: {{suffixusex|cy| |
#: {{suffixusex|cy|glas|t1=blue, green|glesni|t2=blueness, chlorosis}} |
||
#: {{suffixusex|cy|llwyd|t1=grey|llwydni|t2=greyness, mould}} |
#: {{suffixusex|cy|llwyd|t1=grey|llwydni|t2=greyness, mould}} |
||
#: {{suffixusex|cy| |
#: {{suffixusex|cy|moel|t1=bald|moelni|t2=baldness}} |
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#: {{suffixusex|cy|rhwd|t1=rust|rhydni|t2=rustiness, rubigo}} |
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====Usage notes==== |
====Usage notes==== |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
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* {{R:cy:GPC}} |
* {{R:cy:GPC}} |
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==Zaghawa== |
==Zaghawa== |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
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* ''[http://www.tchad.org/zaghawa/Beria-Eng-BDict.pdf Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary] [provisional]'' ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad |
* ''[http://www.tchad.org/zaghawa/Beria-Eng-BDict.pdf Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary] [provisional]'' ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad |
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==Zulu== |
==Zulu== |
Latest revision as of 21:14, 20 October 2024
Central Nahuatl
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
Classical Nahuatl
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
Derived terms
[edit]Curripaco
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- third person singular masculine patient marker
References
[edit]- Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398
Finnish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Originally the first-person possessive suffix for words in plural, with -mi used for singular words; the latter is now only found in dialects. Compare Erzya -м (-m).
Suffix
[edit]-ni
- (possessive) First-person singular possessive suffix used with or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun my
- (minun) kirjani ― my book(s)
- (minun) valaani ― my whale(s) (nominative singular/plural or genitive singular) / my oath (partitive or illative singular)
- (possessive) Appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), me
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause.
- Väitin tehneeni läksyjäni.
- I claimed to have been doing my homework.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive.
- Tehdessäni läksyjäni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.
- (While) doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular.
- Tehtyäni läksyni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.
- (After) having done / After doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the long first infinitive.
- Tehdäkseni läksyni hyvin (minä) menin hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
- (In order) to do my homework well, I went into a quiet room.
- (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "I"
- Olen hyvin pahoillani siitä.
- I am very sorry about it.
- (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "I".
- Kävelin kirjoineni ovesta ulos.
- I walked with my books out the door.
Usage notes
[edit]- The possessive suffix -ni is compulsory in standard Finnish. In standard Finnish, when expressing ownership or before a postposition, the genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun minä before the main word can be omitted. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -ni is very rare and only the genitive form minun (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
- Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (“house”) > taloon (“into a/the house”) > taloosi (“into your house”).
- The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.
See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Garo
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-ni
- (inflectional suffix) forms the genitive case
See also
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- (infinitive suffix) Forms the infinitive.
- Forms the concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -nak/-nek.
- Elindulni elindul, de rögtön le is áll. ― It does start, but it turns off right away.
- (somewhat dated or literary, with the omission of lehet) one can…, it is possible to…
- Innen már látni a falut. ― One can already see the village from here.
Usage notes
[edit]- (infinitive suffix) Variants:
See also
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni f
- Nominalizes a verb or adjective.
Derived terms
[edit]Karelian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Cognates include Finnish -ni.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 47
Maltese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni m or f
- 1st-person singular pronominal suffix, attached to verbs: me
Related terms
[edit]Mecayapan Nahuatl
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Classical Nahuatl -ni.
Verb
[edit]-ni
- Forms agent nouns from verbs.
Derived terms
[edit]Old Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *snīs (“we”) (compare Welsh ni).
Suffix
[edit]-ni
- 1st person plural emphatic suffix
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Person | Emphatic suffixes |
---|---|
1 sg. | -se, -sa |
2 sg. | -siu, -so, -su |
3 sg. m.n. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
3 sg. f. | -si |
1 pl. | -ni, -nai, -sni |
2 pl. | -si |
3 pl. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object. |
Old Norse
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- positive degree weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (adjective suffix)
- weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (participle suffix)
- third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of -na (inchoative verb suffix)
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nь.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- forms adjectives
Derived terms
[edit]Pipil
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- (added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun: -er
Further reading
[edit]- Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter. p.49
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish -ni.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- forms adjectives
- forms masculine adjectives relating to place
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | -ni | -nia | -nie | -ni | -nie | |
genitive | -niego | -niej | -niego | -nich | ||
dative | -niemu | -niej | -niemu | -nim | ||
accusative | -niego | -ni | -nią | -nie | -nich | -nie |
instrumental | -nim | -nią | -nim | -nimi | ||
locative | -nim | -niej | -nim | -nich |
Derived terms
[edit]Quechua
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- First-person singular subject.
- Epenthetic suffix inserted between consonant clusters.
- yachachiq (“teacher”) + -y (“my”) → *yachachiqy → yachachiqniy (“my teacher”)
See also
[edit]Romani
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit -इनी (-inī). Cognate with Hindi -नी (-nī).
Suffix
[edit]-ni f
Suffix
[edit]-ni f
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “-ni”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 130
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-nī (Cyrillic spelling -нӣ)
Derived terms
[edit]Sicilian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- added to words that are stressed on the final syllable to move stress to the penultimate syllable
Swahili
[edit]Other scripts | |
---|---|
Ajami | ـنِ |
Suffix
[edit]-ni
- Second person plural:
- With nouns, indicates location: in/inside, at, on
- 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, , pages 243–249, stanza 6:
- نِيَضِهِرِشِ يَغُ مَقَالِ ، اَبَيُ مُيُوْنِ نِقُصُدِيِ
- Niyaḍihirishe yangu maqali, ambayo moyoni niquṣudiye.
- Let me set forth the plan which I have in my heart.
Usage notes
[edit]- (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the direct imperative to form the plural. With native (Bantu)/nativized verbs in -a, vowel changes to -e:
- (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the class 1 (personal) object affix -wa- to disambiguate the second-person plural from the third person plural; verbs in -a change this to -e before the affix:
- Niliwasomeeni (I read to you) vs. Niliwasomea (I read to them)
Upper Sorbian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.
Suffix
[edit]-ni
- Forms adjectives
Derived terms
[edit]Warlpiri
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 5 to indicate non-past tense
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni m
Usage notes
[edit]-ni causes i-affection of internal vowels.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ni”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Zaghawa
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- family (used in compounds)
References
[edit]- Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad
Zulu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-ni
- what
- Udlani? ― What are you eating?
- Yini lokhu? ― What is this?
Usage notes
[edit]Unlike other pronouns, -ni always appears attached to another word. However, it does have a copulative form yini.
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- Forms the plural of the imperative of verbs.
References
[edit]- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-ni”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ni”
- Central Nahuatl lemmas
- Central Nahuatl suffixes
- Classical Nahuatl lemmas
- Classical Nahuatl suffixes
- Curripaco lemmas
- Curripaco suffixes
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish possessive suffixes
- Garo lemmas
- Garo suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ni
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ni/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian dated terms
- Hungarian literary terms
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic suffixes
- Icelandic feminine suffixes
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian suffixes
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese suffixes
- Maltese masculine suffixes
- Maltese feminine suffixes
- Maltese suffixes with multiple genders
- Maltese personal pronouns
- Mecayapan Nahuatl lemmas
- Mecayapan Nahuatl suffixes
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish suffixes
- Old Irish emphatic suffixes
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse suffix forms
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish suffixes
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil suffixes
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/i
- Rhymes:Polish/i/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish soft adjectives
- Quechua lemmas
- Quechua suffixes
- Romani terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Romani terms derived from Sanskrit
- Romani lemmas
- Romani suffixes
- Romani feminine suffixes
- Romani female equivalent suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Sicilian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sicilian lemmas
- Sicilian suffixes
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili suffixes
- Swahili terms with usage examples
- Swahili terms with quotations
- Swahili personal pronouns
- Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Upper Sorbian lemmas
- Upper Sorbian suffixes
- hsb:Sciences
- Warlpiri lemmas
- Warlpiri suffixes
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh suffixes
- Welsh masculine suffixes
- Zaghawa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zaghawa lemmas
- Zaghawa suffixes
- Zulu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu pronouns
- Zulu terms with usage examples
- Zulu suffixes