師

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See also: 师 and 帥
師 U+5E2B, 師
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E2B
← 帪
[U+5E2A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 帬 →
[U+5E2C]

Translingual

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Stroke order (Sans-serif)
Stroke order

Han character

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師 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口一中月 (HRMLB), four-corner 21727, composition ⿰𠂤帀)

Descendants

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Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 331, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8916
  • Dae Jaweon: page 637, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 740, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5E2B

Chinese

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trad. 師
simp. 师
alternative forms
𠦵
𠵀
𢂖
𢃋
𨸲
𠦵
𠵀
𢂖
𢃋
𨸲
𨸴
𩇱
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 師 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 師 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 師
Western Zhou Warring States
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (師) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
篩 *sreːl, *srel, *sri
師 *sri
鰤 *sri
蒒 *sri
獅 *sri
螄 *sri

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠂤 (“mound, hill”) + 帀 – ancient troops were usually stationed at a hill.

Each of the two components can be used as 師 on their own in preclassical scripts. The significance of 帀 is debated. See also 官 and 追.

Etymology

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Starostin derives this word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rij (“many”), cognate with 皆 (OC *kriːj, “all”), 偕 (OC *kriːj, “together with”), as well as Tibetan ཁྲི (khri, “ten thousand”) and Burmese ရဲ (rai:, “police”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • să - vernacular (“to be expert in; expert; term of address for experts”);
  • sṳ̆ - literary.
Note:
  • sai - vernacular;
  • su/sir - literary.
Note:
  • se1/su1 - literary:
    • se1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
    • su1 - Chaoyang;.
  • sai1 - vernacular, in 師父／师父, 師囝／师囝.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 師
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sz̩²¹/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /sz̩²¹/
Xining /sz̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Ürümqi /sz̩⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sz̩⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sz̩⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sz̩⁵⁵/
Kunming /sz̩⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sz̩³¹/
Hefei /sz̩²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /sz̩¹³/
Hohhot /sz̩³¹/ 老～
/səʔ⁰/ 大～傅
Wu Shanghai /sz̩⁵³/
Suzhou /sz̩⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sz̩³³/
Wenzhou /sz̩³³/
Hui Shexian /sz̩³¹/
Tunxi /sz̩¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sz̩³³/
Xiangtan /sz̩³³/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sï²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /si⁵³/
Nanning /sz̩⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /si⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /su⁵⁵/
/sai⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sy⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /su⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sɯ³³/
/sai³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /si²³/
Rime
Character 師
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疏夷切
Baxter srij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃiɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂji/
Li
Rong 		/ʃji/
Wang
Li 		/ʃi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʂi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 師 師
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shī shī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srij › ‹ srij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*srij/ /*srij/
English army master

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 師
Reading # 1/1
No. 11433
Phonetic
component 		師
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		師
Old
Chinese 		/*sri/

Definitions

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師

  1. (historical, military) division of 2500 soldiers
  2. (military) division; a large body of troops composing part of an army
  3. army; troops; armed force
    • 4th cent. BC, 《竹書紀年》 (Bamboo Annals), s.v. "周宣王" (Xuan King):
      五年... 秋八月，方叔帥師伐荊蠻
      Year 5 [c. 820 BC]... Autumn, Month 8: "Uncle" Fang led a force to slaughter the Jingman.
  4. to dispatch troops; to send troops
  5. the masses; populace; general public
  6. (historical) A former level of administrative division notionally covering 36,000 households or 1/12 of a province.
  7. capital city; metropolis
  8. strategist; military adviser
  9. leader; chief; commander; head; captain
  10. teacher; instructor
  11. master; expert; specialist
  12. (Eastern Min) to be an expert in; adept at; capable
  13. (Eastern Min) Respectful term of address for an expert in a trade or profession.
  14. (religion) Respectful title forBuddhism monks, Buddhism nuns and Taoist priests.
  15. (historical) musician
  16. model; example; fine example (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  17. to follow; to imitate; to follow the example of
  18. “Army” (䷆): the seventh hexagram of the I Ching
  19. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (師):
  • → Japanese: 師(し) (shi)
  • → Korean: 사(師) (sa)
  • → Vietnamese: sư (師)

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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師

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. teacher, master, one's mentor
  2. religious leader

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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Kanji in this term
師
し
Grade: 5
on'yomi

師(し) • (shi) 

  1. teacher, Reverend

Etymology 2

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Proper noun

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Kanji in this term
師
し
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

師(もろ) • (Moro) 

  1. a surname

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 師 (MC srij). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

師 (eumhun 스승 사 (seuseung sa))

  1. hanja form? of 사 (“teacher; master; one's mentor”)
  2. hanja form? of 사 (“(military) division; army”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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師: Hán Nôm readings: sư

  1. teacher, master
  2. respectful title for Buddhist monks and Buddhist nuns
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