渣

渣 U+6E23, 渣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E23 ← 渢 [U+6E22] CJK Unified Ideographs 渤 → [U+6E24]

Translingual

Han character

渣 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水木日一 (EDAM), four-corner 3411₆, composition ⿰氵查 or ⿰氵査)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 634, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17767
• Dae Jaweon: page 1041, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1670, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6E23

Chinese

trad.		渣
simp. #		渣
2nd round simp.		泎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
虘	*zaːl, *zaː
蔖	*zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ
摣	*rnaː, *ʔsraː
袓	*ʔsjaː, *zaʔ
怚	*ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝	*ʔsjaː
謯	*ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ
姐	*ʔsjaːʔ
抯	*ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷	*ʔsjaːʔ
且	*sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa
趄	*sʰjaːs, *sʰa
笡	*sʰjaːs
查	*ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː
柤	*ʔsraː
樝	*ʔsraː
皻	*ʔsraː
渣	*ʔsraː
楂	*zraː
苴	*zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa
駔	*ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ
租	*ʔsaː
蒩	*ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖	*ʔsaːʔ
組	*ʔsaːʔ
珇	*ʔsaːʔ
靻	*ʔsaːʔ
粗	*sʰaː, *zaːʔ
徂	*zaː
殂	*zaː
麆	*zaːʔ, *zras
伹	*zaːʔ, *sʰa
蛆	*ʔsa, *sʰa
沮	*ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀	*ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ
疽	*sʰa
雎	*sʰa
狙	*sʰa, *sʰas
岨	*sʰa
砠	*sʰa
坥	*sʰa, *sʰas
刞	*sʰas
覰	*sʰas
覷	*sʰas
跙	*zaʔ
筯	*das
菹	*ʔsra
葅	*ʔsra
阻	*ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
俎	*ʔsraʔ
詛	*ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
鉏	*zra, *zraʔ
豠	*zra
鋤	*zra
耡	*zra, *zras
齟	*zraʔ
助	*zras

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 查 (OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhā (zha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): za¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châ
• Eastern Min (BUC): că
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): che / chee / cha

  (Teochew, Peng'im): za¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhā
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jha
    • Wade–Giles: cha¹
    • Yale: jā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ja
    • Palladius: чжа (čža)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhār
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhar
    • Wade–Giles: cha¹-ʼrh
    • Yale: jār
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jal
    • Palladius: чжар (čžar)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑɻ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: za¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: za
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaa¹
    • Yale: jā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: za¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châ
    • Hakka Romanization System: za^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: za¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sa²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: că
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che
    • Tâi-lô: tse
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡se³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chee
    • Tâi-lô: tsee
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha
    • Tâi-lô: tsa
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sa³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sa⁴⁴/

Note:

• che/chee - vernacular;
• cha - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: za¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrae

Rime
Character	渣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側加切
Baxter	tsrae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃa/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaa1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渣
Reading #	1/1
No.	10388
Phonetic component	且
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	樝
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraː/
Notes	同溠水名又柤滓今字

Definitions

渣

1. dregs; lees; sediment
2. fragment; particle; piece; scrap; crumb

   蝕到連渣都冇 [Cantonese, trad.]
   蚀到连渣都冇 [Cantonese, simp.]

   sik⁶ dou³ lin⁴ zaa¹ dou¹ mou⁵ [Jyutping]

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. Alternative form of 喳
4. Used in transcription of foreign names in Cantonese.

   渣打銀行／渣打银行 [Cantonese]  ―  zaa¹ daa² ngan⁴ hong⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  Standard Chartered Bank

   渣華道／渣华道 [Cantonese]  ―  zaa¹ waa⁴ dou⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  Java Road

5. a surname: Zha

Synonyms

• (dregs): 渣滓 (zhāzǐ)
• (fragment): 碎末 (suìmò), 碎屑 (suìxiè)

Compounds

• 人渣 (rénzhā)
• 嘎嘎渣渣
• 嘎渣兒／嘎渣儿
• 奶渣
• 學渣／学渣 (xuézhā)
• 廢渣／废渣 (fèizhā)
• 掉渣 (diàozhā)
• 殘渣／残渣 (cánzhā)
• 殘渣餘孽／残渣余孽 (cánzhāyúniè)
• 沉渣 (chénzhā)
• 油渣 (yóuzhā)
• 油渣子
• 渣兒／渣儿
• 渣女 (zhānǚ)
• 渣子
• 渣滓 (zhāzǐ)
• 渣男 (zhānán)
• 滤渣
• 火山渣 (huǒshānzhā)
• 煤渣 (méizhā)
• 熔渣
• 爐渣／炉渣 (lúzhā)
• 疙渣兒／疙渣儿
• 石渣
• 礦渣／矿渣 (kuàngzhā)
• 蔗渣
• 藥渣／药渣 (yàozhā)
• 蠟渣／蜡渣
• 豆渣 (dòuzhā)
• 豆渣腦筋／豆渣脑筋
• 豆腐渣工程 (dòufuzhā gōngchéng)
• 酒渣
• 酒渣鼻 (jiǔzhābí)
• 鍋渣／锅渣
• 麵包渣／面包渣
• 麻渣

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 渣 – see 鮓 (“of poor quality”). (This character is a variant form of 鮓).

References

• “渣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

渣

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. dregs

Readings

• Go-on: しゃ (sha)
• Kan-on: さ (sa)
• Kun: おり (ori)、かす (kasu)

Korean

Hanja

渣 (eum 사 (sa))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

渣: Hán Nôm readings: tra

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.