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U+53EA, 只
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53EA

[U+53E9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+53EB]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 30, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口金 (RC), four-corner 60800, composition )

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №49

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 172, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3239
  • Dae Jaweon: page 383, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 570, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53EA

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) : airflow coming out of a mouth () – a modal particle. Compare and .

Etymology 1

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trad. /*/*/*
simp.
alternative forms

Schuessler (2007) suggests that it is possibly Sino-Tibetan, relating it to Kamarupan ke, kʰe (one), which are perhaps related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kjaŋ (single), whence Tibetan རྐྱང (rkyang, single), Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:, single) and Burmese ချည်း (hkyany:, alone,only, just).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (23)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕie/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 17304
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*klje/

Definitions

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  1. only; just; simply; merely
      ―  zhǐ qù guò yī cì.  ―  I've only been there once.
    一點兒胡椒粉 [MSC, trad.]
    一点儿胡椒粉 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāng lǐ zhǐ fàng le yīdiǎnr hújiāofěn. [Pinyin]
    There was just a hint of pepper in the soup.
    一日到夜曉得事體會得 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    一日到夜晓得事体会得 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    7iq-gniq-tau-ya 7tseq 5shiau-teq 7chiq 7chiq 7chiq 6zy-thi-meq 7iq-nge 6gha 8veq-ue-teq 5tsu [Wugniu]
    The only thing [you] do all day is eat, and yet you do nothing important.
  2. originally; at first

Synonyms

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  • (only):
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms Min
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to (zhè), ()?”

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (23)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi2

Definitions

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  1. (literary or Min) this
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (23)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 17307
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kljeʔ/

Definitions

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  1. A modal particle.

Etymology 4

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simp. and trad.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Definitions
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  1. to do

Etymology 5

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simp. and trad.
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to (zhe)?”

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Progressive particle, akin to (zhe). [Yuan–Ming]

Etymology 6

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simp. and trad.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (23)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 17307
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kljeʔ/

Definitions

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  1. a surname

Etymology 7

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“one bird; single; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of ).
Notes:

In traditional script, (zhī) is a variant of (zhī) for a subset of its senses such as classifier for hands (highest affinity), one of a pair, etc, but most notably not for animals.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Classifier for hands and objects worn on/around hand.
    戒指  ―  zhī jièzhǐ  ―  one ring
    手錶手表  ―  zhī shǒubiǎo  ―  one wristwatch
    皮箱  ―  zhī píxiāng  ―  one leather suitcase
  2. Classifier for one of a pair.
    耳環耳环  ―  zhī ěrhuán  ―  one earring
    眼睛眼睛  ―  liǎng zhī xiǎo yǎnjīng  ―  two little eyes
  3. Classifier for boats and certain vessels.
    小船  ―  zhī xiǎochuán  ―  one little boat
    花瓶  ―  zhī huāpíng  ―  one flower vase

Etymology 8

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 9

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“sword; to gather; etc.”).
(This character is a nonstandard simplified form of ).
Notes:

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. only
  2. simply
  3. just

Readings

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  • Go-on: (shi)
  • Kan-on: (shi)
  • Kun: ただ (tada, )

Definitions

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Kanji in this term
ただ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
ただタダ
[noun] , : ordinary, common, nothing special
[noun] : free of charge, free
Alternative spelling
ただ
[adjective] , : ordinary, simple
[adjective] , : nothing
[adverb] , , : merely, commonly, simply, only
[conjunction] , , : but, however, although, except that
Alternative spellings
, ,
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Hanja

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(eum (ji))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Korean

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Pronunciation

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Conventionally reconstructed as *-k, after the Middle Korean reflexes.

Etymology 1

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Phonogram

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(*-k)

  1. A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-k.

Etymology 2

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Particle

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(*-k)

  1. An emphatic particle attached to the connective form of verbs.
Descendants
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  • Middle Korean: (-k)

Etymology 3

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Verb

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(*ki-)

  1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. It usually appears after other verbs, taking the honorific suffix (*-si), and appears to be some kind of auxiliary. It has no known Middle Korean reflex. Nam Pung-hyeon speculates whether it might be connected to or be a variant of (*KYE-).

References

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  • 남풍현 (2004) “시상의 조동사 '在/𠂇/겨'의 발달'”, in Gugeo gukmunhak, volume 138, pages 5—34
  • 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典, Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ, chích

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.