用

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See also: 甩
用 U+7528, 用
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7528
← 甧
[U+7527] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甩 →
[U+7529]
⽤ U+2F64, ⽤
KANGXI RADICAL USE
← ⽣
[U+2F63] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽥ →
[U+2F65]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 101 用

用 (Kangxi radical 101, 用+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月手 (BQ), four-corner 77220, composition ⿵⺆𰀁 or ⿻丨月)

  1. Kangxi radical #101, ⽤.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 755, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21703
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1166, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 97, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7528

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 用
alternative forms
𠛁
𤰃
𠂵
𤰆
𡶤
𠛁
𤰃
𠂵
𤰆
𡶤
𠂦
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 用
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
通 *l̥ʰoːŋ
俑 *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪 *l̥ʰoːŋ
桶 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛 *l̥ʰoːŋs
筩 *l'oːŋ
誦 *ljoŋs
傭 *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵 *ɦljoŋ
鱅 *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽 *loŋ
墉 *loŋ
鏞 *loŋ
鄘 *loŋ
槦 *loŋ
銿 *loŋ
甬 *loŋʔ
勇 *loŋʔ
涌 *loŋʔ
踊 *loŋʔ
蛹 *loŋʔ
恿 *loŋʔ
慂 *loŋʔ
悀 *loŋʔ
埇 *loŋʔ
踴 *loŋʔ
庸 *loŋ
用 *loŋs
佣 *loŋs

Pictogram (象形) : a water bucket. Compare 桶. Similar but unrelated to 甬, which represents a bronze bell, and 角, which represents a horn. Unrelated to the bottom part of 備, which represents a quiver. Eventually, unrelated to 甫, in which it is the stylization of 田.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *z(j)um ~ *zuŋ, provisionally set up by STEDT. Cognates to 傭 (OC loŋ) and 庸 (OC loŋ), outside Sinitic, Southern Bai zv³¹ (“to use”) Burmese သုံး (sum:, “to use”), Ersu zi⁵⁵ (“to use”), Nuosu ꌬ (ssi, “to use”), Pa'o Karen [script needed] (sūŋ, “to use”).

Sun (1999) and Schuessler (2007) consider this word a cognate to Tibetan ལོངས (longs, “use”)

Pronunciation

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Note:
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
    • ēng - vernacular;
    • iōng - literary.
  • Penang:
    • iōng - vernacular.
Note:
  • iong5 - vernacular;
  • iong1 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 用
    Mandarin Beijing /yŋ⁵¹/
    Harbin /yŋ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ʐuŋ⁵³/
    /yŋ⁵³/
    Jinan /yŋ²¹/
    Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /yuŋ³¹²/
    Xi'an /yŋ⁴⁴/
    Xining /yə̃²¹³/
    Yinchuan /yŋ¹³/
    Lanzhou /ỹn¹³/
    Ürümqi /yŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ioŋ³⁵/
    Chengdu /yoŋ¹³/
    Guiyang /ioŋ²¹³/
    Kunming /ioŋ¹/
    Nanjing /ioŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /iŋ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /yŋ³⁵/
    Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦioŋ²³/
    Suzhou /ioŋ⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦioŋ¹³/
    Wenzhou /jyɔ²²/
    Hui Shexian /yʌ̃²²/
    Tunxi /in¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ioŋ⁵⁵/
    /ioŋ¹¹/
    Xiangtan /in²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /iuŋ²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /iuŋ⁵³/
    Taoyuan /ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /joŋ²²/
    Nanning /juŋ²²/
    Hong Kong /juŋ²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iɔŋ²²/
    /iŋ²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /øyŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œyŋ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /eŋ³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /zoŋ³³/
    Rime
    Character 用
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 余頌切
    Baxter yowngH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jɨoŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jioŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ioŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/juawŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ioŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭwoŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯woŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yòng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jung6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 用
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yòng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yowngH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*loŋ-s/
    English use (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 用
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15460
    Phonetic
    component         		用
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		用
    Old
    Chinese         		/*loŋs/

    Definitions

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    用

    1. to use; to employ; to operate
      你會不會用電腦？ [MSC, trad.]
      你会不会用电脑？ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ huì bù huì yòng diànnǎo? [Pinyin]
      Can you use a computer?
      我用海綿來吸水。 [MSC, trad.]
      我用海绵来吸水。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ yòng hǎimián lái xī shuǐ. [Pinyin]
      I used a sponge to draw the water.
    2. use; utility; usefulness
      有用  ―  yǒuyòng  ―  useful
      沒用／没用  ―  méiyòng  ―  useless
    3. (honorific) to eat; to drink
      是喝茶的時間啦，請用一杯茶吧！ [MSC, trad.]
      是喝茶的时间啦，请用一杯茶吧！ [MSC, simp.]
      Shì hē chá de shíjiān la, qǐng yòng yī bēi chá ba! [Pinyin]
      It is tea time. Please have a cup of tea!
    4. expenses; outlay
      費用／费用  ―  fèiyòng  ―  cost, expense
      用度  ―  yòngdù  ―  expense
      家用  ―  jiāyòng  ―  family expenses
    5. with; by; using
      用叉子吃東西／用叉子吃东西  ―  yòng chāzi chī dōngxi  ―  to eat with a fork
      我用筷子吃飯。／我用筷子吃饭。  ―  Wǒ yòng kuàizǐ chīfàn.  ―  I eat food with chopsticks.
      我用濕抹布擦桌子。 [MSC, trad.]
      我用湿抹布擦桌子。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ yòng shī mǒbù cā zhuōzǐ. [Pinyin]
      I wash the table with a wet cloth.
      我老闆用姓稱呼我。 [MSC, trad.]
      我老板用姓称呼我。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ lǎobǎn yòng xìng chēnghū wǒ. [Pinyin]
      My boss calls me by my last name.
    6. (chiefly used in the negative or interrogative) to need
      不用急，慢慢來。 [MSC, trad.]
      不用急，慢慢来。 [MSC, simp.]
      Bùyòng jí, mànmān lái. [Pinyin]
      No need to hurry. Please take it easy.
    7. (literary) therefore
    8. (obsolete) because of; due to; because
    9. a surname

    Synonyms

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    • (to use):
    edit
    Dialectal synonyms of 用 (“to use”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 用, 使用
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 使, 用
    Malaysia 用
    Singapore 用
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 使, 用
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 使喚
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 用, 使
    Wuhan 用
    Guilin 用
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 用
    Hefei 使, 用
    Cantonese Guangzhou 用, 使
    Hong Kong 用, 使
    Yangjiang 使
    Singapore (Guangfu) 用
    Gan Nanchang 用
    Hakka Meixian 用
    Jin Taiyuan 使喚, 用
    Northern Min Jian'ou 使
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 使
    Southern Min Xiamen 用
    Penang (Hokkien) 用
    Singapore (Hokkien) 用
    Chaozhou 用, 使
    Singapore (Teochew) 用
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 用
    Wu Suzhou 用
    Wenzhou 用
    Xiang Changsha 用
    Shuangfeng 用
    Dialectal synonyms of 用 (“with; by; using”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 用, 拿
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 拿, 用
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 用, 拿
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 用, 拿
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 拿, 使
    Wuhan 用, 架, 拿
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 拿, 用
    Hefei 用, 拿
    Cantonese Guangzhou 用, 攞
    Hong Kong 用, 攞
    Yangjiang 用, 捰
    Gan Nanchang 用, 拿
    Hakka Meixian 用
    Jin Taiyuan 拿, 用
    Northern Min Jian'ou 使
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 使, 獲
    Southern Min Xiamen 用
    Jinjiang 用
    Manila (Hokkien) 用
    Chaozhou 用
    Wu Suzhou 拿, 用
    Wenzhou 用, 𧵊
    Xiang Changsha 用, 拿
    Shuangfeng 用

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (用):
    • → Japanese: 用(よう) (yō)
    • → Korean: 용(用) (yong)
    • → Vietnamese: dụng (用)

    Others:

    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    用

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Usage notes

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    Formerly used as man'yōgana for the back-vowel variant (甲類) of よ, romanized as yo1.

    Noun

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    用(よう) • (yō) 

    1. use (noun)
      事(じ)業(ぎょう)の用(よう)に供(きょう)している資(し)産(さん)
      jigyō no yō ni kyō shite iru shisan
      assets provided for business use
    2. a task, business, an errand
      今(こん)晩(ばん)用(よう)があるから出(で)かける。
      Konban yō ga aru kara dekakeru.
      I'll be out this evening because I have an errand.

    Suffix

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    用(よう) • (-yō) 

    1. for the use of, for the purpose of, in case of
      家(か)庭(てい)用(よう)石(せっ)鹸(けん)、散(さん)歩(ぽ)用(よう)のブーツ、非常(ひじょう)用(よう)
      kateiyō sekken, sanpoyō no būtsu, hijōyō
      soap for household use, boots for [the purpose of] walking, in case of emergency

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 用 (MC yowngH). Recorded as Middle Korean 용 (yong) (Yale: yong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jo(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [용(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    用 (eumhun 쓸 용 (sseul yong))

    1. hanja form? of 용 (“use”)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    用: Hán Nôm readings: dụng, dùng, giùm, rùng, dộng, đụng, giùng, rụng, vùng

    1. to use
    2. to eat or drink
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