Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/artos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”).

Noun

*artos m

1. bear (mammal)

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*artos	*artou	*artoi
vocative	*arte	*artou	*artoi
accusative	*artom	*artou	*artoms
genitive	*artī	*artous	*artom
dative	*artūi	*artobom	*artobos
locative	*artei	*?	*?
instrumental	*artū	*artobim	*artūis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *arθ
  • Old Breton: ard, arth
    • Breton: arzh
  • Cornish: arth
  • Middle Welsh: arth
    • Welsh: arth
• Old Irish: art (“bear, hero, warrior”)
• Gaulish: *artos
  • →⇒ Latin: Artiō
  • →⇒ Latin: Artodunum
• Noric: 𐌀𐌓𐌕𐌄(𐌁𐌖𐌈𐌆) (Arte(budz))

Connection uncertain:

• Basque: hartz

Further reading

• Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*arto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42