Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēbanþs

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *h₁ēpónts ~ *h₁pn̥tés, which appears to be an innovative nt-stem derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on, at, near”).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Where does *aftanaz and *aftunaz fit in?”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛː.βɑnθs/

Noun

*ēbanþs m

1. evening

   Synonym: *kwildiz

Inflection

The oblique cases have zero-grade *-un- and the voiced Verner alternant.

consonant stemDeclension of *ēbanþs (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*ēbanþs	*ēbanþiz
vocative	*ēbanþ	*ēbanþiz
accusative	*ēbanþų	*ēbanþunz
genitive	*ēbundiz	*ēbundǫ̂
dative	*ēbundi	*ēbundumaz
instrumental	*ēbundē	*ēbundumiz

Derived terms

• *ēbanþāną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ābanþ
  • Old English: ǣfen, ēfen, ēfern
    • Middle English: even, evene, even, efen
      • English: even
      • Yola: e'en
  • Old Frisian: ēvend, āvend, āiond, iound, iond
    • North Frisian: In
    • Saterland Frisian: Äivend, Äiwend, Eeuwend, Eeuend (Skäddel)
    • West Frisian: jûn
  • Old Saxon: āvand
    • Middle Low German: âvent
      • German Low German: Avend

        Paderbornisch: Owend

  • Old Dutch: avont
    • Middle Dutch: avont, avent
      • Dutch: avond
        • Afrikaans: aand
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: tafn
        • Jersey Dutch: âvond
        • Negerhollands: avond, navont
      • Limburgish: aovendj
  • Old High German: āband
    • Middle High German: ābent
      • Alemannic German: Obad, Obid

        Swabian: Obad

      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: aabend

      • Central Franconian: Oovend

        Hunsrik: Ovend

        Kölsch: Ovend

        Luxembourgish: Owend

      • East Central German: Ohmd, Oomd
      • German: Abend
      • Rhine Franconian: Owed, Owend

        Pennsylvania German: Owed

      • Vilamovian: ȫwyt
      • Yiddish: אָוונט (ovnt)
      • → North Frisian: Oabend
• Old Norse: aptann
  • Icelandic: aftann m
  • Faroese: aftan m
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: aftan m, eftan m; (dialectal) apta f, afta m, efta m
  • Old Swedish: afton, aftan, apton, aptan
    • Swedish: afton c
  • Old Danish: aftæn
    • Danish: aften c
      • Norwegian Bokmål: aften m